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Golden Pothos (Epipremnum aureum) Araceae

1 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Epipremnum is an evergreen perennial herbaceous liana. This species is called golden due to its color. Spots and stripes of golden yellow are irregularly scattered throughout the foliage surface.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Golden Pothos can be found in the wild throughout the tropics from Australia to India. It's an evergreen vine that grows quickly and has fleshy dark green glossy heart-shaped leaves that are 2-6 inches (5 to 15 cm) long.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Indoors, the plant can reach a length of 7 ft (2 m) or more, and in the wild, it can grow up to 100 ft (30 m).</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Ceylon creeper, hunter's robe, ivy arum, silver vine, Solomon Islands ivy, marble queen, and taro vine are some of the common names for the plant. It's also known as devil's vine or devil's ivy since it's nearly impossible to kill and it stays green in the dark. It can be invasive in Hawaii and Sri Lanka.</p> {"Light":"Golden Pothos thrives in bright, indirect light, but it is also highly tolerant of low light conditions, making it ideal for interior spaces with minimal sunlight. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can scorch the leaves and diminish variegation.\n","Watering":"Golden Pothos prefers the soil to dry out partially between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering will cause leaf curling or yellowing. A good rule of thumb is to water when the top 2–3 cm of soil feels dry to the touch.","Soil":"The plant does well in well-draining, light potting mixes, ideally with components like peat moss, perlite, or coconut coir. Avoid compacted or water-retentive soils which can contribute to fungal issues.","Temperature":"Optimal growth occurs in temperatures between 18°C to 29°C (65°F to 85°F). The plant is not frost-tolerant and should be kept away from cold drafts. Temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can result in stunted growth or damage to the foliage.\n","Humidity":"Golden Pothos is humidity-tolerant but does best in moderate to high humidity. While it can adapt to drier indoor air, occasional misting or grouping with other plants can help increase humidity and keep foliage vibrant.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season (spring through early fall) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Over-fertilizing can lead to salt buildup and potential root damage.\n","Pruning":"Regular pruning encourages bushier growth and prevents legginess. Trim leggy vines just above a node to stimulate branching. Remove any yellowing or damaged leaves to maintain plant health and appearance.","Propagation":"Golden Pothos is easily propagated through stem cuttings. Cut below a node, place the cutting in water or moist soil, and roots will develop within 2–4 weeks. Once roots are established, the cutting can be planted in soil.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Golden Pothos is considered toxic to humans if ingested. All parts of the plant contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause intense irritation of the mouth, throat, and stomach if chewed or swallowed. Symptoms may include burning sensations, swelling of the lips and tongue, drooling, difficulty swallowing, and nausea. Skin contact with the sap may also lead to mild irritation or dermatitis in sensitive individuals. <br>\n\nToxicity to Pets:<br>\n\nGolden Pothos is toxic to cats and dogs according to the ASPCA. If ingested, symptoms may include oral irritation, excessive drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and in severe cases, difficulty swallowing or breathing due to throat swelling. Immediate veterinary attention is recommended if ingestion is suspected. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n•Calcium oxalate crystals (raphides): <br>\nSharp, needle-like crystals that penetrate tissues and cause pain, swelling, and irritation upon contact. <br>\n•Proteolytic enzymes and histamine-like substances may also contribute to inflammatory responses upon ingestion or skin contact. <br>\n\nLivestock Toxicity: <br>\n\nAlthough typically not encountered by grazing animals, Golden Pothos is considered unsafe for horses, goats, and cattle due to its oxalate content. Consumption can lead to gastrointestinal distress and mucosal irritation. <br>\n"}
Snake Plant (Sansevieria trifasciata) Asparagaceae

2 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Snake Plant is the most common type of Sansevierias in indoor floriculture. Due to its unpretentiousness, it is widely used for adding a green touch to home interiors, office spaces, and other public places.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Snake Plant, or Sansevieria trifasciata, is a tropical plant which comes from Africa. A rosette of three-lane Sansevieria can have up to 6 leaves. The original species' mature leaves are dark green in hue with pale transverse streaks. The leaves can grow up to 12-50 inches (30-120 cm) long and 1-4 inches (2-10 cm) wide.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The leaf is flat, lanceolate, smooth, and taper upwards before ending in a spike.</p> {"Light":"Snake Plant tolerates a wide range of lighting conditions. It grows best in bright, indirect light but can also survive in low-light areas. Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, especially in the afternoon, as it can scorch the leaves.\n","Watering":"Prefers warm environments, ideally between 18°C to 27°C (65°F to 80°F). It is sensitive to cold and should be kept away from drafts and temperatures below 10°C (50°F), which can cause leaf damage.\n","Soil":"Use a well-draining cactus or succulent mix. Alternatively, mix standard potting soil with sand or perlite to improve aeration. The key is to prevent water from pooling around the roots.\n","Temperature":"Prefers warm environments, ideally between 18°C to 27°C (65°F to 80°F). It is sensitive to cold and should be kept away from drafts and temperatures below 10°C (50°F), which can cause leaf damage.\n","Humidity":"Snake Plant is not humidity-dependent and does well in average indoor humidity levels. It tolerates both dry and slightly humid environments but appreciates occasional leaf wiping to remove dust.\n","Fertilization":"Fertilize once a month during spring and summer with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilizing as this plant has modest nutrient requirements.\n","Pruning":"Pruning is generally minimal. Remove damaged or dead leaves by cutting them at the base. This promotes new growth and maintains a clean appearance.","Propagation":"Snake Plant is easy to propagate by leaf cuttings or division. For leaf cuttings, allow cut pieces to callous over for a day or two before planting in soil. Division is preferred for maintaining variegation.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nSnake Plant contains saponins, which are mildly toxic if ingested. While not usually life-threatening, ingestion may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, particularly in young children. Contact with the plant sap may also result in skin irritation or dermatitis in sensitive individuals. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats and Dogs): <br>\n\nAccording to the ASPCA, Sansevieria trifasciata is toxic to cats and dogs. Symptoms of ingestion may include nausea, vomiting, drooling, and gastrointestinal upset. In most cases, the effects are mild but can cause discomfort and stress for the animal. Immediate veterinary care is recommended if a pet consumes a significant amount. <br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\n•Saponins: Naturally occurring plant glycosides that have detergent-like properties, causing cell membrane disruption in the digestive tract when ingested. They are bitter and usually act as a deterrent to over-consumption by animals or children. <br>\n\n_Livestock Toxicity: <br>\n\nRare in domestic grazing environments, but when ingested by livestock such as goats or horses, the plant can cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms, though cases are uncommon. <br>\n"}
Aloe Vera (Aloe vera) Asphodelaceae

3 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Aloe Vera is a timeless medicinal plant, that has been a trusted remedy for millennia. But it's not just about its medicinal properties! Aloe Vera doubles up as a decorative gem, flourishing indoors as a potted plant.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The succulent belongs to the Aloe genus. It grows abundantly in tropical climates and has been used as a medicinal plant for centuries. Aloe is a rosette of slightly curved leaves up to 20 inches (50 cm) long and 2.5 inches (6-7cm) wide. The leaves have a charming gray-green hue and are decorated with small white spots and edges with small thorns.</p> {"Light":"Aloe vera thrives in bright, indirect sunlight to full sun. Indoors, place it near a south- or west-facing window for optimal growth. While it can tolerate lower light for short periods, insufficient light can lead to elongated, pale leaves and poor overall growth.\n","Watering":"Being a drought-tolerant succulent, Aloe vera requires infrequent watering. Water deeply but only when the top 2–3 inches of soil are dry. Overwatering can cause root rot, which is a common issue. During winter, reduce watering frequency significantly.\n","Soil":"Aloe vera needs well-draining soil, such as a cactus or succulent mix. A homemade mix can include potting soil combined with coarse sand, perlite, or pumice to ensure excellent drainage.\n","Temperature":"Ideal temperature range is 18°C to 26°C (65°F to 80°F). Aloe vera is not frost-tolerant and must be protected from temperatures below 5°C (41°F). It prefers a warm, dry environment and should be kept away from cold drafts or sudden temperature fluctuations.","Humidity":"Aloe vera prefers low to average indoor humidity. It is well-adapted to arid climates and does not require misting or humidity trays.\n","Fertilization":"Feed sparingly during the active growing season (spring through early fall). Use a diluted balanced liquid fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 or 15-15-15) once every 4–6 weeks. Do not fertilize in winter when the plant is dormant.\n","Pruning":"Pruning is generally limited to removing damaged or dried leaves at the base with a clean, sharp knife. Occasionally, older lower leaves will wither naturally and can be removed to keep the plant tidy.","Propagation":"Aloe vera is commonly propagated by offsets (pups) that grow at the base of the mother plant. These can be separated and replanted once they have developed sufficient roots. Propagation by seed is possible but less common and much slower.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nWhile the inner gel of Aloe vera is considered safe and beneficial for topical use and in some regulated oral products, the outer green leaf layer and the yellow latex (sap) that exudes from the cut leaf edges contain aloin and anthraquinone glycosides, which are toxic if ingested in large quantities. These substances can cause severe abdominal cramps, diarrhea, electrolyte imbalances, and dehydration. The U.S. FDA has banned over-the-counter laxative products containing aloe latex due to these effects. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats and Dogs): <br>\n\nAloe vera is toxic to cats and dogs according to the ASPCA. If ingested, it may cause vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, and lethargy. The toxic compounds, primarily saponins and anthraquinones, irritate the gastrointestinal tract and may also affect electrolyte balance. <br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\n•Aloin (from the latex): A bitter yellow compound with strong laxative effects. <br>\n•Anthraquinones: Cause cell membrane irritation and stimulate intestinal motility. <br>\n•Saponins: Contribute to gastrointestinal upset in pets and humans. <br>\n•Latex sap: Found between the leaf skin and the gel, this is the most toxic part when ingested. <br>\n\n_Precautions: <br>\n\nIf Aloe vera is used for topical home remedies, ensure that the yellow latex is thoroughly removed to avoid skin irritation. Do not ingest raw Aloe vera products unless they are commercially prepared and certified as safe for consumption. Always keep the plant out of reach of pets and young children."}
Swiss Cheese Plant (Monstera deliciosa) Araceae

4 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This Instagram-friendly greenie is famous for its large and glossy leaves with a distinctive split. Monstera isn't a fussy plant but needs some space to reach its full potential.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Monstera is a climbing native of South America. In the tropical rainforest, This green giant can reach towering heights thanks to aerial roots that anchor plants to trees, walls, and other surfaces. Monsteras like when you provide them with a moss pole for aerial roots to anchor the stem.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Monstera deliciosa has large leaves with characteristic holes that turn into splits when the plant matures.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Indoors, Monstera can grow 1-2 feet (30-60cm) in height per year.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"><br></p> {"Light":"Monstera deliciosa prefers bright, indirect light. While it can tolerate lower light levels, growth will slow and leaf fenestrations may be reduced. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can scorch the leaves.","Watering":"Water thoroughly when the top 2–4 cm (1–2 inches) of soil are dry. Allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Overwatering or poor drainage can lead to root rot. Water less frequently during the winter months when growth slows.\n","Soil":"Use a rich, well-draining soil mix. A high-quality potting mix amended with orchid bark, perlite, and peat or coco coir will replicate the plant’s natural growing conditions and support aeration.\n","Temperature":"This plant thrives in temperatures between 18°C to 30°C (65°F to 86°F). It is not frost-tolerant and should be kept away from cold drafts or temperatures below 10°C (50°F).\n","Humidity":"Monstera deliciosa enjoys moderate to high humidity. Indoor air humidity of 60% or above is ideal. In drier environments, increase humidity by misting the leaves regularly, placing the pot on a humidity tray, or using a humidifier.\n","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring through early autumn) using a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (e.g., 20-20-20 or similar). Reduce or cease feeding during the winter.\n","Pruning":"Pruning helps control size and encourages bushier growth. Remove damaged or older leaves and cut back leggy vines. Use clean, sharp scissors or shears to prune stems just above a node.\n","Propagation":"Monstera deliciosa is easily propagated through stem cuttings. Cut just below a node (ideally one with an aerial root) and place the cutting in water or moist soil until roots develop. Once established, transfer to a pot with well-draining soil.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nMonstera deliciosa is toxic if ingested due to the presence of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which are present in all parts of the plant except the ripe fruit. Chewing or swallowing plant parts can result in oral irritation, intense burning, swelling of the lips, mouth, tongue, and throat, and difficulty swallowing. In severe cases, it may cause nausea and vomiting. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats and Dogs): <br>\n\nAccording to the ASPCA, Monstera deliciosa is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can lead to oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, decreased appetite, vomiting, and in rare cases, swelling of the airway, which can interfere with breathing. <br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\n•Insoluble calcium oxalates: These needle-like crystals (raphides) are embedded in the plant’s tissues and can penetrate soft tissues of the mouth and digestive tract, causing inflammation and pain. <br>\n•Proteolytic enzymes (in small amounts): May exacerbate irritation in sensitive individuals. <br>\n\n_Edible Parts & Precautions: <br>\n\nThe fruit of Monstera deliciosa, when fully ripe (usually 10–12 months after flowering), is safe to eat and even considered a delicacy. However, unripe fruit is toxic, containing high levels of calcium oxalates, and can cause severe irritation if consumed prematurely. Always ensure proper ripening before attempting to eat the fruit, and avoid the rest of the plant entirely.\n"}
Peace Lily Plant (Spathiphyllum wallisii) Araceae

5 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Peace Lily Plant, also called Spathiphyllum wallisii, is a great choice for easy indoor plants, with shiny green leaves and unique white spathes. With simple care needs, the Peace Lily does well indoors.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Peace Lily Plant has beautiful dark green leaves that spread out elegantly from the plant's base. In early summer, you can see pretty white spoon-shaped spathes on the plant, holding a cluster of tiny, true flowers. They typically grow to 1-4 feet (30-120 cm) indoors and up to 6 feet (1.8 m) outdoors in 3 years.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Remember, they can be harmful to pets and humans, so be careful where you put them in your home.</p> {"Light":"Spathiphyllum plants do well in bright, indirect light, but they can also grow in low light. However, they might not bloom well in low light. To avoid problems like brown marks and curled leaves, keep the plant out of direct sunlight. Put it close to an east-facing window for enough filtered light.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) of soil feels dry. Peace Lilies are sensitive to both underwatering and overwatering. Drooping leaves are a sign of thirst but usually recover quickly after watering. Avoid letting the plant sit in standing water.","Soil":"Use a well-draining, rich potting mix, such as one designed for indoor tropical plants. A mix containing peat moss, perlite, and composted organic matter works well to retain moisture while preventing waterlogging.\n","Temperature":"Ideal temperature range is 18°C to 27°C (65°F to 80°F). The Peace Lily is sensitive to cold temperatures and should be kept away from drafts, air conditioning vents, and temperatures below 12°C (54°F), which can cause damage or stunt growth.\n","Humidity":"Peace Lilies prefer high humidity, ideally above 50–60%. In dry indoor environments, increase humidity by misting regularly, using a humidity tray, or placing a humidifier nearby.\n","Fertilization":"Fertilize every 6–8 weeks during the growing season (spring to early fall) with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer. Excessive fertilization can cause brown tips on the leaves or reduce flowering.","Pruning":"Remove yellow, brown, or dead leaves to maintain appearance and prevent disease. After a bloom fades, cut the flower stalk near the base of the plant to encourage future flowering.\n","Propagation":"You can make more of them by dividing the offsets in early spring when they're growing fast. Do this every 5 years or as needed. Take the plant out of the pot, separate the crowns, or cut a piece of the main root ball, making sure each piece has at least two leaves and roots. Plant them in slightly wet soil, water well, and keep them in a warm, bright place. The roots should grow back in less than a month.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nSpathiphyllum wallisii is toxic if ingested, primarily due to the presence of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals in all parts of the plant. These crystals can cause intense oral irritation, burning, and swelling of the lips, mouth, tongue, and throat, as well as difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, nausea, and vomiting. Symptoms may appear within minutes of ingestion. The plant’s irritating effect is mechanical (due to the microscopic needle-like raphides) rather than chemical. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats and Dogs): <br>\n\nAccording to the ASPCA, the Peace Lily is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can result in oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth, decreased appetite, and, in rare cases, swelling of the airway, which could cause breathing difficulties. <br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\n•Insoluble Calcium Oxalates (raphides): <br>\n These needle-like crystals lodge into soft tissues of the mouth and throat, causing mechanical damage and inflammation. <br>\n•Proteolytic enzymes: These may intensify irritation by breaking down tissue proteins, compounding discomfort. <br>\n\n_Precautionary Advice: <br>\n\nKeep Peace Lilies out of reach of children and pets. If accidental ingestion occurs, seek medical or veterinary assistance immediately. Symptoms are rarely fatal but can be distressing and require intervention. Handling the plant is generally safe, though some individuals with sensitive skin may experience mild dermatitis."}
Corn Plant (Dracaena fragrans) Asparagaceae

6 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Corn Plant is not just easy to care for. It's great for your health as this greenie removes indoor air toxins.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Dracaena is one of the most popular houseplants and below you'll find plenty of reasons for it.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Commonly known as Corn Plant, Dracaena fragrans is one of the most popular indoor plants. It's native to tropical rainforests of Africa, where it grows up to 50 ft (15m) tall. Living indoors, the plant usually reaches 4-6ft (1.2-1.8m) at the most. Dracaena's foliage is its distinctive feature. It's deep green in color and has a glossy texture. The leaves are long and narrow and usually reach 1-2 feet long. They grow in a rosette pattern from the top of the stem, giving the plant a lush, full look.</p> {"Light":"Corn Plants prefer bright, indirect light but can tolerate low-light conditions, making them suitable for indoor spaces with limited sunlight. However, variegated varieties may lose their distinct leaf patterns in very low light. Direct sunlight should be avoided, as it can cause leaf scorch or fading.","Watering":"Water moderately, allowing the top 3–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering is a common issue and can lead to root rot. The plant is somewhat drought-tolerant, so it’s better to err on the side of underwatering. Reduce watering during winter months.\n","Soil":"Use a well-draining, loose potting mix, preferably with components like peat, pine bark, and perlite or vermiculite. Good aeration is crucial to prevent soggy conditions around the roots.\n","Temperature":"Optimal temperatures range between 18°C to 27°C (65°F to 80°F). The plant is sensitive to cold drafts and should not be exposed to temperatures below 10°C (50°F), which can cause leaf damage and slowed growth.\n","Humidity":"Dracaena fragrans prefers moderate humidity levels (40–60%), though it can adapt to drier indoor air. If leaf tips turn brown, it may be a sign of dry air or sensitivity to fluoride in tap water. Regular misting or a humidity tray can help.\n","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (10-10-10 or 20-20-20) every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring to early autumn). Avoid over-fertilization, which can lead to salt build-up and leaf tip burn.\n","Pruning":"Prune any yellowing or damaged leaves to improve the plant’s appearance. You can also cut back leggy canes to encourage bushier growth. The cut sections can potentially be rooted as new plants.\n","Propagation":"Propagation is typically done by stem cuttings. Cut a healthy cane into sections, each with at least one node, and plant them horizontally or vertically in moist soil or water until roots form. Propagation is relatively easy under warm, humid conditions.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nWhile the Corn Plant is not considered highly toxic to humans, ingestion is not recommended, especially for young children. Ingestion may cause mild symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and oral irritation. The sap may also cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals, particularly if there is prolonged contact. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats and Dogs):\n\nDracaena fragrans is toxic to cats and dogs, as noted by the ASPCA. Ingestion can lead to a range of symptoms, including: <br>\n•Vomiting (sometimes with blood) <br>\n•Loss of appetite <br>\n•Depression or lethargy <br>\n•Drooling <br>\n•Dilated pupils in cats <br>\n\nWhile symptoms are typically not life-threatening, they can be distressing and may require veterinary care, especially if large amounts are consumed. <br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\n•Saponins: These natural chemicals act as a defense mechanism in the plant and can cause cell membrane disruption when ingested by pets, leading to gastrointestinal upset. <br>\n•Resins and alkaloids (in smaller quantities) may also contribute to irritant effects. <br>\n\n_Precautionary Advice:<br>\n\nKeep the plant out of reach of children and pets, especially cats, who are more likely to chew on leaves. Wear gloves when pruning or repotting if you have sensitive skin. Dispose of pruned material responsibly to avoid accidental ingestion."}
ZZ Plant (Zamioculcas zamiifolia) Araceae

7 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The ZZ Plant is a pretty cool indoor plant that's loved by many. It has dark green leaves that are super shiny, and its shape is really cool too. It's perfect for those who want a stylish plant without all the hassle of high maintenance.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The ZZ Plant, or Zamioculcas zamiifolia, comes from Africa, and it's really tough. It can handle low-light and being ignored. It has thick stems and shiny, pointy leaves that grow in a spiral and can be up to 2 feet (60 cm) long. It grows better when it rains more and slows down when it's dry. Even though it's a tropical plant, it's great indoors, and people love to have it in their homes, offices, and other places. It adds some life and class to any room.</p> {"Light":"ZZ Plants thrive in bright, indirect light, but they are remarkably tolerant of low-light conditions, including artificial lighting. Direct sunlight should be avoided, as it can scorch the leaves. This adaptability makes the ZZ ideal for indoor settings with minimal natural light.\n","Watering":"Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. The ZZ Plant is highly drought-tolerant due to its water-storing rhizomes. Overwatering is a common mistake and can lead to rhizome or root rot. Water sparingly, especially in winter.\n","Soil":"A well-draining, loose potting mix is essential. Use a cactus or succulent soil blend or a standard indoor mix amended with sand or perlite to enhance drainage.","Temperature":"Optimal temperatures range between 18°C to 26°C (65°F to 79°F). It does not tolerate frost and should not be exposed to temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Avoid placing it near cold drafts or heating vents.","Humidity":"ZZ Plants tolerate a wide range of humidity levels, making them well-suited for average indoor environments. However, they also adapt well to dry air, requiring no special humidity treatments.\n","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) once a month during the growing season (spring and summer). Avoid overfertilizing, as ZZ Plants are light feeders. No fertilization is needed in winter.\n","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is required. Remove yellowing, damaged, or drooping leaves to maintain appearance. Dead stems can be cut back at the base using clean, sharp shears.\n","Propagation":"Propagation can be done through leaf cuttings, stem cuttings, or division of rhizomes. Leaf cuttings take time to develop into new plants (often several months). Rhizome division during repotting is the most efficient method.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans and Pets:<br>\n\nZamioculcas zamiifolia is toxic to both humans and animals if ingested. It contains calcium oxalate crystals, which are sharp, needle-like structures that can cause significant irritation and discomfort upon contact or ingestion. <br>\n\n_In Humans: <br>\n\nIngestion of any part of the ZZ Plant may result in: <br>\n•Severe irritation of the mouth, throat, and stomach <br>\n•Burning sensation in the mouth, lips, or tongue <br>\n•Swelling of the throat or oral cavity <br>\n•Gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) <br>\nSkin contact with the plant’s sap may cause dermatitis or skin irritation, particularly in individuals with sensitivities. <br>\n\n_In Pets (Cats and Dogs): <br>\n\nThe ZZ Plant is considered toxic by the ASPCA. Symptoms of ingestion include: <br>\n•Drooling <br>\n•Pawing at the mouth <br>\n•Oral irritation <br>\n•Vomiting <br>\n•Loss of appetite <br>\n\nAlthough not usually fatal, veterinary care is recommended if a significant quantity is ingested. <br>\n\n⸻\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\n•Calcium Oxalate Crystals (Raphides): <br>\nThese needle-like crystals penetrate mucous membranes and skin, leading to inflammation and irritation. They are insoluble and can embed into soft tissues, triggering an inflammatory response. <br>\n•Oxalic Acid (in small amounts): <br>\nIn high quantities, oxalic acid can contribute to the formation of kidney stones, although this risk is minimal from casual contact. <br>\n\n⸻\n\nPrecautionary Advice: <br>\n•Always wear gloves when handling or repotting the plant to avoid skin irritation. <br>\n•Keep out of reach of children and pets. <br>\n•Wash hands thoroughly after contact. <br>\n•Do not ingest or allow animals to chew on leaves or stems. <br>\n•Avoid placing the plant near food preparation areas.\n"}
Fiddle Leaf Fig (Ficus lyrata) Moraceae

8 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Ficus Lyrata is one trendy houseplant with its cool violin-shaped leaves and elegant silhouette. It's like an instant sophistication and greenery add-on to any indoor space, and people who love plants and interior decorators both seem to be embracing it.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Fiddle Leaf Fig has big, shiny leaves with noticeable veins resembling a fiddle or violin.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">When given all that it wants, it can reach 6 feet (1.8 meters) or even more, making it a remarkable focal point in any room. During the growing season, new leaves come out in a bright green shade, while the older ones may get a bit darker. But, be careful! A lot of direct sun can burn the leaves, so make sure to find the right balance of light for it to grow best.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Overall, the Fiddle Leaf Fig can be a demanding plant that dramatically reacts to any changes in its care, but with consistency and attention, it can be a centerpoint of any space.</p> {"Light":"Fiddle Leaf Figs require bright, indirect light to flourish. A location near a south- or east-facing window is ideal, where they can receive filtered sunlight for several hours a day. Avoid direct, intense midday sun, as it may scorch the leaves, and rotate the plant regularly to promote even growth.","Watering":"Fiddle Leaf Figs require a consistent but moderate watering routine. Water thoroughly when the top 2–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil feels dry. Ensure excellent drainage to prevent root rot, a common issue. Reduce watering frequency during the winter months when growth slows down. Always use room-temperature water to avoid shocking the roots.\n","Soil":"A well-draining, aerated soil mix is essential. A quality indoor potting mix with added perlite, bark, or coconut coir works well. Avoid heavy soils that retain too much moisture, as this may promote fungal and root problems.\n","Temperature":"These tropical plants prefer temperatures between 18°C to 26°C (65°F to 79°F). They are sensitive to cold drafts and sudden temperature changes, so they should be kept away from open windows, air conditioners, or heaters. Exposure to temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can lead to leaf drop and stress.","Humidity":"Fiddle Leaf Figs prefer moderate to high humidity levels (40–60%). If your indoor environment is dry—especially in winter—use a humidifier or regularly mist the leaves. Brown leaf edges are often a sign of low humidity or inconsistent watering.\n","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 or 3-1-2 NPK). Avoid fertilizing during dormancy in fall and winter, as the plant’s nutrient requirements decline.\n","Pruning":"Prune to remove damaged or diseased leaves and to shape the plant, encouraging bushier growth. Use sterilized, sharp scissors or pruners and avoid removing more than 10–15% of the foliage at a time to reduce stress. Pinching back the top encourages branching.\n","Propagation":"Fiddle Leaf Figs can be propagated via stem cuttings taken in spring or early summer. Cut a healthy stem just below a node, let it callous for a few hours, and then root it in water or moist soil. Rooting can take several weeks and requires patience and humidity.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans and Pets:<br>\n\nFicus lyrata is toxic to humans, cats, and dogs due to its milky latex sap, which contains several irritating and potentially harmful compounds. <br>\n\n_In Humans: <br>\n\nContact with the sap may cause: <br>\n\t•\tSkin irritation or dermatitis <br>\n\t•\tEye irritation if exposed <br>\n\t•\tOral and throat discomfort if ingested <br>\n\n_Ingestion can lead to: <br>\n\t•\tBurning sensation in the mouth or throat <br>\n\t•\tNausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain <br>\n\t•\tSwelling of lips, tongue, or oral cavity in sensitive individuals <br>\n\nThose with latex allergies may experience an enhanced reaction. Always wear gloves when pruning or repotting. <br>\n\n\n_In Pets (Cats and Dogs): <br>\n\nIf a cat or dog chews on the leaves or stems, symptoms may include: <br>\n\t•\tExcessive drooling <br>\n\t•\tOral pain or pawing at the mouth <br> \n\t•\tVomiting <br> \n\t•\tDecreased appetite <br> \n\t•\tSwelling of the mouth or tongue <br> \n\nAlthough not usually life-threatening, ingestion can cause distress. Veterinary attention is recommended, especially if symptoms persist. <br> \n\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br> \n\t•\tFicin – A proteolytic enzyme that can irritate skin and mucous membranes. <br> \n\t•\tFurocoumarins – Can cause photosensitivity and dermal irritation. <br> \n\t•\tCalcium oxalate crystals (in some ficus species) – May contribute to oral irritation and swelling. <br> \n\t•\tLatex sap – A milky secretion containing multiple allergenic proteins and irritants. <br> \n\n\nPrecautionary Advice: <br> \n\t•\tKeep out of reach of pets and small children. <br> \n\t•\tAvoid ingestion and contact with eyes or broken skin. <br> \n\t•\tAlways wear gloves when trimming, repotting, or handling broken leaves or stems. <br> \n\t•\tWash hands and tools thoroughly after contact with sap. <br> \n\t•\tIn case of exposure, rinse the affected area with plenty of water. For eye contact or allergic reaction, seek medical attention. <br> "}
Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum) Asparagaceae

9 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Chlorophytum comosum is a plant that is popular among beginners because it's easy to grow. It also has air-purifying abilities, so it can perfectly adapt to your house conditions and interior style as well.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Chlorophytum comosum (Spider ivy, Ribbon plant) is an evergreen perennial plant. This species is native mainly to Africa, but you can also find it growing wildly in Western Australia and other tropical places. It has tuberous roots, beautiful narrow leaves, and white flowers that are produced in ramose inflorescence. The inflorescence carries plantlets from which the adventitious roots develop further.</p> {"Light":"Spider Plants prefer bright, indirect light but can also tolerate low-light conditions. While they will grow more vigorously in well-lit areas, direct sunlight should be avoided, as it can cause leaf scorching and fading of the variegated patterns.\n","Watering":"\nSpider Plants prefer consistently moist but not soggy soil. Water thoroughly when the top 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) of soil feels dry. They are relatively drought-tolerant but will thrive with regular watering. Avoid overwatering, as it can lead to root rot. They may also develop brown tips if watered with high-fluoride or heavily chlorinated water.","Soil":"A well-draining, peat-based potting mix works best. Spider Plants are not particularly picky about soil type as long as it provides good aeration and drainage. Adding perlite or coarse sand improves drainage.\n","Temperature":"The ideal temperature range for Spider Plants is 18°C to 24°C (65°F to 75°F). They are sensitive to cold drafts and should be protected from temperatures below 10°C (50°F), which may cause stress and leaf damage.","Humidity":"Spider Plants tolerate average indoor humidity levels but appreciate slightly higher humidity, especially in dry, heated environments. Occasional misting or using a humidity tray can help keep leaf tips from browning.","Fertilization":"Feed the plant monthly during the growing season (spring through early fall) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 or 20-20-20). Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can cause leaf tip burn.\n","Pruning":"Trim back dead, discolored, or brown-tipped leaves as needed to maintain a neat appearance. You may also prune spiderettes if they become too numerous or to encourage more compact growth.\n","Propagation":"Spider Plants are one of the easiest houseplants to propagate. Their baby plantlets (spiderettes) can be rooted in either water or moist soil. Simply snip the offshoot and place it in its own container once roots have formed.\n","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans and Pets:<br>\n\nChlorophytum comosum is considered non-toxic to both humans and animals, including cats and dogs. It is safe to grow in households with pets and children. <br>\n\n\n\n\n_In Pets (Especially Cats): <br>\n\n\nAlthough Spider Plants are not poisonous, they contain chemical compounds with mild hallucinogenic effects—specifically compounds similar to opiates—which may be appealing to cats. As a result, some cats may chew on the foliage excessively, which can cause: <br>\n\n\t•\tMild gastrointestinal upset <br>\n\n\t•\tVomiting <br>\n\n\t•\tDiarrhea <br>\n\n\nThese symptoms are typically mild and resolve on their own, but it’s still a good idea to limit frequent chewing behavior to prevent plant damage or GI irritation.\n\n\n_In Humans: <br>\n\n\nThere is no known toxic effect from touching or ingesting Spider Plants for humans. They are considered safe and non-irritating, even to sensitive individuals or children. <br>\n\n\n\n\nToxic Compounds (in trace, non-harmful amounts): <br>\n\n\t•\tSaponins – naturally occurring chemicals found in small quantities that may contribute to minor GI irritation if ingested in large amounts. <br>\n\n\t•\tOpiate-like compounds (in trace levels) – responsible for the plant’s attraction to cats. <br>\n\n\n\n\n_Precautionary Advice: <br>\n\n\nWhile Spider Plants are largely safe, consider the following: <br>\n\n\t•\tIf you have a curious cat, place the plant in a hanging basket or elevated location. <br>\n\n\t•\tUse filtered or distilled water if you notice brown tips caused by fluoride/chlorine buildup. <br>\n\n\t•\tAlways wash your hands after handling soil or pruning, for general hygiene. <br>\n\n"}
Dieffenbachia maculata (Dieffenbachia seguine) Araceae

10 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Dieffenbachia Maculata is a popular leafy plant that usually serves as a decoration for home or office. Its unique leaf pattern enchants plant lovers; however, you should be cautious when growing this greenie as all parts of Dieffenbachia are toxic to humans and pets.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Commonly known as Dieffenbachia Maculata or Dumb Cane, Dieffenbachia seguine is a perennial member of the Araceae family. This leafy plant is native to tropical rainforests of the Caribbean and South America. In its natural habitat, the plant can grow up to 6-10 ft (2-3 m), but as a houseplant, it can reach only 1-3 ft (30 cm-1 m) in height. The plant has broad ovate-shaped green foliage with a unique light pattern. The leaves can reach up to 12 in (30 cm) in length. Despite the plant's toxicity, the foliage is very gentle to the touch, and it can wilt easily if the humidity level in the dwelling is low.</p> {"Light":"Dieffenbachia prefers bright, indirect light, but it can also tolerate low-light conditions, making it suitable for shaded corners or office spaces. Avoid direct sunlight, which can bleach or scorch the leaves.","Watering":"Water the plant when the top 2–4 cm (1–1.5 inches) of soil feels dry. Keep the soil evenly moist, but not soggy. Overwatering may lead to root rot, while underwatering can cause leaf tips to brown. Reduce watering in winter when growth slows.","Soil":"Use a well-draining, peat-based potting mix enriched with perlite or orchid bark for aeration. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.1–7.0) is ideal.\n","Temperature":"Ideal temperatures range between 18°C and 27°C (65°F to 80°F). Exposure to temperatures below 15°C (59°F) may cause slowed growth or leaf yellowing. Avoid drafts and sudden temperature fluctuations.","Humidity":"As a tropical plant, Dieffenbachia enjoys moderate to high humidity (50–70%). If the air is too dry, the leaves may develop brown edges. Use a humidifier or pebble tray if needed.\n","Fertilization":"This leafy greenie would benefit from a regular balanced extra feeding. Nourish Dieffenbachia monthly with a diluted to the half-recommended dose 20-20-20 NPK fertilizer during the spring-summer growing season. The plant shouldn't be fertilized in fall and winter.","Pruning":"Spring is the best time for pruning Dumb Cane. Remove the damaged or yellowed foliage with a sterile pruning tool. As the plant matures, the lower leaves turn brown, and it's a good practice to pinch them off. If the plant has grown too tall, simply prune it, leaving a 6 in (15 cm) tall stem.","Propagation":"The quickest way to propagate Dumb Cane Plant is through stem cutting. Choose a healthy branch and cut it at a 45-degree angle in spring or summer. Remove the lower leaves and put the stem in a pot filled with moist soil or water. Keep it in a bright location until the stem roots within a few weeks. Plant the Young Dieffenbachia in a desired location under indirect light.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans and Pets:<br>\n\nDieffenbachia is highly toxic to both humans and animals. All parts of the plant contain calcium oxalate crystals and proteolytic enzymes, which can cause severe oral and dermal reactions.\n\n\n\n_In Humans:<br>\n\nContact with the sap can cause: <br>\n\n\t•\tPainful burning and swelling of the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat if ingested. <br>\n\n\t•\tTemporary inability to speak (hence the name “Dumb Cane”). <br>\n\n\t•\tExcessive salivation, drooling, and difficulty swallowing. <br>\n\n\t•\tSkin irritation, redness, or rash if the sap contacts broken skin or eyes. <br>\n\n\nIngestion is especially dangerous to children and may result in: <br>\n\n\t•\tThroat closure or airway obstruction <br>\n\n\t•\tNausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort <br>\n\n\t•\tIn rare, severe cases, hospitalization may be required. <br>\n\n\n\n\nIn Pets (Cats and Dogs): <br>\n\n\nDieffenbachia is highly toxic to cats and dogs. Ingesting even a small amount can cause: <br>\n\n\t•\tOral irritation, burning, and swelling of the mouth and throat <br>\n\n\t•\tDrooling and pawing at the mouth <br>\n\n\t•\tVomiting and lack of appetite <br>\n\n\t•\tDifficulty breathing in severe cases <br>\n\n\nVeterinary care is recommended if ingestion is suspected. <br>\n\n\n\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\n\t•\tCalcium oxalate crystals (raphides): Needle-like crystals that cause mechanical injury to tissues. <br>\n\n\t•\tProteolytic enzymes (e.g., dumbcain): Exacerbate inflammation and tissue damage by breaking down proteins. <br>\n\n\t•\tAsparagine: Can irritate mucous membranes. <br>\n\n\n\n\nPrecautionary Advice: <br>\n\n\t•\tKeep out of reach of children and pets. <br>\n\n\t•\tAvoid direct contact with sap. <br>\nWear gloves when pruning or repotting. <br>\n\n\t•\tWash hands thoroughly after handling the plant. <br>\n\n\t•\tIn case of oral exposure, rinse the mouth immediately and seek emergency medical or veterinary help. <br>\n\n\t•\tEye contact requires immediate flushing with water and medical attention.<br>\n"}
Jade Plant (Crassula ovata) Crassulaceae

11 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Jade Plant or Crassula is a popular indoor plant that belongs to the Crassula family. The leaves of this succulent look like small green minerals, hence its common name.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Crassula is a shrub with fleshy round or oval deep green leaves. It is a flowering species; it blooms with tiny white inflorescences. However, it is extremely rare, occurring only in the first 6-10 years of the life of the plant with proper care.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">In its natural environment, the plant grows in the arid regions of South Africa, Madagascar, and the Arabian Peninsula.</p> {"Light":"The Jade Plant thrives in bright, indirect light to full sun. At least 4–6 hours of sunlight per day helps it maintain compact, upright growth and vivid leaf color. If grown indoors, placing it near a south- or west-facing window is ideal.\n","Watering":"Allow the soil to dry completely between waterings. Overwatering is the most common cause of root rot in Jade Plants. Water thoroughly when the top 5 cm (2 inches) of soil are dry, and reduce watering during the winter dormancy period.\n","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining, gritty cactus or succulent mix. A pH between 6.0 and 7.0 is ideal. Amending regular potting soil with sand, perlite, or pumice improves drainage.\n","Temperature":"Optimal temperature ranges between 18–24°C (65–75°F). It tolerates short periods of cooler temperatures down to 10°C (50°F), but should be protected from frost.\n","Humidity":"Jade Plants do well in average indoor humidity levels (30–50%). They are adapted to dry environments and do not require supplemental humidity.\n","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a diluted balanced or low-nitrogen fertilizer (e.g., 10-20-10). Do not fertilize during the fall and winter.","Pruning":"Prune in early spring to shape the plant, encourage branching, and remove leggy or dead growth. Pinching off new leaf tips can help create a fuller appearance.","Propagation":"The easiest way to propagate Jade Plant is via leaf cuttings. Break off a succulent leaf and let it dry on a paper towel or newspaper for a few days. Then, moisten a two-inch pot with a rooting medium and position the cutting at a 30 degree angle, just slightly covered with sand or peat and sand mix. Keep the pot in a warm, sunny place and lightly water whenever the top quarter-inch (0.5 cm) of the medium dries out. Roots should develop in two to three weeks, and little plantlets will emerge from the base of the cutting.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans and Pets:<br>\n\nCrassula ovata is considered mildly to moderately toxic to pets and potentially irritating to humans if ingested or if sap comes in contact with skin or eyes. <br>\n\n\n\nIn Humans: <br>\n\nToxicity in humans is rare and typically mild. However: <br>\n\t•\tIngestion of leaves may cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea in sensitive individuals or young children. <br>\n\t•\tSkin contact with sap can occasionally cause dermatitis or irritation, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin or open wounds. <br>\n\n\n\nIn Pets (Cats and Dogs): <br>\n\n-The Jade Plant is toxic to cats and dogs. <br> Common symptoms of ingestion include: <br>\n\t•\tVomiting <br>\n\t•\tDepression or lethargy <br>\n\t•\tLoss of coordination <br>\n\t•\tIn rare cases, bradycardia(slowed heart rate) or tremors <br>\n\nPrompt veterinary attention is advised if a pet ingests any part of the plant. <br>\n\n\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\n\nWhile the exact compounds are not fully understood, the suspected toxic principles include: <br>\n\t•\tUnknown alkaloids <br>\n\t•\tSaponins (which may contribute to gastrointestinal upset) <br>\n\t•\tPossibly aromatic compounds or irritant oxalates, although no calcium oxalate crystals are documented in this species <br>\n\n\n_Precautionary Advice: <br>\n\t•\tKeep out of reach of pets and small children. <br>\n\t•\tUse gloves when pruning to avoid sap exposure. <br>\n\t•\tEnsure good hand hygiene after handling. <br>\n\t•\tIf ingestion occurs, monitor for symptoms and seek medical or veterinary care if needed. <br>\n"}
Flamingo Lily (Anthurium andraeanum) Araceae

12 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Anthurium andreanum has these really bright flowers that pop against the dark green leaves. People love keeping it inside as a houseplant because it looks so exotic and almost not real.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Flamingo Lily, also known as Anthurium Andre or Flamingo Flower, is a real exotic beauty that belongs to the Araceae family. It's got these glossy, spiral, and heart-shaped leaves, but the real star of the show is its bright red flowers with green to bright yellow spadix. They're just captivating! This evergreen flowering shrub can grow up to 12-20 inches tall (30-50 cm). It can bloom all year round, and each blooming time usually lasts for 2-3 months.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Avoid direct sun, which can scorch the leaves and flowers. It can tolerate lower light conditions but will bloom less frequently.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top 2–4 cm (1–1.5 inches) of soil feel dry. Reduce watering in winter. Avoid letting the roots sit in water to prevent root rot.","Soil":"Prefers a light, well-draining soil mix rich in organic matter. A blend of peat moss, orchid bark, and perlite or coco coir works well. Soil pH should be slightly acidic (around 5.5–6.5).\n","Temperature":"Thrives in warm environments, ideally between 20–28°C (68–82°F). It should not be exposed to temperatures below 15°C (59°F) and must be protected from drafts and cold windows.\n","Humidity":"Requires high humidity (60–80%) to thrive. Mist the leaves regularly, place a humidifier nearby, or use a pebble tray to maintain adequate air moisture—especially in dry indoor environments.\n","Fertilization":"Feed every 6–8 weeks during spring and summer using a diluted balanced liquid fertilizer (e.g., 20-20-20) or one formulated for flowering houseplants. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can cause salt buildup.\n","Pruning":"Prune spent flowers and yellow or damaged leaves to maintain plant health and encourage new growth. Use sterilized tools to prevent infection.\n","Propagation":"Commonly propagated through division during repotting or by carefully removing and potting up offshoots. Stem cuttings can also be rooted in water or moist soil under high humidity.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans and Pets: <br>\n\nThe Flamingo Lily is toxic to both humans and animals (cats, dogs) due to the presence of calcium oxalate crystals. <br>\n\n\n_In Humans: <br>\n\t•\tIngestion of any part of the plant may result in intense mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal irritation, including: <br>\n\t•\tBurning sensation of the lips, tongue, and throat <br>\n\t•\tDifficulty swallowing <br>\n\t•\tNausea and vomiting <br>\n\t•\tContact with the sap can cause skin irritation or rash, especially in individuals with sensitive skin or allergies. <br>\n\t•\tEye exposure may cause irritation or temporary discomfort. <br>\n\n\n\n_In Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\n\nSymptoms of toxicity in animals include: <br>\n\t•\tOral irritation (pawing at the mouth, drooling) <br>\n\t•\tSwelling of the mouth or tongue <br>\n\t•\tVomiting <br>\n\t•\tDifficulty swallowing <br>\n\t•\tIn rare cases, respiratory distress if large quantities are consumed <br>\n\nVeterinary attention is advised if ingestion is suspected. <br>\n\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tInsoluble calcium oxalate crystals: When chewed or bitten, these needle-like crystals embed into mucous membranes, causing inflammation and pain. <br>\n\t•\tThe sap may also contain other irritant proteins that intensify allergic responses or skin sensitivity. <br>\n\n\n_Precautionary Advice: <br>\n\t•\tKeep out of reach of children and pets. <br>\n\t•\tWear gloves while pruning or handling broken plant parts. <br>\n\t•\tWash hands thoroughly after contact. <br>\n\t•\tUse caution in indoor spaces where accidental ingestion may occur. <br>\n"}
Moth Orchid(Phalaenopsis aphrodite) Orchidaceae

13 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Aphrodite's Phalaenopsis is native from Taiwan to the Philippines in primary and secondary forests, from sea level up to 300 m. It is a medium sized, hot to warm growing, robust, epiphytic with a short, pendulous, robust stem enveloped by imbricating leaf bases and carrying 3 to 5 fleshy or coriaceous, arcuate, pendant, ovate-elliptic, obovate to oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse to subacute, shiny green leaves. The leaves are 20-38 cm long, the upper surface is uniformly dark green and the bottom is purple. Goddess of Fertility blooms from December until April on a lateral, 3' (90 cm) long, racemose or paniculate many flowered inflorescence with small bracts and likes it with shady, humid conditions. The flowers are 6-9 cm in diameter. They exhibit a delicate texture and have an attractive, wide-lobed shape. The flakes of both whorls are white with a cream or green color. The lip is also white and has red and yellow spots. From its end, long, twisted, filamentous appendages grow on both sides.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light. Avoid direct sun, especially midday, which can scorch the leaves. An east- or north-facing window is ideal. In low light conditions, flowering may be reduced or delayed.\n","Watering":"Water once the potting media has nearly dried out, typically every 5–7 days in warm months and 10–14 days in cooler months. Avoid letting water sit in the crown of the plant, which can cause rot. Use room-temperature, filtered, or rainwater if possible.\n","Soil":"Being epiphytic, Phalaenopsis aphrodite requires a well-draining orchid mix, typically consisting of bark, sphagnum moss, charcoal, and perlite. Avoid standard potting soil.\n","Temperature":"Prefers warm, stable temperatures. Ideal daytime temperatures range from 20–27°C (68–80°F), with a nighttime drop to 16–18°C (60–65°F) to encourage blooming. Sudden temperature shifts should be avoided.\n","Humidity":"Enjoys moderate to high humidity, ideally 50–70%. Increase humidity by using a humidifier, humidity tray, or grouping plants together. Ensure adequate air circulation to prevent fungal issues.","Fertilization":"Fertilize every 2–4 weeks during the growing season using a balanced orchid fertilizer (20-20-20 or similar), diluted to half strength. Reduce feeding during winter or after flowering.\n","Pruning":"After blooming, the flower spike can be: <br>\n\t•Cut just above a node to encourage potential reblooming, or <br>\n\t•Removed entirely if it turns brown or dry. <br>\nRemove any dead or yellowing leaves with sterile scissors. <br>\n","Propagation":"Propagation is typically achieved through keiki development (baby plants growing from nodes on a flower spike), although this is less common in species than in hybrids. Keikis can be potted once they develop 2–3 roots of at least 5 cm.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans and Pets: <br>\n\nPhalaenopsis aphrodite is non-toxic to humans, cats, and dogs. This makes it a safe option for households with pets and children. <br>\n\n\n_In Humans: <br>\n\nThere are no known toxic effects from ingestion or skin contact. It is safe to touch, repot, or have around food preparation areas. <br>\n\n\n\n_In Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\n\nPhalaenopsis aphrodite is considered non-toxic by the ASPCA. Ingestion may cause mild stomach upset if a large amount is consumed (like any non-food plant), but no dangerous toxins are present. <br>\n\n\n\nPrecautionary Note: <br>\n\t•\tWhile not poisonous, it’s still advisable to prevent pets from chewing on the plant to protect both the plant and the pet from mechanical irritation or choking. <br>\n\t•\tAlways ensure potting media is free of fertilizers or pesticides that may cause harm if ingested. <br>\n"}
Guiana Chestnut (Pachira aquatica) Malvaceae

14 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The houseplant is native to the tropical areas of South and Central America. In its natural habitat, Pachira aquatica grows in swamps. The plant is known as the best natural air purifier.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This plant is a wetland tree reaching a height of 59 feet (18 m) in the wild. You can grow it as an ornamental plant as well as a houseplant. Kept in small pots, Pachira aquatica stays in a dwarf size. As a houseplant, Malabar Chestnut twines around itself and creates a twisted or braided look.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Malabar Chestnut has glossy palmate leaves with dark visible veins. The leaves resemble a hand with five fingers. The tree produces white flowers and edible nuts. Unfortunately, this plant rarely blooms indoors.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light, though it can tolerate some direct sun or partial shade. Direct intense sunlight, especially during summer, may scorch the leaves.\n","Watering":"Water thoroughly but infrequently. Let the top 2–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil dry out between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, especially in poorly draining containers.\n","Soil":"Requires well-draining, nutrient-rich soil. A peat-based potting mix combined with sand or perlite for aeration is ideal.\n","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is sensitive to cold and should be protected from drafts and temperatures below 10°C (50°F).\n","Humidity":"Enjoys moderate to high humidity. While it can adapt to average household humidity, it benefits from occasional misting, pebble trays, or a humidifier, especially in dry climates or winter heating.","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced liquid fertilizer once a month during the growing season (spring through early fall). Reduce or stop fertilization in winter when growth slows.\n","Pruning":"Regular pruning is necessary to control the size of the plant. We suggest that you prune your tree at the beginning of the growing season - in spring or early summer. This way, your houseplant will have enough time and energy for healing","Propagation":"Use a cutting at least 5-7 inches long for propagation. The cutting should have l or 2 sets of leaves. Apply rooting powders on the cut to encourage new growth.\nYou can also propagate Pachira aquatica from seeds. Prepare a 7-9 inch pot for each seed Ensure that all the containers have a drainage system installed. Before planting the seeds, water the pots until the growing media is completely saturated","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\n\nPachira aquatica is non-toxic to humans. However, it is not considered edible as a houseplant. The nuts from wild-grown trees are technically edible when cooked, but the seeds should never be eaten raw, as they may contain alkaloids and saponins that can cause mild toxicity symptoms. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\n\nAccording to ASPCA and other veterinary resources, the Guiana Chestnut is generally non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is considered pet-safe, though consuming large quantities of leaves may lead to mild gastrointestinal upset like vomiting or diarrhea due to fiber content. <br>\n\n\n_Toxic Compounds (in seeds when raw): <br>\n\t•\tCyanogenic glycosides: <br> Present in trace amounts in raw seeds, can produce cyanide when metabolized. Cooking deactivates this. <br>\n\t•\tSaponins: Found in many parts of the plant; generally mild irritants. <br>\n\n_Precautionary Notes: <br>\n\t•\tWhile the plant is largely safe, avoid raw seed consumption, particularly in large quantities. <br>\n\t•\tKeep out of reach of curious pets to avoid leaf damage and potential mild digestive upset. <br>"}
Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum) Araceae

15 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The peace lily is a tropical species that is a favorite flowering houseplant. A striking plant when used in mass display, the peace lily blooms in spring with long-lasting flower stalks that hover gracefully over the foliage. A well-grown peace lily may bloom twice a year, resulting in several months of flowers. The plant has glossy oval leaves with points that emerge from the soil.Peace lilies are indisputably terrific as houseplants. Small varieties look attractive on a tabletop and bigger ones can occupy a nice-sized spot on the floor. They filter more indoor pollutants than most other plants, so are great for bedrooms or other frequented rooms. Inside the tropical plant's pores, toxic gases like carbon monoxide and formaldehyde are broken down and neutralized. Peace lily can also be grown outdoors in warm climates, where it can tower as much as 6 feet high.</p> {"Light":"Peace Lilies prefer medium to bright, indirect light. While they tolerate lower light levels, too little light can reduce flowering. Avoid direct sun, which may scorch the leaves.\n","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry. Peace Lilies are prone to root rot if overwatered, and they may droop dramatically when underwatered—but usually recover quickly after watering.\n","Soil":"Use a well-draining, peat-based potting mix. A mixture of peat, perlite, and pine bark works well for root aeration and moisture retention.\n","Temperature":"Optimal growth occurs between 18–27°C (65–80°F). The plant is sensitive to temperatures below 10°C (50°F), which can cause leaf damage.\n","Humidity":"Peace Lilies prefer high humidity but tolerate average household conditions. They benefit from occasional misting, especially in dry climates or heated rooms.","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer once a month during the growing season (spring through summer). Avoid over-fertilizing, which may cause leaf browning.","Pruning":"Prune yellow or brown leaves at the base to maintain appearance and encourage new growth. Spent blooms can be cut at the base of the stem.\n","Propagation":"Primarily propagated through division. Gently separate rooted clumps from the parent plant during repotting, ensuring each new plant has roots and several leaves.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\n\nThe Peace Lily is mildly toxic to humans, particularly if ingested. It contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause irritation and swelling of the mouth, tongue, and throat. Ingestion may result in symptoms like drooling, difficulty swallowing, nausea, and vomiting. Though rarely dangerous, medical attention is recommended if large quantities are consumed, especially by children. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\n\nPeace Lily is considered toxic to cats and dogs. Ingesting the plant can result in oral irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The toxicity is due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which penetrate mucous membranes and cause intense irritation. It is not the same as true lilies (Lilium spp.), which are far more toxic, especially to cats. <br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tInsoluble Calcium Oxalates: <br> \nSharp crystals that cause mucosal irritation when chewed or swallowed. <br>\n\t•\tSaponins (in small amounts): <br> May contribute to gastrointestinal symptoms. <br>"}
Rubber Plant (Ficus elastica) Moraceae

16 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Check out the Rubber Plant! It's an awesome indoor plant that not only looks great but also purifies the air. Plus, it's tough as nails, so you won't have to worry about killing it.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Rubber Plant, or Ficus elastica, is one of the coolest and most popular houseplants out there. It has huge, oval-shaped leaves that are a deep green color and feel kinda waxy to the touch. When it's fully grown, it can tower up to 6 to 10 feet (1.8-3 meters) tall, making it the center of attention in any room. And the best part? You can watch the leaves change colors throughout the year, adding some extra pizzazz to your home decor. But you should know that inside the leaves and the stem, there is a milky white latex that can burn the skin, so be careful not to touch it with bare hands and don't let pets or children nibble on any part, even a little bit.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. It tolerates some direct morning sun but should be protected from intense afternoon rays, which can scorch its leaves. It can adapt to lower light, though growth will slow and leaves may lose luster.\n","Watering":"Water thoroughly when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry. Allow excess water to drain to avoid root rot. Reduce watering frequency in winter when growth slows.","Soil":"A well-draining, rich potting mix is ideal. A combination of peat moss, pine bark, and perlite or sand works well to support healthy root development.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 18–26°C (65–80°F). Avoid exposing it to drafts or temperatures below 13°C (55°F), which can cause leaf drop.\n","Humidity":"Rubber Plants prefer moderate humidity, but they tolerate average indoor air. If the environment is too dry, misting the leaves or placing a humidity tray nearby can be beneficial.\n","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring through early fall) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. Avoid fertilizing in winter.\n","Pruning":"Prune to maintain shape and control size. Use sterile tools to trim branches just above a node. Pruning can also encourage branching and fuller growth.","Propagation":"Propagation is typically done via stem cuttings. Use healthy semi-woody cuttings and root them in water or soil. Air layering is another effective method for more mature plants.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\n\nThe Rubber Plant is considered mildly toxic to humans. Its sap contains latex and ficin, which can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Ingestion may lead to nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal discomfort, especially in children. Contact with the eyes should be avoided, as it may cause irritation. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\n\nFicus elastica is toxic to cats and dogs. Chewing on the leaves or stems can result in oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and potential diarrhea. The plant’s sap contains proteolytic enzymes and insoluble compounds, which are responsible for its irritant effects. <br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tFicin (a proteolytic enzyme): Causes tissue irritation. <br>\n\t•\tLatex (milky sap): Contains irritating proteins and compounds. <br>\n\t•\tTriterpenoids: May contribute to mild systemic toxicity if ingested. <br>"}
Moth Orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis) Orchidaceae

17 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This beauty is a Southeast Asia native and loves hanging out on trees, sometimes chilling by the ocean. It's not just a seasonal fling - this perennial wonder blooms from autumn to early spring, adding a touch of magic to your indoor space. It's not a needy friend - easy care is its middle name!</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">These orchids feature big, pure white flowers, making a style statement. They're like the supermodels of the orchid world, flaunting their glossy leaves on stems that can reach up to 4 feet (1.2 m). And get this, the flowers last a good few weeks, blessing your eyes and making orchid lovers everywhere swoon.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can burn its leaves, but too little light will prevent blooming. An east-facing window is ideal.\n","Watering":"Water when the potting medium is nearly dry. Typically, once a week is sufficient. Avoid overwatering and ensure excellent drainage to prevent root rot. Never let the plant sit in water.\n","Soil":"Requires a well-aerated orchid mix, typically made of bark, sphagnum moss, perlite, or charcoal. Do not use traditional potting soil, as it retains too much moisture.","Temperature":"Best grown in temperatures between 18–29°C (65–85°F). Nighttime temperatures should not fall below 15°C (59°F). A slight drop in nighttime temperatures can help initiate blooming.\n","Humidity":"Thrives in moderate to high humidity (50–70%). Use a humidity tray, room humidifier, or regular misting if the air is too dry.\n","Fertilization":"Fertilize every 2 weeks during active growth with a diluted orchid fertilizer (1/4 to 1/2 strength). Reduce feeding in winter.","Pruning":"After flowering, you can trim the flower spike just above a node to encourage a secondary bloom. If the spike turns brown, prune it back to the base.\n","Propagation":"Propagation is done via keikis (small offshoots that grow from flower spikes). Once roots are 2–3 inches long, the keiki can be potted separately.\n","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nMoth Orchids are non-toxic to humans. They are safe to grow indoors and pose no poisoning hazard if accidentally touched or ingested. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\n\nPhalaenopsis amabilis is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it one of the few pet-safe orchids. Ingestion may still cause mild stomach upset (e.g., vomiting or diarrhea) due to fiber content or foreign matter but is not considered dangerous or life-threatening. <br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\n\nNone of concern. Unlike many ornamental houseplants, Moth Orchids do not contain alkaloids, saponins, or oxalates that typically cause toxicity.\n"}
Flaming Katy (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) Crassulaceae

18 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">It is an easy-care plant for beginners, which flowers come in many shades, from red to yellow to white, purple, or orange. The glossy, thick leaves of Kalanchoe will also set a green corner in the room, so everything left to do is to find a nice-looking pot for it to be admired In.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Kalanchoe blossfeldiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulacede, native to Madagascar. It has green leaves and a compact, upright growth habit, reaching a height of 12-18 inches (30 - 45 cm). Keep in mind that this plant can be toxic to pets if ingested, so pick a spot that is out of their reach if you have pets around. You will also find it by the name of Christmas Kalanchoe, Florist Kalanchoe, and Madagascar Widow's-Thrill. Flaming Katy has the ability to flower multiple times a year, so you are in for a color show if you decide to add it to your flower-plant collection.</p> {"Light":"Requires bright, indirect sunlight to bloom well. Can tolerate some direct morning or late afternoon sun but avoid harsh midday sun which can scorch leaves.","Watering":"Allow the soil to dry out completely between watering. Water moderately, about once every 7–10 days, reducing frequency in winter. Overwatering can cause root rot.","Soil":"Needs well-draining succulent or cactus potting mix, rich in sand or perlite to ensure excellent drainage.","Temperature":"Prefers temperatures between 15–25°C (59–77°F). Protect from cold drafts and avoid temperatures below 10°C (50°F) as it is sensitive to frost.","Humidity":"This plant will enjoy arid conditions. Do not mist it. Luckily, it would also thrive in higher humidity if you reduce watering frequency.","Fertilization":"This plant will enjoy arid conditions. Do not mist it. Luckily, it would also thrive in higher humidity if you reduce watering frequency.","Pruning":"There is not much pruning to be done to the plant besides the drying or yellowed leaves to keep it in good shape. You can also deadhead the flowers after blooming so the plant focuses its nutrients on future blooming later in the year.","Propagation":"There are several ways to propagate Kalanchoe blossfeldiana plants, including rooting stem cuttings, division, and leaf cuttings. The first method is relatively easy and allows you to quickly produce new plants that are identical to the mother plant in a short period of time, as compared to other propagation methods. Start by cutting a stem from the mother plant that is at least 3 inches (8cm) long and has at least two sets of leaves. Remove the lower leaves from the stem cutting and dip the cut end in the rooting hormone. Plant the stem cutting in a pot filled with well-draining soil. Water the soil and place the pot in a location with bright, indirect light. Keep the soil moist but not soggy, and mist the leaves daily to increase humidity. After a few weeks, the stem cutting should root and start to grow new leaves. When the plant is established, you can transplant it to a larger pot or outdoor garden, and, just like that, you have a new plant.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\n\nFlaming Katy contains bufadienolides, which can be toxic if ingested in significant amounts. It is generally not harmful through casual contact but ingestion should be avoided, especially by children. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\n\nKalanchoe blossfeldiana is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and in severe cases, heart irregularities. Keep out of reach of pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\nContains cardiac glycosides (bufadienolides), which affect heart function."}
Dragon Tree (Dracaena reflexa angustifolia) Asparagaceae

19 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Dracaena Marginata is an evergreen perennial plant that attracts attention with its original long leaves that have a glossy bright color.<br></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Dracaena Marginata is a large plant species in the Asparagacee family that can have many variations in size and color. It is a slow-growing tree or shrub whose adult plants reach 10 ft. 4.5-6 (3 m.). It has thin, narrow, and knife-like shaped leaves, which appear when the first stems begin to grow on the trunk. It usually grows on the island of Madagascar and, over time, has become a common indoor plant.</p> {"Light":"The Dragon Tree thrives best in bright, indirect light conditions where it can develop vibrant foliage and maintain healthy growth. While it tolerates lower light environments, such as shaded corners or offices, prolonged insufficient light can cause slower growth and duller leaf coloration. Direct exposure to harsh sunlight, especially during midday, can lead to leaf scorch, manifesting as brown tips or patches, so filtered light or placement near east- or north-facing windows is recommended.","Watering":"Dragon Tree prefers a moderate watering regimen. Water the plant thoroughly when the top 2–3 centimeters (approximately 1 inch) of soil feels dry to the touch, allowing excess water to drain completely. Overwatering or letting the plant sit in soggy soil increases the risk of root rot, which is a common problem with Dracaenas. During the colder months or winter dormancy, reduce watering frequency as the plant’s water needs decline. Always ensure the pot has drainage holes to prevent water accumulation.","Soil":"A well-draining, fertile potting medium is essential for Dragon Tree health. An ideal soil mix includes components such as peat moss, pine bark, and perlite or coarse sand to provide aeration and moisture retention without waterlogging. Avoid heavy, compacted soils or traditional garden soil that retain excessive moisture, which can suffocate roots.","Temperature":"This plant prefers warm, stable indoor temperatures ranging between 18 to 27°C (65 to 80°F). It does not tolerate cold drafts or sudden temperature drops below 12°C (54°F), which can cause leaf damage and stunt growth. Keeping the Dragon Tree away from air conditioners, heaters, or drafty windows ensures a healthy environment conducive to continuous growth.","Humidity":"Although Dracaena reflexa angustifolia tolerates average indoor humidity levels, it appreciates occasional misting, especially in dry environments or heated indoor spaces during winter. Using a humidity tray or a room humidifier can help maintain the moisture level in the air, preventing leaf browning at the tips caused by dryness.","Fertilization":"Fertilize monthly during the active growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half the recommended strength. This supports healthy leaf development and vibrant coloration. Avoid fertilizing during the plant’s dormant period in fall and winter, as excessive nutrients can stress the plant or cause fertilizer burn.","Pruning":"Regular pruning helps maintain the Dragon Tree’s shape and promotes bushier, fuller growth. Remove any yellowing, damaged, or dead leaves by cutting them off at the base with sterilized scissors or pruning shears. Stems can be trimmed to control height or encourage branching. Pruning can also help rejuvenate older plants that may become leggy or sparse over time.","Propagation":"Propagation is commonly done through stem cuttings. Select a healthy, mature stem and cut a 10–15 cm (4–6 inch) section, preferably with a few leaf nodes. Allow the cutting to dry and callous for a day to reduce the risk of rot, then plant it in moist, well-draining soil or place it in water to encourage root development. Once roots form, transplant the cutting into a pot with suitable soil. This method is relatively simple and effective, allowing gardeners to expand their collection or replace older plants.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nDragon Tree contains saponins, natural compounds that can cause mild irritation or gastrointestinal discomfort if ingested in significant amounts. It is considered mildly toxic to humans, so ingestion should be avoided. Casual handling typically poses no risk. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nLike many Dracaena species, the Dragon Tree is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can lead to symptoms such as vomiting, excessive drooling, weakness, loss of appetite, and in severe cases, more serious health issues. Prompt veterinary care is necessary if pets consume any part of the plant. <br>\n\n-Toxic Compounds: <br>\nThe plant contains saponins, which are responsible for its toxic effects on pets and mild irritation in humans."}
Thanksgiving Cactus (Schlumbergera truncata) Cactaceae

20 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Known as Crab Cactus, Holiday Cactus, or Winter Cactus, Schlumbergera truncata is native to the mountains of Brazil. It's a representative of the Cactacee family. It boasts beautiful pink flowers that appear closer to the winter holidays.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This cactus is relatively easy to care for and propagate, so it is suitable for plant-loving beginners.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light. Avoid intense direct sunlight which can cause stem bleaching or burning. Partial shade is ideal especially in summer.","Watering":"Keep soil evenly moist during active growth (spring to fall), watering when the top 1–2 cm of soil feels dry. Reduce watering after flowering and during dormancy in winter to prevent root rot.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining potting mix formulated for epiphytic cacti or succulents, often a blend of peat, sand, and perlite or orchid bark to provide aeration and prevent waterlogging.","Temperature":"Prefers moderate indoor temperatures between 15–24°C (59–75°F). Cooler nights around 10–13°C (50–55°F) help stimulate flowering. Protect from frost and drafts.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity (40–60%). Average household humidity is usually sufficient, but misting can help in very dry environments.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season with a balanced, diluted fertilizer formulated for cacti and succulents. Avoid fertilizing during the dormancy period.","Pruning":"Prune after flowering to shape the plant and encourage branching. Pinch or cut segments to maintain compact growth.","Propagation":"This cactus is easy to propagate by cuttings. To do this, you need to separate part of the plant manually. The cutting must consist of several segments. Then place it in moist soil and wait for new roots to appear. During rooting, Thanksgiving Cactus may produce aerial roots; this is normal.","Poisonous":" ✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\n\nThanksgiving Cactus is considered non-toxic to humans and safe to handle and keep indoors. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\n\nGenerally non-toxic to cats and dogs; however, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea. Keep pets from chewing on the plant. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\nNo significant toxic compounds reported."}
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Solanaceae

21 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Tomato is a delicious and healthy vegetable. There are many types of this plant. Some of them can even be grown at home. However, these plants often grow in open ground or in a greenhouse. You need to remember that growing Tomato is not easy, even though this plant is so popular.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Initially, a vegetable from the Solanacee family, habitual to the whole world, lived only in South America. Now Tomato is known all over the world. There are more than three thousand types of tomatoes. All of them differ in appearance and taste. Plant height from 11 in (27 cm) to 7 ft (2 m). During flowering, small inflorescences appear. Most often, they are yellow. The fruits are usually red, pink, or yellow. However, this plant also has orange, red-green, and black fruits.</p> {"Light":"Tomatoes require full sun, meaning at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Adequate light is crucial for healthy growth, flowering, and fruit production.","Watering":"Tomatoes need consistent moisture but dislike waterlogged soil. Water deeply and regularly, especially during flowering and fruiting stages, aiming to keep soil evenly moist. Mulching helps retain soil moisture and reduce evaporation.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter with a slightly acidic to neutral pH of 6.0–7.0. Good aeration and moisture retention are important.","Temperature":"Optimal growing temperatures range from 21–27°C (70–80°F) during the day and 15–21°C (59–70°F) at night. Temperatures below 10°C (50°F) or above 32°C (90°F) can negatively impact growth and fruit set.","Humidity":"Tomatoes tolerate a wide range of humidity but perform best in moderate humidity levels (40–70%). High humidity may increase risk of fungal diseases, so good air circulation is essential.","Fertilization":"Tomatoes are heavy feeders; apply a balanced fertilizer at planting and side-dress with nitrogen-rich fertilizer during early growth. During flowering and fruiting, use fertilizers higher in phosphorus and potassium to support fruit development.","Pruning":"Prune suckers (the small shoots between main stem and branches) to encourage stronger main stems and better fruit production, especially in indeterminate varieties. Remove yellowing or diseased leaves promptly.","Propagation":"Tomatoes are propagated primarily by seeds. Seeds germinate best at 20–25°C (68–77°F). Transplant seedlings when they have 2–3 true leaves. Some varieties can be propagated by cuttings but this is less common.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nWhile the ripe fruit of the tomato plant is edible and widely consumed, other parts of the plant such as leaves, stems, and green (unripe) fruits contain toxic alkaloids (solanine and tomatine) which can cause gastrointestinal distress if ingested in large amounts. <br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nTomato plants are toxic to cats and dogs if they ingest green parts of the plant, including leaves and unripe fruit. Symptoms may include vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and lethargy. <br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\nContains alkaloids such as solanine and tomatine mainly in leaves and green fruit."}
Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Lamiaceae

22 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Basil is a wonderful combination of a beautiful plant and a pleasant aroma. It will definitely come in handy in the kitchen as a flavoring for various dishes. However, remember that it is a little finicky and not easy to care for.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Basil is a herbaceous plant from the Lamiaceae family. It originates from South Asia, but today, it can be found in any country with a warm and humid climate. Basil reaches a length of 15-28 inches (40-70 centimeters) and has a straight, leafy stem. Depending on the color of the leaves, the plant has a different color of flowers. Green basil has white flowers, while purple basil often has red or pink flowers.</p> {"Light":"Basil thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day. While it can tolerate partial sun, full exposure is essential for the development of its strong aroma and optimal leaf production. In indoor settings, place basil near a bright, south-facing window or under a full-spectrum grow light.","Watering":"Basil requires consistent moisture, but it should never sit in soggy soil. Water thoroughly when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry. In hot weather or containers, watering may be needed daily. Avoid wetting the leaves to reduce the risk of fungal diseases such as downy mildew. Ensure pots have adequate drainage holes.","Soil":"Grows best in well-drained, fertile, and slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0–7.5). Enrich the soil with organic compost or well-rotted manure. In containers, use a high-quality potting mix with good aeration. Heavy clay soils should be amended or avoided.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 20–30°C (68–86°F). Basil is extremely sensitive to cold; temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can cause damage, and frost will kill the plant. In cooler climates, it is typically grown as a warm-season annual. Protect from cold drafts and sudden temperature drops if grown indoors.","Humidity":"Basil prefers moderate to high humidity (50–70%), especially indoors. In dry climates or during winter when indoor air becomes dry, use a humidity tray or mist the plant lightly in the morning. However, excessive moisture on the leaves can promote fungal infections, so ensure good air circulation.","Fertilization":"Basil is a moderate feeder. Feed every 3–4 weeks with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 or 5-10-5) during active growth. Organic options like compost tea or fish emulsion are also beneficial. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can reduce flavor intensity and essential oil concentration in the leaves.","Pruning":"Regular pruning encourages bushier growth and delays flowering. Begin pinching off the top pairs of leaves once the plant reaches 15 cm (6 inches) tall. Remove flower buds as they form to prolong leaf production, as flowering reduces leaf flavor. You can also harvest by cutting stems above a node (leaf pair).","Propagation":"Basil can be propagated easily from seeds or cuttings:<br>\n\t•Seeds: Start indoors 4–6 weeks before the last frost or sow directly after frost danger has passed. Germination takes 5–10 days at 21–27°C (70–80°F).<br>\n\t•Cuttings: Place 10–15 cm (4–6 inch) stem cuttings in water or moist soil. Roots will develop in 7–10 days. Transplant when the roots are well-formed.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nBasil is non-toxic to humans and widely consumed fresh or dried. While generally safe, extremely high doses of basil or basil oil over time may pose health concerns due to estragole, a natural compound with potential carcinogenic effects in very large quantities. <br>\n\t•Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nBasil is non-toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion of small amounts is safe, although large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea in sensitive pets.\n\t•\tToxic Compounds: <br>\nContains essential oils including linalool, eugenol, and estragole. These compounds are beneficial in small amounts and contribute to basil’s medicinal and culinary properties."}
Chinese Money Plant (Pilea peperomioides) Urticaceae

23 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Chinese money plant is an adorable addition to any interior with its unusual round leaves.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The natural habitat of this plant is exclusively found in China, in the southwestern province of Sichuan and the western province of Yunnan. It thrives in woods at elevations ranging from 5000-1000ft (1500 to 3000m) on shaded, wet rocks. It is kept as a garden plant in China and as a houseplant all around the world.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Pilea Peperomioides has round, glossy, leathery, vivid green leaves with a diameter of up to 10 cm. At first, the bush looks quite inconspicuous, forming a small loose rosette consisting of several leaves on long and slender legs. However, over time, its main stem is pulled up and requires support. The plant develops a trunk throughout time, which is covered with leaves from bottom to top with good care. The plant grows quickly, frequently halting when it reaches 30-35 cm in height.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The flowering of Pilea Peperomioides is inconspicuous: small, unisexual, collected in inflorescence brushes located in the axils of the leaves, the flowers of the plants are almost imperceptible.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light. It does best near an east- or west-facing window. While it tolerates some direct morning or late afternoon sun, harsh midday sun can scorch the leaves. In low light, growth becomes leggy, and the plant may lose its symmetrical shape. Rotate the plant regularly to maintain even growth.","Watering":"Allow the top 2–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil to dry out between waterings. Typically, watering once a week is sufficient during the growing season, and less during winter. Overwatering is the most common issue—yellowing or drooping leaves are often signs of excess moisture or poor drainage. Always use pots with drainage holes.","Soil":"Needs well-draining, light potting soil. A general-purpose indoor mix amended with perlite or coarse sand works well. A soil blend that mimics its native forest floor—light, airy, and slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0)—promotes healthy root growth and prevents rot.","Temperature":"Prefers moderate indoor temperatures between 15–24°C (59–75°F). It does not tolerate frost or cold drafts—temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can cause damage. Ideal conditions mimic a mild spring day with good airflow. Avoid placing the plant near radiators, air conditioners, or open windows during winter.","Humidity":"Pilea does well in average household humidity (40–60%). It appreciates a little extra humidity but does not require tropical conditions. In dry indoor environments, occasional misting or placing a humidifier nearby can help, especially in winter when indoor air tends to dry out.","Fertilization":"Feed once a month during spring and summer with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Over-fertilizing can cause leaf discoloration or stunted growth. Suspend feeding during the fall and winter when the plant enters a slower growth phase.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is needed. You can trim off old, yellowing, or damaged leaves at the base to keep the plant tidy. If the plant becomes leggy, cut back the main stem slightly to encourage fuller growth. Regular removal of lower leaves can also reveal the plant’s appealing tree-like form.","Propagation":"One of the easiest houseplants to propagate. The Chinese Money Plant frequently produces “pups” or offsets at the base of the mother plant or along the root system.<br>\n\t•\tAllow pups to grow a few inches tall with several leaves.<br>\n\t•\tUse a clean knife to separate the pup with some roots attached.<br>\n\t•\tReplant in moist, well-draining soil.<br>\nPlants can also be propagated via stem cuttings in water, though offsets are the most reliable method.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nPilea peperomioides is non-toxic to humans and safe to touch or grow indoors, including in homes with children. <br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nSafe for cats and dogs. It is classified as non-toxic by the ASPCA. Though ingestion may cause very mild stomach upset in rare cases (from fibrous plant matter), it is not dangerous or poisonous. <br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of concern. This plant does not contain saponins, oxalates, or alkaloids that are typically associated with houseplant toxicity."}
Chinese Banyan (Ficus microcarpa) Moraceae

24 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Consider inviting the Chinese Banyan to your home for a touch of charm and energy. Shiny, dark green leaves and intricate aerial roots make for a captivating living sculpture.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Chinese Banyan, or Ficus microcarpa, is a really cool indoor plant - it has shiny, emerald-green leaves that stay green all year long. The leaves are smooth and oval-shaped and range in size from 1 to 3 inches (2.5-7.5 cm). It looks really cool when you see the new growth in the spring - it's a vibrant green color. As the seasons change, the leaves mature and become glossy. The plant also has aerial roots that hang down from the branches, which give it a unique look. Over time, the trunk also gets really thick and tree-like, with a twisted texture that makes it look like a living sculpture.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light, but can adapt to a range of lighting conditions from full sun to partial shade. Indoors, place near an east or south-facing window. It tolerates lower light, but growth may slow and leaf drop may occur. Sudden light changes (e.g., moving from low to high light) can shock the plant. Gradually acclimate when changing its position.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil feels dry. Ficus microcarpa prefers slightly moist but not soggy soil. Overwatering is a common issue and can lead to root rot. Reduce watering in winter when growth slows. If leaves start yellowing or falling, check for watering inconsistencies, root stress, or temperature shifts. Always ensure the pot has drainage holes.","Soil":"Grows best in a well-draining, fertile potting mix. A loamy soil amended with sand or perlite works well. For bonsai cultivation, use a specialized bonsai soil with good aeration and drainage. The ideal soil pH is 6.0–7.5, though it tolerates a wide range.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 18–29°C (65–85°F). It is not frost-tolerant and should be protected from temperatures below 12°C (54°F). Sudden drops or exposure to cold drafts can lead to leaf drop. It prefers warm, stable environments and is well-suited for indoor conditions.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity (50–70%), but is adaptable to typical indoor humidity levels. In dry climates or winter months, increase humidity using a pebble tray, room humidifier, or by misting regularly. Brown leaf edges can indicate overly dry air.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) using a balanced liquid fertilizer at half strength. In fall and winter, reduce feeding to once every 6–8 weeks or stop entirely. For bonsai specimens, use a special bonsai fertilizer according to package instructions.","Pruning":"Regular pruning helps maintain shape, encourages bushier growth, and controls size.<br>\nTrim back new growth to maintain a compact form, especially for bonsai or indoor plants.<br>\nRemove any dead, yellowing, or crowded branches.<br>\nYou can also prune aerial roots if undesired indoors.<br>\n\nFicus microcarpa responds well to pruning and can be shaped dramatically, making it ideal for bonsai artistry.","Propagation":"Can be propagated by: <br>\n\t•\tStem cuttings: Take 10–15 cm (4–6 inch) cuttings from healthy branches. Root them in water or moist soil. Roots typically form in 3–6 weeks. <br>\n\t•\tAir layering: A more advanced method where a branch is partially cut and wrapped in moist sphagnum moss until roots form. <br>\n\nSeeds are rarely used in home cultivation due to the difficulty of germination and rarity of viable seed production indoors.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nFicus microcarpa is mildly toxic to humans. The milky sap can irritate the skin or eyes, and ingestion of leaves or stems may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort, especially in children. <br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nToxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can lead to drooling, vomiting, oral irritation, and diarrhea. The toxic reaction is usually mild to moderate, but pets should be prevented from chewing on the plant. <br>\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\nContains ficin and ficusin, found in the sap, which can cause irritation and digestive upset."}
White Bird of Paradise (Strelitzia nicolai) Strelitziaceae

25 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">White Bird of Paradise is an absolute beauty, with its striking giant appearance. Its vibrant white and blue flowers resemble a bird in flight, hence the name.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Strelitzia nicolai is a perennial member of the Strelitziaceae family, originating from the subtropical regions of South Africa. The plant can reach 20-30 ft (6-8 m) in its natural habitat. Grown indoors, it usually reaches around 5 ft (1.5 m) in height.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The plant boasts large, paddle-shaped leaves and distinctive flowers which bloom several times a year. The leaves can grow up to 5'11" in (180 cm) long and produce cracks over their surface with time. It's a sign of a completely healthy plant, as, living in the wild, it needs the wind to blow through the foliage to not bend it to the ground.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light but can tolerate some direct sun. It performs best near south- or west-facing windows indoors. Insufficient light will cause slow growth and fewer leaves, while strong midday sun without acclimation may cause leaf scorch. Outdoors, it prefers filtered sunlight or partial shade in hot climates.","Watering":"Water thoroughly when the top 5 cm (2 inches) of soil feels dry. During spring and summer, water regularly to keep the soil evenly moist—but not soggy. In winter, reduce watering and allow the top layer to dry out more between waterings. Overwatering can cause root rot, especially in containers with poor drainage. Browning leaf tips often indicate inconsistent watering or low humidity.","Soil":"Prefers a rich, well-draining soil mix. A blend of potting soil, perlite, bark, and compost works well. Soil should retain some moisture but not become compacted. Ideal pH is 5.5–7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral). For outdoor planting, amend heavy clay soils with sand or organic matter to improve drainage.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 18–32°C (65–90°F). It is not frost-hardy and should be protected from temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Sudden cold exposure may cause leaf damage or halted growth. Indoors, keep away from cold drafts and ensure consistent warmth.","Humidity":"Thrives in moderate to high humidity (50–70%). In dry indoor environments, especially in winter, boost humidity with a humidifier, pebble tray, or occasional misting. Though it can tolerate average indoor humidity, enhanced moisture supports healthier foliage and prevents browning tips.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during spring and summer with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 or 20-20-20). In fall and winter, reduce feeding to once every 6–8 weeks or stop altogether. For large, mature plants, a slow-release fertilizer can also be used at the beginning of the growing season. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to salt buildup and leaf burn.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning required.<br>\n\t•\tRemove old, damaged, or yellowing leaves at the base.<br>\n\t•\tOccasionally trim off spent flowers and tattered leaves to maintain appearance.<br>\n\t•\tOlder leaves may naturally split due to wind or indoor airflow—this is normal and not a sign of poor health.","Propagation":"Propagated by division of mature clumps. <br>\n\t•\tBest done during repotting in spring. <br>\n\t•\tGently separate a section of rhizome or root mass that includes several stems and healthy roots. <br>\n\t•\tReplant in a suitable container with fresh soil. <br>\n\nPropagation from seed is possible but slow and not commonly done by home growers. Flowering indoors is rare and often only occurs in very large, mature plants.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nStrelitzia nicolai is mildly toxic if ingested. While not highly poisonous, eating large amounts of the plant may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea or vomiting. The sap can also be mildly irritating to the skin and eyes. <br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nToxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion of leaves or flowers may result in mild to moderate symptoms, such as vomiting, drooling, or lethargy. Serious poisoning is rare but pets should be discouraged from chewing on it. <br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\nContains hydrocyanic acid (cyanogenic glycosides) and tannins, which can irritate the digestive tract if consumed."}
Areca Palm (Dypsis lutescens) Arecaceae

26 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Areca Palm, also known as the Butterfly Palm or Golden Cane Palm, is a pretty popular houseplant because it has these really cool feathery fronds and a lush look. The fronds are long and kind of bendy, and they've got lots of these thin, green leaflets. Each frond can grow to be like 6-8 (1.8-2.4 meters) feet long, and the whole plant can get up to 6-8 feet (1.8-2.4 m) tall when you keep it indoors. It's got this tropical feel that can really make any indoor space feel like paradise. The Palm usually stays a nice, vibrant green all year, but the older fronds might turn yellow and fall off as new ones start growing.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate filtered sunlight and partial shade. Direct afternoon sunlight may cause leaf tip burn, while too little light can lead to leggy growth and yellowing fronds. Indoors, place near an east- or south-facing window with sheer curtains. Outdoors, filtered sunlight under taller trees is ideal.","Watering":"Water when the top 5 cm (2 inches) of soil feel dry. Keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Areca Palms are sensitive to overwatering and poorly drained soils, which can lead to root rot. In the growing season (spring and summer), water more frequently. In fall and winter, reduce watering slightly. Use distilled or rainwater when possible—fluoride and salts in tap water can cause leaf tip browning.","Soil":"Grows best in a well-draining, fertile potting mix. A peat-based mix with added perlite or coarse sand provides the right balance of moisture retention and aeration. The ideal soil pH is 6.1–6.5 (slightly acidic). For outdoor planting, amend heavy soils with organic matter.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm, stable temperatures between 18–29°C (65–85°F). Avoid exposure to temperatures below 12°C (54°F), as cold drafts or chills may cause damage. It is not frost-tolerant and must be brought indoors in temperate zones during winter.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity (50–70%). Dry indoor air—especially in winter—can cause brown leaf tips. To maintain humidity:<br>\n\t•\tMist regularly<br>\n\t•\tUse a humidifier<br>\n\t•\tGroup with other plants<br>\n\t•\tPlace the pot on a pebble tray with water (without letting roots sit in water)","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–3 weeks during spring and summer using a diluted, balanced liquid fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10). Use a fertilizer specifically for palms if available, which includes magnesium and micronutrients. Reduce feeding in fall and winter to once every 6–8 weeks. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to salt buildup in the soil and damage the plant.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is needed.<br>\n\t•\tRemove only brown or yellow fronds at the base with clean pruning shears. <br>\n\t•\tAvoid cutting healthy green fronds, as they are essential to the palm’s nutrient storage and energy. <br>\n\t•\tTrim off browning leaf tips if desired for cosmetic reasons, but never cut into the green leaf tissue.","Propagation":"Typically propagated by division of clumps during repotting. <br>\n\t•\tGently remove the plant from its container. <br>\n\t•\tSeparate individual stems or clumps with roots attached. <br>\n\t•\tPot each section in a suitable container with fresh soil. <br>\n\nPropagation from seed is possible but slow and rarely done by home growers.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nDypsis lutescens is non-toxic to humans. It is safe to grow in homes with children and poses no known poisoning risk through contact or accidental ingestion. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nAreca Palm is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it one of the most pet-safe indoor palms. Pets may still chew on the leaves out of curiosity, but it does not contain harmful compounds. <br>\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of concern. It does not contain oxalates, alkaloids, or saponins found in many toxic houseplants."}
Arrowhead Vine (Syngonium podophyllum) Araceae

27 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Check out the Arrowhead Vine - it's a real head-turner with its cool leaf shapes and bright colors. This beauty starts with arrow-shaped leaves that change into a more lobed shape as they grow up. Usually, the leaves are green, but they can also be white or pink or have some cool patterns, adding a pop of color to any room. It grows as a vine and can reach 3-6 feet (90-180 cm) long indoors, and its full leaves stay nice-looking all year round.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but is highly adaptable.Variegated varieties need brighter light to maintain coloration.Can tolerate lower light conditions, though growth may slow, and leaves may turn solid green.Avoid direct sun, which can scorch leaves and fade variegation.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil feel dry.\nKeep the soil evenly moist, especially during the growing season (spring and summer).<br>\nIn winter, reduce watering and allow the soil to dry more between sessions.Avoid overwatering or waterlogged soil, which may lead to root rot.","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining potting mix.\nA standard houseplant soil mix amended with perlite, coco coir, or orchid bark promotes healthy drainage and root aeration.The ideal soil pH is 5.5–6.5 (slightly acidic).","Temperature":"Thrives in warm environments between 16–29°C (60–85°F).Avoid temperatures below 10°C (50°F), as cold exposure can cause leaf damage and stunted growth.\nKeep away from cold drafts, air conditioning vents, or heaters.","Humidity":"Loves moderate to high humidity (50–70%).In dry climates or winter months, use a humidifier, misting, or a pebble tray to increase humidity.Dry air can cause brown tips or crispy leaves, especially in variegated types.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 weeks during spring and summer with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 or 20-20-20).\n\t•\tReduce or stop fertilizing in fall and winter.<br>\n\t•\tAvoid over-fertilizing—excess salts can build up in the soil and damage roots or cause leaf burn.","Pruning":"Prune regularly to:<br>\n\t•\tEncourage bushier growth<br>\n\t•\tControl size<br>\n\t•\tRemove yellowing or dead leaves<br>\n\nPinching back the growing tips helps keep the plant compact and full. Use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears.","Propagation":"Easily propagated via stem cuttings:<br>\n\t•\tTake 10–15 cm (4–6 inch) cuttings with at least one node.<br>\n\t•\tRoot in water or moist potting soil.<br>\n\t•\tRoots typically develop within 2–3 weeks.<br>\n\nThis makes Syngonium a great plant to share or expand your collection.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nSyngonium podophyllum is toxic if ingested. All parts of the plant contain calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause: <br>\n\t•\tBurning or irritation of the mouth, lips, and throat <br>\n\t•\tDifficulty swallowing <br>\n\t•\tStomach upset <br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nToxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion may lead to: <br>\n\t•\tDrooling <br>\n\t•\tOral irritation <br>\n\t•\tVomiting <br>\n\t•\tPawing at the mouth <br>\n\nKeep out of reach of children and pets. <br>\n\t•\tToxic Compounds: <br>\nContains insoluble calcium oxalates, which are sharp crystals that irritate tissues upon contact."}
Swiss Cheese Vine (Monstera adansonii) Araceae

28 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Monsteras are one of the most popular greenies among plant lovers. Monstera adansonii has a more delicate and tiny look compared to its large relative, Monstera deliciosa. Its leaves are also more perforate and soft. It's a fantastic decorative plant for any home or office.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Monstera's trademark are large holes in the leaves the plant develops in maturity. These are completely natural and are the result of a process called fenestration.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Monstera adonisii is native to Central and South America. Its homeland is tropical jungles, where this green beauty grows under the canopy of large trees.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Monstera adonisii is a smaller species that likes to climb like a true vine. As a houseplant, it can grow up to 5ft (1,5m) tall.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light.Can tolerate medium light, but growth will slow and leaf fenestration may reduce.Avoid direct sunlight, which can burn delicate leaves.\nGrow lights are helpful in low-light spaces.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil are dry.Keep soil consistently but lightly moist during the growing season.\nReduce watering in winter.\nAvoid soggy soil, which can lead to root rot.\nEmpty saucers after watering to prevent standing water.","Soil":"Grows best in a rich, airy, and well-draining mix.\nA mix of potting soil, orchid bark, perlite, and coco coir creates ideal aeration and drainage.\nAvoid heavy or compacted soils.Ideal pH range is 5.5–7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral).","Temperature":"Thrives in typical indoor temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F).\nShould not be exposed to temperatures below 12°C (54°F).Avoid cold drafts or sudden temperature fluctuations.","Humidity":"Loves high humidity (60–80%), but will tolerate average home humidity (~40%).<br>\n\t•\tUse a humidifier, regular misting, or a pebble tray to increase moisture.<br>\n\t•\tDry air can lead to crispy leaf edges or browning tips.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (e.g., 20-20-20 or a foliage-boosting formula like 3-1-2). Loves high humidity (60–80%), but will tolerate average home humidity (~40%).<br>\n\t•\tIn fall and winter, reduce feeding to once every 6–8 weeks or stop altogether. Loves high humidity (60–80%), but will tolerate average home humidity (~40%).<br>\n\t•\tAvoid overfeeding, which can cause salt buildup and leaf discoloration.","Pruning":"Prune to: <br>\n\t•\tControl size and shape <br>\n\t•\tRemove yellow or damaged leaves <br>\n\t•\tEncourage branching by pinching back vine tips <br>\n\nUse clean, sharp scissors or shears. Regular pruning helps keep the plant full and encourages new growth","Propagation":"Easily propagated via stem cuttings: <br>\n\t•\tCut below a node (where roots and leaves emerge) <br>\n\t•\tPlace in water or moist soil <br>\n\t•\tRoots develop in 2–4 weeks <br>\n\t•\tOnce rooted, transplant into potting mix <br>\n\nMonstera adansonii is fast-growing and makes a great plant to propagate and share.","Poisonous":" ⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nToxic if ingested. All parts of the plant contain calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause: <br>\n\t•\tMouth irritation <br>\n\t•\tBurning sensation <br>\n\t•\tDifficulty swallowing <br>\n\t•\tUpset stomach <br>\nToxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nToxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion may lead to: <br>\n\t•\tDrooling <br>\n\t•\tVomiting <br>\n\t•\tOral irritation <br>\n\t•\tPawing at the mouth <br>\n\nKeep out of reach of pets and children. <br>\n\t•\tToxic Compounds: <br>\nInsoluble calcium oxalates, which are needle-like crystals that irritate soft tissues on contact."}
Avocado (Persea americana) Lauraceae

29 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Can you name at least one dish that can be associated with the whole generation? If you do, then it's probably Avocado toast because of the meme that millennials buy them, so they can't save money for houses.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Surprisingly, this plant hasn't gotten deserved attention until the XX century. However, they were cultivated in South America even before the Spanish colonization. According to the researchers, the motherland of Avocado is Puebla, a city in South Central Mexico. So as you can guess, Avocado, or the alligator pear, as it is often called due to its color and external texture, is fond of tropical climates. Avocados can be found in Latin America, Indonesia, Haiti, Mediterranean countries, Kenya, Hawaii, Florida, and California. Avocado is also grown in India, mainly in the Kodagu district (Southwest part of the country), mostly called 'butter fruit' due to its buttery texture.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">One of the reasons why Avocado became famous is the popularity of Mexican cuisine; such a dish as guacamole is beloved worldwide. And if you have seen the Netflix show 'Queer Eye; you noticed that almost every recommended recipe includes Avocado because it's tasty and healthy. It's a great source of nutrients since it has a lot of vitamins (E, C, B6), minerals, fiber, magnesium, folate, and healthy fats. It's even helpful in reducing heart-disease risks!</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun to thrive—at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily. <br>\n\t•\tIndoors, place in a south-facing window or under a high-intensity grow light. <br>\n\t•\tWithout enough light, the plant becomes leggy and may develop pale or yellowing leaves. <br>","Watering":"Keep soil evenly moist but not soggy. <br>\n\t•\tWater deeply when the top 5 cm (2 inches) of soil feel dry. <br>\n\t•\tEnsure excellent drainage, as avocados are prone to root rot. <br>\n\t•\tReduce watering frequency in winter or during dormancy. <br>","Soil":"Grows best in loose, fast-draining, sandy or loamy soil. <br>\n\t•\tAvoid heavy clay soils unless amended for drainage. <br>\n\t•\tSoil pH should range from 6.0–6.5 (slightly acidic). <br>\n\t•\tWhen growing in containers, use a citrus or cactus potting mix amended with perlite or bark. <br>","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 18–29°C (65–85°F). <br>\n\t•\tSensitive to frost: temperatures below 0°C (32°F) can cause severe damage or death. <br>\n\t•\tHardy in USDA Zones 9–11. <br>\n\t•\tIf grown in cooler regions, bring the plant indoors during colder months or overwinter in a greenhouse. <br>","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity levels (50–70%), though it’s relatively adaptable. <br>\n\t•\tIn very dry indoor <br> environments, use a humidity tray, room humidifier, or misting to prevent leaf edge browning. <br>\n\t•\tMaintain good air circulation around the plant. <br>","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) every 4–6 weeks during the growing season. <br>\n\t•\tFor young trees: focus on nitrogen-rich fertilizers. <br>\n\t•\tFor mature trees: use a fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc, as avocados are sensitive to zinc deficiency. <br>\n\t•\tStop fertilizing in late fall and winter when growth slows. <br>","Pruning":"Prune young plants to encourage branching and a strong structure. <br>\n\t•\tPinch back leggy growth early on. <br>\n\t•\tFor mature trees, remove dead, damaged, or overcrowded branches annually. <br>\n\t•\tIndoor trees can be pruned to manage height and shape. <br>","Propagation":"Common methods: <br>\n\t1.\tSeed (pit) propagation: <br>\n\t•\tPlace the cleaned seed in water with toothpicks holding it half-submerged. <br>\n\t•\tRoots and shoots appear in 2–6 weeks. <br>\n\t•\tTransplant to soil when 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tall. <br>\n\t•\tPlants grown from seed take 5–13 years to fruit and may not produce true-to-type avocados. <br>\n\t2.\tGrafting (commercial): <br>\n\t•\tEnsures specific cultivar quality and earlier fruiting (3–4 years). <br>\n\t•\tTypically done by nurseries using clonal scions.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nThe fruit (pulp) is non-toxic and highly nutritious. However, other parts of the plant (leaves, bark, skin, and pit) contain persin, which can be mildly toxic in large amounts. <br>\n\t•\tIn humans, ingestion of leaves or pits is not common and rarely causes serious harm, but should be avoided.\n\t⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats, Dogs, Birds, Livestock): <br>\nMildly to moderately toxic, especially to birds, horses, goats, and rabbits. <br>\n\t•\tDogs and cats may experience vomiting or diarrhea if they ingest large amounts of leaves or pits. <br>\n\t•\tBirds and livestock may suffer from respiratory distress, fluid buildup, or heart issues after consuming leaves or bark. <br>\n\t•\tToxic Compounds: <br>\nPersin, a fatty acid derivative found in leaves, skin, bark, and seeds. <br>\n\t•\tNot harmful to humans in small quantities but dangerous to certain animals."}
Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum floribundum) Araceae

30 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Peace lilies are among the most popular houseplants with their graceful yet minimalistic white flowers. They like indirect light and shade, making them ideal for any indoor environments.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Spathiphyllum is a perennial herbaceous evergreen plant. The genus' plants thrive in damp and swampy woodlands, as well as beside rivers and streams.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Representatives of the species can grow to 40 cm tall, with a short stem and oval leaves.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The plant's leaves are vibrant green, glossy, and 15-30 cm long.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">White or cream-colored heads are encircled by a pale green coating- plant blooms from mid-spring to late summer.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in medium to bright, indirect light. <br>\n\t•\tCan adapt to low light <br> environments, making it perfect for offices and shaded rooms. <br>\n\t•\tAvoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves or cause browning. <br>\n\t•\tBrighter light encourages more frequent blooming. <br>","Watering":"<br>\nWater when the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil is dry. <br>\n\t•\tThe Peace Lily is prone to wilting as a drought signal but recovers quickly when watered. <br>\n\t•\tWater thoroughly and allow excess water to drain out; do not let it sit in standing water. <br>\n\t•\tInconsistent watering can cause brown leaf tips or edges. <br>\n\t•\tUse room-temperature water to avoid shocking the roots. <br>","Soil":"\nRequires well-draining, rich potting mix. <br>\n\t•\tIdeal soil: peat-based mix with added perlite or coco coir for aeration. <br>\n\t•\tAvoid compacted soils, which retain too much moisture and promote root rot. <br>\n\t•\tpH should range between 5.5–6.5 (slightly acidic). <br>","Temperature":"Prefers warm indoor conditions between 18–27°C (65–80°F). <br>\n\t•\tSensitive to cold—temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can lead to leaf yellowing and decline. <br>\n\t•\tAvoid cold drafts and sudden temperature changes.","Humidity":"\nThrives in high humidity (50–80%). <br>\n\t•\tIf indoor air is dry (especially in winter), increase humidity with a humidifier, misting, or a pebble tray. <br>\n\t•\tLow humidity can cause crispy brown leaf edges. <br>","Fertilization":"Feed every 6 weeks during the growing season (spring through summer) using a balanced, water-soluble houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength. <br>\n\t•\tOver-fertilizing may result in leaf burn or salt buildup, so flush soil with water every few months. <br>\n\t•\tReduce or stop feeding in the winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"\nRemove faded blooms and yellow or brown leaves at the base with sterile scissors. <br>\n\t•\tRegular pruning encourages healthier growth and maintains a tidy appearance.","Propagation":"\nBest propagated by division: <br>\n\t•\tWhen repotting (every 1–2 years), gently divide the root ball into sections, each with several leaves and roots. <br>\n\t•\tReplant divisions into separate pots with fresh soil. <br>\n\t•\tPeace Lilies are not typically propagated by stem or leaf cuttings. <br>","Poisonous":"\n⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nMildly toxic if ingested. Contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that can cause: <br>\n\t•\tBurning or irritation of the mouth, lips, and throat <br>\n\t•\tNausea, difficulty swallowing, or upset stomach <br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nToxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion may cause: <br>\n\t•\tDrooling <br>\n\t•\tPawing at the mouth <br>\n\t•\tVomiting <br>\n\t•\tSwelling of the mouth or tongue <br>\n\t•\tToxic Compounds: <br>\nCalcium oxalates (insoluble) — these needle-like crystals irritate soft tissues. While uncomfortable, ingestion is rarely fatal.\n\nKeep out of reach of small children and pets."}
Parlor Palm (Chamaedorea elegans) Arecaceae

31 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Parlor Palm, botanically known as Chamaedorea elegans, is a plant-parents favorite because of its graceful, airy leaves and easy-care attitude. Inside, it usually grows to about 3-4 feet (90-120 cm) tall but can get taller with the right care. This Palm has slender green stems and feather-like leaves that can grow to be around 2 feet (60 cm) long. Unlike many other plants, the Parlor Palm stays lush and green all year, so it's always nice to look at.</p> {"Light":"Prefers low to moderate indirect light. <br>\n\t•\tCan tolerate low light areas, though growth will be slower. <br>\n\t•\tAvoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves and cause yellowing.<br>\n\t•\tBright, filtered light encourages fuller growth but is not necessary.","Watering":"\nKeep soil evenly moist but not soggy. <br>\n\t•\tWater when the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry. <br>\n\t•\tReduce watering frequency in winter, allowing soil to dry out slightly. <br>\n\t•\tAvoid overwatering as this can lead to root rot. <br>","Soil":"\nPrefers a well-draining, rich potting mix. <br>\n\t•\tA mix formulated for palms or a general houseplant mix amended with perlite or sand works well. <br>\n\t•\tSoil should retain some moisture but drain quickly to prevent waterlogging.","Temperature":"Thrives in average indoor temperatures between 18–24°C (65–75°F). <br>\n\t•\tCan tolerate a minimum temperature of about 10°C (50°F) but prefers warmer conditions. <br>\n\t•\tProtect from cold drafts and sudden temperature changes.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity (40–60%) but is adaptable to typical indoor conditions.In dry environments, occasional misting or a humidity tray can help prevent leaf tip browning.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. <br>\n\t•\tDo not fertilize in winter when the plant is dormant or growing slowly. <br>\n\t•\tOver-fertilization can cause leaf burn.","Pruning":"•\tRemove any yellow or brown fronds at the base to maintain appearance and plant health. <br>\n\t•\tTrim damaged or dead stems with clean, sharp scissors. <br>\n\t•\tPruning encourages new growth and prevents disease.","Propagation":"Propagation is generally done by division during repotting: <br>\n\t•\tCarefully separate the root ball into smaller sections, each with stems and roots intact. <br>\n\t•\tReplant divisions into individual pots with fresh soil. <br>\n\t•\tSeed propagation is possible but slow and uncommon for home growers.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nChamaedorea elegans is considered non-toxic to humans and safe to keep in homes with children.<br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a great choice for pet owners seeking an attractive, safe indoor palm.\n\t•Toxic Compounds:<br>\nNone of concern."}
Garden Croton (Codiaeum variegatum) Euphorbiaceae

32 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Meet the Garden Croton, a real showstopper with its bold, colorful foliage. The leaves can be of all shapes and sizes, often displaying a mix of green, yellow, red, orange, and even black.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">These vibrant leaves can reach 12 inches (30 cm) long and 6 inches (15 cm) wide, adding a splash of color to any room. Seasonal changes might bring slight variations in color intensity, but the plant stays eye-catching year-round.</p> {"Light":"Requires bright, indirect light to full sun for optimal leaf color development.<br>\n\t•\tThe brighter the light, the more intense and vivid the leaf variegation. <br>\n\t•\tAvoid prolonged exposure to direct, harsh midday sun, which can scorch leaves, especially indoors. <br>\n\t•\tIn low light, colors fade and leaves become predominantly green.","Watering":"\nKeep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. <br>\n\t•\tWater when the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry. <br>\n\t•\tAvoid letting the plant sit in standing water to prevent root rot. <br>\n\t•\tReduce watering slightly during winter but do not allow soil to dry out completely.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, fertile potting mix rich in organic matter. <br> \n\t•\tA high-quality peat-based soil amended with perlite or sand is ideal for aeration and drainage. <br> \n\t•\tSlightly acidic to neutral soil pH (5.5–7.0) is preferred.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 18–29°C (65–85°F).Sensitive to cold and drafts; temperatures below 13°C (55°F) can cause leaf drop and stress.\nBest grown in USDA zones 10–12 outdoors or as a houseplant elsewhere.","Humidity":"Thrives in high humidity (60–80%).\nLow humidity can cause leaf edges to brown and curl.\nUse a humidifier, mist leaves regularly, or place the pot on a humidity tray to maintain moisture.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 weeks during spring and summer with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength.\nFertilize less frequently or not at all during fall and winter.\nExcess fertilizer can lead to leaf burn or excessive green growth, reducing variegation.","Pruning":"Prune to maintain shape and size by trimming back leggy or overgrown stems.\nRemove any dead or damaged leaves to encourage healthy new growth.\nRegular pruning promotes bushier growth and better leaf color.","Propagation":"Commonly propagated through stem cuttings:<br>\nTake semi-hardwood cuttings about 10–15 cm (4–6 inches) long.\nRemove lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone.\nPlant in a moist, well-draining propagation medium and keep warm and humid until roots develop (typically 4–6 weeks).","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe sap of Garden Croton contains irritant compounds and can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.<br>\nIngestion of leaves or stems can cause mild gastrointestinal distress such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.<br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):\nGarden Croton is toxic to cats and dogs.<br>\nIngestion may cause oral irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and lethargy.<br>\n\t•\tContact with sap can also cause skin irritation.<br>\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\nContains diterpenoid compounds and latex sap which are irritants and mildly toxic.<br>\n\nHandle with care and keep out of reach of children and pets."}
Garden Croton (Codiaeum variegatum) Euphorbiaceae

33 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Meet the Garden Croton, a real showstopper with its bold, colorful foliage. The leaves can be of all shapes and sizes, often displaying a mix of green, yellow, red, orange, and even black.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">These vibrant leaves can reach 12 inches (30 cm) long and 6 inches (15 cm) wide, adding a splash of color to any room. Seasonal changes might bring slight variations in color intensity, but the plant stays eye-catching year-round.</p> {"Light":"Requires bright, indirect light to full sun for optimal leaf color development.<br>\n\t•\tThe brighter the light, the more intense and vivid the leaf variegation. <br>\n\t•\tAvoid prolonged exposure to direct, harsh midday sun, which can scorch leaves, especially indoors. <br>\n\t•\tIn low light, colors fade and leaves become predominantly green.","Watering":"\nKeep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. <br>\n\t•\tWater when the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry. <br>\n\t•\tAvoid letting the plant sit in standing water to prevent root rot. <br>\n\t•\tReduce watering slightly during winter but do not allow soil to dry out completely.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, fertile potting mix rich in organic matter. <br> \n\t•\tA high-quality peat-based soil amended with perlite or sand is ideal for aeration and drainage. <br> \n\t•\tSlightly acidic to neutral soil pH (5.5–7.0) is preferred.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 18–29°C (65–85°F).Sensitive to cold and drafts; temperatures below 13°C (55°F) can cause leaf drop and stress.\nBest grown in USDA zones 10–12 outdoors or as a houseplant elsewhere.","Humidity":"Thrives in high humidity (60–80%).\nLow humidity can cause leaf edges to brown and curl.\nUse a humidifier, mist leaves regularly, or place the pot on a humidity tray to maintain moisture.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 weeks during spring and summer with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength.\nFertilize less frequently or not at all during fall and winter.\nExcess fertilizer can lead to leaf burn or excessive green growth, reducing variegation.","Pruning":"Prune to maintain shape and size by trimming back leggy or overgrown stems.\nRemove any dead or damaged leaves to encourage healthy new growth.\nRegular pruning promotes bushier growth and better leaf color.","Propagation":"Commonly propagated through stem cuttings:<br>\nTake semi-hardwood cuttings about 10–15 cm (4–6 inches) long.\nRemove lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone.\nPlant in a moist, well-draining propagation medium and keep warm and humid until roots develop (typically 4–6 weeks).","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe sap of Garden Croton contains irritant compounds and can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.<br>\nIngestion of leaves or stems can cause mild gastrointestinal distress such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.<br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):\nGarden Croton is toxic to cats and dogs.<br>\nIngestion may cause oral irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and lethargy.<br>\n\t•\tContact with sap can also cause skin irritation.<br>\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\nContains diterpenoid compounds and latex sap which are irritants and mildly toxic.<br>\n\nHandle with care and keep out of reach of children and pets."}
Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Cannabaceae

34 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Growing your Cannabis at home is not as complicated as it seems, though it can be a tricky process to master.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Cannabis sativa is one the most popular and widely available strains of Cannabis plants, together with Indica. Sativa Cannabis grows longer and taller and is more challenging to cultivate in home conditions, as it needs lots of space, warmth, and specific conditions to thrive.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Sativa originates from Asia, Africa, and Central America, growing in warm, humid climates.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This can make it challenging to grow the plant in average household conditions. These strains often have long, skinny foliage and a leggy appearance, and contrary to compact and dense Indica buds, the buds of Sativa look stretched and large.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun—at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily.Optimal growth occurs in bright, open environments.\nInsufficient light reduces plant vigor and fiber quality.","Watering":"Needs moderate watering, with well-drained soil.\nAvoid waterlogging, which can cause root diseases.\nDuring early growth, keep soil moist but not saturated.Reduce watering as the plant matures, especially during the flowering stage.","Soil":"Thrives in well-draining, fertile soils with good organic matter content.\nPrefers slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.5).\nSandy loam or loamy soils are ideal for optimal root development and aeration.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 20–30°C (68–86°F).\nSensitive to frost; germination requires soil temperatures above 10°C (50°F).Optimal flowering and seed development occur in stable warm conditions.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity levels (40–60%).\nHigh humidity during flowering can increase risk of mold and mildew.\nGood air circulation is important to reduce disease risk.","Fertilization":"Requires nutrient-rich soil for vigorous growth.\nBalanced nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) fertilizer applied during vegetative growth supports leaf and stem development.\nReduce nitrogen and increase phosphorus and potassium during flowering to promote bud and seed formation.","Pruning":"Typically grown without heavy pruning; however, some growers remove lower leaves or small branches to improve airflow and focus energy on main stalks.\nPruning may also help manage plant shape and maximize yield.","Propagation":"Propagated primarily by seeds.\nSeeds should be sown directly in well-prepared soil after the danger of frost has passed.Cloning via cuttings is used in controlled cultivation for consistent genetics, especially in medicinal hemp varieties.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nHemp plants contain negligible amounts of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the psychoactive compound, and are non-intoxicating. However, raw plant material can cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals due to fibrous texture and possible allergens. <br>\n\t•Hemp seeds and derived food products are generally safe and nutritious for human consumption. <br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nHemp is generally non-toxic to pets; however, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. <br>\n\t•\tPets should not consume concentrated CBD or THC extracts without veterinary guidance. <br>\n\t•Toxic Compounds: <br>\nContains cannabinoids, primarily CBD (cannabidiol) and trace amounts of THC in industrial hemp varieties. No known harmful alkaloids or oxalates."}
Bamboo Palm (Chamaedorea seifrizii) Arecaceae

35 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Bamboo Palm is an ornamental evergreen plant that belongs to the Arecacede family and is native to Central America and Mexico, where it can be seen in subtropical regions with high vegetation. The peculiarity of the plant is that it can purify the air and also fits well into any interior. Bamboo Palm has learned to adapt to different conditions, so it easily tolerates a change in climate or light level.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Chamadorea seifrizii is easily identified by its sharp evergreen leaves that have a glossy texture and often droop downwards. The leaves are located on long cane-like stems that resemble a bamboo stick. Also, during the summer, the plant can produce small yellow flowers and even orange round berries that turn black after ripening. They are not edible and can cause health problems, including allergies, but fruiting is not likely to happen indoors anyway. In terms of size, Bamboo Palm can grow up to 12 feet (3.7 meters) tall and up to 8 feet (2.4 meters) wide.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but tolerates low light conditions.\nAvoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the delicate leaves.\nThrives in east or north-facing windows or rooms with filtered light.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy.Water when the top 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) of soil feels dry to the touch.\nReduce watering during winter when growth slows, but do not let the soil dry out completely.\nEnsure good drainage to prevent root rot.","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining, rich potting mix suitable for palms or general houseplants.\nA mixture containing peat, perlite, and composted bark works well.\nSoil should retain moisture without becoming waterlogged.","Temperature":"Grows best in temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F).\nShould be kept away from cold drafts or sudden temperature changes.\nDoes not tolerate temperatures below 10°C (50°F) well.","Humidity":"Thrives in moderate to high humidity (50–70%).\nBenefits from occasional misting or use of a humidifier in dry indoor environments.\nLow humidity can cause leaf browning and tip drying.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength.\nAvoid over-fertilizing, which can damage roots and cause leaf burn.\nNo fertilization is necessary during the dormant winter months.","Pruning":"Remove any yellowing or damaged fronds near the base to maintain the plant’s tidy appearance.\nTrim dead stems or leaves promptly to encourage healthy new growth.","Propagation":"Propagated mainly through division:\nWhen repotting, gently separate the clumps of stems with roots intact.\nPlant divisions into individual pots with fresh soil.\nSeed propagation is possible but rare and slow for home growers.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nBamboo Palm is non-toxic to humans and safe to keep in homes with children.\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nIt is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it an excellent choice for pet-friendly households.\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\nNo known toxic compounds are present in this plant."}
Boston Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) Nephrolepidaceae

36 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Boston Fern, botanically known as Nephrolepis exaltata, is a lush and lively plant that brings a touch of tropical paradise indoors. Its feathery fronds can reach lengths of 2 to 4 feet (60-120 cm), creating a beautiful, cascading effect. The plant's leaves are delicate and finely divided, giving it a soft, graceful appearance. In cooler months, it might shed a few leaves, but with proper care, it will bounce back and stay green throughout the year.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light but can tolerate some shade.\nAvoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the delicate fronds.\nIdeal placement includes east or north-facing windows or filtered light environments.","Watering":"Requires consistently moist soil, but not waterlogged.\nWater when the surface feels slightly dry to maintain humidity around the roots.\nBoston Ferns appreciate frequent misting or a humid environment to prevent frond browning.\nReduce watering slightly in winter but do not allow the soil to dry out completely.","Soil":"Grows best in a rich, well-draining potting mix high in organic matter.\nA peat-based mix amended with perlite or orchid bark ensures adequate moisture retention and aeration.","Temperature":"Prefers temperatures between 16–24°C (60–75°F).\nSensitive to cold drafts and temperatures below 12°C (54°F), which can cause frond damage.\nConsistent warmth encourages healthy, vigorous growth.","Humidity":"Prefers high humidity (60–80%).Dry air causes browning and crisping of leaf tips.\nRegular misting, a humidity tray, or use of a humidifier is beneficial, especially in heated indoor environments.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength.\nAvoid over-fertilization, which can cause leaf tip burn or excessive salt buildup in the soil.\nFertilize less or not at all during the dormant winter months.","Pruning":"Remove any yellowing or dead fronds at the base to encourage new growth and maintain plant health.\nRegular pruning helps keep the plant looking full and vibrant.","Propagation":"Propagated by division:<br>\nSeparate the root ball carefully during repotting into smaller sections with healthy fronds and roots.\nPlant divisions into fresh soil and maintain consistent moisture and humidity until established.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nBoston Fern is non-toxic to humans and safe for households with children.\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-friendly choice.<br>\n\t•Toxic Compounds:<br>\nNone known."}
Weeping Fig (Ficus benjamina) Moraceae

37 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Weeping Fig, sometimes called the ficus tree, is a tropical evergreen tree that is often grown as a houseplant. People spot it in homes and offices for its elegant, slightly weeping shape and glossy evergreen leaves.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Though it grows up to 60 feet tall (18 m) in its native Asian or Australian rain forests, when placed indoors, it is usually pruned to six feet (2 m) or smaller. It is not a difficult houseplant to grow if you meet its needs in terms of light, water, and temperature. They also don't like to be moved</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Wear gloves when handling the plant; some people find the sap a skin irritant. And do not consume any part of the plant.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light and can tolerate some direct morning or late afternoon sun.\nAvoid harsh midday sun which can scorch the leaves.\nCan adapt to lower light conditions but may experience slower growth and leaf drop.","Watering":"Water when the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry.\nKeep soil evenly moist but avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot.\nReduce watering during the winter months when growth slows.\nThe Weeping Fig is prone to leaf drop if overwatered or exposed to stress such as drafts or changes in light.","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining, fertile potting mix rich in organic matter.\nA peat-based or all-purpose potting soil amended with perlite or sand provides good drainage.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 18–24°C (65–75°F).\nSensitive to cold drafts and sudden temperature changes.\nDoes not tolerate temperatures below 13°C (55°F) for extended periods.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity (40–60%).\nBenefits from occasional misting, especially in dry indoor environments.\nLow humidity can cause leaf edges to brown and dry out.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer at half strength.\nReduce feeding in fall and winter.","Pruning":"Prune to maintain shape, remove dead or damaged branches, and control size.\nLight pruning encourages bushier growth.\nCan be shaped into small trees or bonsai forms with regular trimming.","Propagation":"Propagated via stem cuttings:<br>\n\t•\tTake semi-hardwood cuttings with several leaves and root them in water or moist soil. <br>\n\t•\tMaintain warmth and humidity to encourage root development over 4–6 weeks.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nThe sap of the Weeping Fig contains latex and ficin, which can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. <br>\n\t•Ingestion may cause mild oral irritation or gastrointestinal upset but is generally not highly toxic. <br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):\nFicus benjamina is toxic to cats and dogs. <br>\n\t•\tIngestion can lead to vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and skin irritation. <br>\n\t•\tContact with the sap may also cause allergic skin reactions. <br>\n\t•\tToxic Compounds: <br>\nContains ficin and proteolytic enzymes that act as irritants."}
Chinese Evergreen (Aglaonema Commutatum) Araceae

38 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Commonly known as Chinese Evergreen, Aglaonema Commutatum is an attractive houseplant. Its distinctive foliage has enchanted many plant lovers around the world.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">However, be cautious with this greenie. It has toxic compounds!</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Aglaonema Commutatum is a perennial plant belonging to the Araceae family. This greenie comes from dense tropical forests of Asia. The plant can grow up to 2-3 ft (60-90 cm) in its natural habitat, but indoors, it usually reaches 1-2 ft (30-60 cm) tall. A distinctive feature of Chinese Evergreen is its lance-shaped foliage that often varies with shades of green, silver, or red. The leaves have a smooth texture and can grow up to 8 in (20 cm) long. When injured, the leaves and stems produce irritative sap, so don't forget to wear gloves when working with this greenie.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in low to moderate indirect light.\nCan tolerate low-light conditions where many other plants struggle, but variegation may fade in very low light.\nAvoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves and cause fading.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) of soil feels dry.\nMaintain evenly moist soil but avoid waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.\nReduce watering frequency during cooler months when growth slows.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, fertile potting mix, rich in organic matter.\n\t\tA mixture of peat, perlite, and pine bark or orchid bark works well.","Temperature":"Prefers warm, stable temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F).\nSensitive to cold drafts and temperatures below 15°C (59°F).\nSudden temperature fluctuations can cause leaf drop or discoloration.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity (50–70%).\n\t\tBenefits from occasional misting or use of a humidifier, especially in dry indoor environments.\n\t\tLow humidity can cause leaf edges to brown or dry.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength.\n\t\tAvoid over-fertilizing, which can damage roots and foliage.\n\t\tMinimal to no fertilization is needed during winter dormancy.","Pruning":"\tRemove any yellow, damaged, or dead leaves to maintain appearance and plant health.\n\t\tPruning can encourage bushier growth and more compact shape.","Propagation":"Propagated mainly by division or stem cuttings:<br>\nDivision involves separating clumps of roots and shoots during repotting.\nStem cuttings can be rooted in water or moist soil under warm, humid conditions.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nChinese Evergreen contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause irritation.<br>\n\t•Contact with sap may cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.<br>\n\t•Ingestion can result in oral irritation, swelling, and discomfort.<br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nAglaonema commutatum is toxic to cats and dogs.<br>\nSymptoms of ingestion include drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, and oral irritation.<br>\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nContains raphides (needle-like calcium oxalate crystals) that cause mechanical irritation to tissues."}
Lucky Bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana) Asparagaceae

39 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Get ready to bring a bit of zen into your home with Lucky Bamboo, the low-maintenance plant your home's been missing. Not only does it have interesting looks, but it's also one of the easiest green buddies to care for.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Lucky Bamboo, or Dracaena braunii as it's scientifically known, flaunts slender, glossy stalks that can reach anywhere from 4 to 36 inches (10-90 cm) tall, its main identification features.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">These sleek stems often bear a striking resemblance to bamboo (hence the name), adding a subtle touch of the exotic to your indoor oasis. The leaves, arranged in clusters at the top, are the real showstoppers. Forget complicated greenery - this one is all about simple elegance.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but tolerates low light conditions well.\nAvoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the stalks and leaves.\nCan survive in fluorescent-lit offices or rooms with minimal natural light.","Watering":"When grown in water, change the water every 1–2 weeks to prevent stagnation and bacterial growth.\nUse distilled or filtered water if possible, as Lucky Bamboo is sensitive to chlorine and fluoride in tap water.\nWhen potted in soil, water when the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry, keeping soil consistently moist but not soggy.","Soil":"When grown in soil, use a well-draining potting mix, such as standard indoor potting soil amended with sand or perlite to improve drainage.\nCan also thrive in a hydroponic setup with pebbles or clay pellets supporting the roots in water.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 18–24°C (65–75°F).\nShould be kept away from cold drafts and temperatures below 15°C (59°F).","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity (40–60%), typical of indoor environments.\nCan tolerate lower humidity but benefits from occasional misting if air is very dry.","Fertilization":"Fertilize sparingly, about every 2–3 months with a very diluted (1/4 strength) liquid fertilizer formulated for houseplants.\nOver-fertilizing can cause yellowing or browning of leaves and stalks.","Pruning":"Trim yellow or damaged leaves and cut back stalks to maintain desired shape and size.\nNew shoots often emerge from cut points, allowing for shaping and propagation.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by cuttings: cut a healthy stalk just below a node and place it in water or moist soil to root.\nRoots typically develop within a few weeks under warm, humid conditions.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nLucky Bamboo is non-toxic to humans and safe to have around children.<br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nGenerally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs.<br>\nHowever, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild stomach upset such as vomiting or diarrhea.<br>\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\nNo significant toxic compounds are present in Lucky Bamboo."}
Lemon (Citrus limon) Rutaceae

40 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Citrus limon, commonly known as the Lemon tree, is a small evergreen tree native to Asia and widely cultivated worldwide for its fragrant, tart fruit. Lemons are renowned for their bright yellow, oval-shaped fruits with a tangy flavor that is essential in culinary, medicinal, and cleaning uses. The tree typically grows between 3–6 meters (10–20 feet) tall when grown outdoors but can be kept smaller as a potted houseplant. It features glossy, dark green, lance-shaped leaves and fragrant white flowers that bloom primarily in spring and summer.</span></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Lemon trees are valued not only for their fruit but also for their aromatic flowers and leaves, which add a fresh citrus scent to any indoor or outdoor environment. With proper care, lemon trees can bloom and fruit indoors, providing both beauty and utility.</span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Requires full sun for at least 6–8 hours a day to thrive and produce fruit.\nIndoors, place near a south-facing window or provide supplemental grow lights.\nInsufficient light results in poor growth and reduced fruiting.","Watering":"Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.\nWater deeply when the top 2.5–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil feels dry.\nAvoid letting the soil dry out completely, especially during flowering and fruiting stages.\nEnsure good drainage to prevent root rot.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, slightly acidic soil with a pH of 5.5–6.5.\nA high-quality citrus or cactus potting mix amended with perlite or sand works well.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 20–27°C (68–80°F) during the day and not lower than 10°C (50°F) at night.\nSensitive to frost and cold drafts.\nCan be grown outdoors in USDA zones 9–11 or indoors in cooler climates.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity (40–60%) but generally adapts well to typical indoor humidity levels.\nIn dry environments, occasional misting or a humidity tray can be beneficial.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring through early fall) with a citrus-specific fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients such as magnesium and iron.\nReduce feeding during the winter months when growth slows.","Pruning":"Prune annually to maintain shape, improve air circulation, and encourage branching.\nRemove dead, diseased, or crossing branches.\nLight pruning after harvest can stimulate new growth and fruit production.","Propagation":"Commonly propagated by grafting for fruit quality and disease resistance.\nCan also be grown from seed, though seed-grown plants may vary from the parent.\nStem cuttings and air layering are less common but possible methods for propagation.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nLemon trees are non-toxic to humans.<br>\n•Lemon fruit, leaves, and flowers are safe for consumption and use.<br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nLemon plants are generally non-toxic but ingestion of large quantities of leaves, fruit, or peels can cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea) due to acidity and essential oils.<br>\n•Lemon essential oils can be toxic if ingested in concentrated forms.<br>\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\nContains citric acid and essential oils which can be mildly irritating if ingested in large amounts."}
Lucky Bamboo (Dracaena braunii) Asparagaceae

41 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Get ready to bring a bit of zen into your home with Lucky Bamboo, the low-maintenance plant your home's been missing. Not only does it have interesting looks, but it's also one of the easiest green buddies to care for.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Lucky Bamboo, or Dracaena braunii as it's scientifically known, flaunts slender, glossy stalks that can reach anywhere from 4 to 36 inches (10-90 cm) tall, its main identification features.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">These sleek stems often bear a striking resemblance to bamboo (hence the name), adding a subtle touch of the exotic to your indoor oasis. The leaves, arranged in clusters at the top, are the real showstoppers. Forget complicated greenery - this one is all about simple elegance.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but tolerates low-light environments.\nAvoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the stalks and leaves.\nCan thrive in fluorescent or shaded indoor spaces, making it ideal for offices and rooms with limited natural light.","Watering":"When grown in water, replace the water every 1–2 weeks to prevent stagnation and bacterial growth.\nUse distilled or filtered water if possible, since Lucky Bamboo is sensitive to chemicals like chlorine and fluoride found in tap water.\nWhen grown in soil, water when the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry, keeping soil consistently moist but not soggy.","Soil":"When potted, use a well-draining potting mix, such as a blend of standard indoor soil amended with sand or perlite.\nIt can also grow hydroponically with roots submerged in water supported by pebbles or clay pellets.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm indoor temperatures between 18–24°C (65–75°F).\nShould be protected from cold drafts and temperatures below 15°C (59°F).","Humidity":"Prefers moderate indoor humidity (40–60%).\nOccasional misting can help in dry indoor environments but is not strictly necessary.","Fertilization":"Fertilize sparingly, about every 2–3 months, using a diluted (quarter-strength) balanced liquid fertilizer formulated for houseplants.\nOver-fertilizing can cause yellowing or browning of leaves and stalks.","Pruning":"Remove any yellowing or damaged leaves and trim stalks to control size and encourage new growth.\nNew shoots often emerge from cut points, allowing for creative shaping and propagation.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by stem cuttings: cut a healthy stalk just below a node and place it in water or moist soil to root.\nRoots typically develop within a few weeks under warm, humid conditions.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nLucky Bamboo (Dracaena braunii) is non-toxic to humans and safe around children.<br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nIt is considered mildly toxic to cats and dogs.<br>\n\t•Ingestion can cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting, diarrhea, and drooling.<br>\n\t•Contact with sap may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals.<br>\n\t•Toxic Compounds:<br>\nContains saponins and other compounds that can irritate mucous membranes if ingested."}
Silver Inch Plant (Tradescantia zebrina) Commelinaceae

42 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Tradescantia zebrina, commonly known as the Silver Inch Plant, is a striking and fast-growing trailing houseplant native to Mexico and Central America. It is prized for its vibrant, colorful foliage featuring elongated leaves with a distinctive silvery-purple stripe pattern on the upper surface and deep purple undersides. The leaves grow along sprawling stems that can trail or climb, making it ideal for hanging baskets, shelves, or as ground cover in warm climates. The plant produces small, delicate pink or purple flowers, although it is primarily grown for its decorative foliage.</span></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Due to its vigorous growth and adaptability, the Silver Inch Plant is a favorite among indoor gardeners looking for an easy-care, visually appealing plant that can brighten up any space with its unique colors and patterns.</span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light for optimal leaf coloration and growth.\nCan tolerate moderate light but foliage colors may dull in low light.\nAvoid direct harsh sunlight that can scorch leaves, especially in hot climates.","Watering":"Keep soil evenly moist but not soggy.\nWater when the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry.\nReduce watering during winter dormancy.\nAvoid letting the plant sit in water to prevent root rot.","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining, fertile potting mix rich in organic matter.\nA standard houseplant soil mixed with perlite or sand for drainage is ideal.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F).\nNot frost-tolerant; temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can damage or kill the plant.\nSensitive to cold drafts and sudden temperature changes.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity (50–70%).\nBenefits from occasional misting in dry indoor environments to maintain leaf vibrancy","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength.\nReduce feeding in fall and winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Regularly pinch back stems to encourage bushier growth and prevent legginess.\nPrune any damaged or yellowing leaves to maintain a tidy appearance.\nPruned cuttings can be used for propagation.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by stem cuttings:\nCut a healthy stem segment with several leaves and root it in water or directly in moist soil.\nRoots develop quickly, and new growth follows soon after.","Poisonous":"✅ Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nTradescantia zebrina is generally non-toxic to humans, but contact with sap may cause mild skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.<br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nConsidered mildly toxic to cats and dogs.<br>\n•Ingestion can cause minor <br> gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea. <br>\n\t•Contact with sap may cause skin irritation. <br> \nToxic Compounds: <br>\nContains irritating sap compounds that can cause dermatitis or mild mucous membrane irritation.\n"}
Spineless Yucca( Yucca gigantea) Asparagaceae

43 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Spineless Yucca, or Yucca gigantea, hails from Central America and adds a bold, desert-like vibe to any indoor space or a garden. It features sword-shaped, glossy green leaves without the sharp tips typical of other Yuccas, making it more people-friendly. The plant's woody trunk can grow up to 10 feet (3 meters) indoors, though it usually stays shorter, or up to 15 feet (4.5 meters). Spineless Yucca is evergreen, so it maintains its striking look year-round, perfect for a low-maintenance indoor focal point.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light to full sun.\nCan tolerate some direct sunlight, which helps maintain compact growth and flowering.\nIn low light, growth slows and the plant may become leggy.","Watering":"Water moderately, allowing the top 5 cm (2 inches) of soil to dry out between waterings.\nOverwatering can lead to root rot; ensure excellent drainage.\nIn winter, reduce watering frequency as growth slows.","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining, sandy or loamy soil mix.\nA cactus or succulent potting mix amended with perlite or sand works well.\nGood drainage is essential to prevent waterlogging.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F).\nCan tolerate cooler temperatures down to 10°C (50°F) but is sensitive to frost.\nProtect from cold drafts and freezing temperatures.","Humidity":"Adaptable to a wide range of humidity levels but prefers low to moderate humidity typical of indoor environments.\nDoes not require additional humidity and tolerates dry air well.","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced, diluted fertilizer every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring to early fall).\nAvoid over-fertilizing to prevent excessive, weak growth.\nNo feeding needed in winter dormancy.","Pruning":"Remove dead or damaged leaves by cutting close to the trunk to maintain neat appearance.\nCan prune the stem to control height or encourage branching; cuttings can root to propagate.","Propagation":"Commonly propagated by stem cuttings or suckers (offshoots) at the base.\nCut a healthy stem section, allow it to callus for several days, then root in well-draining soil.\nPropagation can take several weeks but is usually successful.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nSpineless Yucca is generally considered non-toxic to humans, but its sharp leaf tips (in some varieties) can cause mechanical injury. The plant’s sap can cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals.<br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nConsidered mildly toxic to pets.<br>\nIngestion of leaves or sap may cause mild to moderate gastrointestinal upset, drooling, or skin irritation.<br>\nAvoid letting pets chew on the plant.<br>\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nContains saponins, which can be irritating to skin and mucous membranes if ingested or touched."}
Philodendron Brasil (Philodendron hederaceum 'Brasil') Araceae

44 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Philodendron Brasil is a tropical vine that originates from the rainforests of Central and South America. This variety is known for its stunning heart-shaped leaves that have a striking green and yellow variegation. The leaves can grow up to 4 inches (10 cm) long and are glossy and smooth. This plant is a great choice for indoor spaces and potted patio or garden collections because it's easygoing and can handle lower light conditions.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light to maintain its vivid variegation.\nCan tolerate moderate low light but may lose some of its bright yellow variegation, turning more solid green.\nAvoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves.","Watering":"Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.\nWater when the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry to the touch.\nOverwatering can cause root rot; ensure the pot has drainage holes.\nReduce watering frequency during the winter months when growth slows.","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining, aerated potting mix, such as one formulated for aroids or houseplants, enriched with peat moss, perlite, or orchid bark to improve drainage and airflow.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm indoor temperatures ranging from 18–26°C (65–79°F).\nAvoid exposure to temperatures below 13°C (55°F), which can cause damage.\nProtect from cold drafts and sudden temperature changes.","Humidity":"Enjoys moderate to high humidity (50–70%).\nBenefits from regular misting or placement near a humidifier in dry indoor conditions to keep leaves healthy and vibrant.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength.\nReduce feeding in fall and winter when the plant’s growth naturally slows.","Pruning":"Prune leggy or overgrown stems to encourage bushier growth and maintain a compact shape.\nRemove any yellowing or damaged leaves to promote overall plant health.\nCuttings from pruned stems can be used for propagation.","Propagation":"Easily propagated via stem cuttings.\nCut a healthy stem segment just below a node, remove lower leaves, and root it in water or moist soil.\nRoots typically form within 2–4 weeks under warm, humid conditions.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nPhilodendron Brasil contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause irritation. <br>\n•Contact or ingestion may cause mild to moderate oral irritation, swelling, and discomfort if chewed or ingested. <br>\n•Handle with care, especially around children. <br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nConsidered toxic to cats and dogs due to calcium oxalate content. <br>\n•Ingestion can lead to oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. <br>\n•Seek veterinary care if significant ingestion occurs. <br>\n-Toxic Compounds: <br>\nContains raphides (calcium oxalate crystals), responsible for the irritation symptoms."}
English Ivy (Hedera helix) Araliaceae

45 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">English Ivy (Hedera helix) is a trailing, evergreen vine known for its ability to climb and cover surfaces with its dense, dark green foliage. It has lobed leaves, typically 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) long, that may display variegation with white, yellow, or cream streaks, especially in cultivated varieties. While it's often grown for its decorative nature, it can also improve air quality indoors. Ivy remains consistent in appearance year-round since it's evergreen, making it a popular choice for adding some greenery indoors or in a garden.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but is highly adaptable.\nCan tolerate low light indoors, though growth may slow.\nAvoid prolonged direct sunlight which can scorch leaves.","Watering":"Keep soil consistently moist but well-drained.\nWater when the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry.\nAvoid overwatering to prevent root rot.\nReduce watering during winter dormancy.","Soil":"Prefers a rich, well-draining soil mix with good organic content.\nA general-purpose potting mix amended with peat moss or compost is ideal.","Temperature":"Thrives in cooler to moderate temperatures between 10–21°C (50–70°F).\nCan tolerate temperatures as low as -12°C (10°F) outdoors.\nSensitive to extreme heat and dry indoor air, which can cause leaf browning.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity but is tolerant of average indoor conditions.\nBenefits from occasional misting in dry environments to prevent leaf edges from browning.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during spring and summer with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength.\nNo feeding is necessary during fall and winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Prune regularly to control size and shape, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or damaged stems.\nCan be trimmed to maintain as a trailing or climbing plant indoors.","Propagation":"Easily propagated through stem cuttings.<br>\nCut 10–15 cm (4–6 inch) segments with several leaves and root in water or moist soil.\nRooting typically takes 2–4 weeks under warm conditions.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nEnglish Ivy contains saponins and other compounds that can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, or mild gastrointestinal upset if ingested. <br>\n•Handling the plant may cause dermatitis in sensitive individuals. <br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nConsidered toxic to cats and dogs. <br>\n•Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and abdominal pain. <br>\n•Contact with the sap may cause skin irritation. <br>\n-Toxic Compounds: <br>\nContains saponins and polyacetylene compounds that are responsible for its toxicity."}
Prayer Plant (Maranta leuconeura) Marantaceae

46 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Maranta is a marvelous tropical greenie that strikes plant lovers with its colorful foliage. The leaves fold up at night before opening again with the first beams of sunlight - hence the nickname "Prayer Plant." Marantas are sometimes confused with Calatheas, their relatives.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Though both are called Prayer Plants, Marantas look different and have distinct needs.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Brazilian natives, Marantas are easy to recognize. Their oval, variegated leaves with yellow splotches along the midrib and arching red veins resemble a complex painting. The undersides of the leaves are often dark red.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">In their native habitat, Marantas grow under the canopy of tropical rainforest. Humidity, warmth, and scattered light make these queens shine. When kept indoors, Marantas grow slowly but can eventually reach ift (30 cm) in height.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light to maintain vibrant leaf coloration and healthy growth.\nCan tolerate lower light levels but may result in slower growth and less vivid leaf patterns.\nAvoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the delicate leaves.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.\nWater when the top 1–2 cm (0.5–1 inch) of soil feels dry.\nUse room temperature, filtered, or distilled water if possible, as the plant is sensitive to fluoride and chlorine in tap water.\nReduce watering slightly in winter when growth slows.","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining, peat-based potting mix rich in organic matter.\nA mixture of peat moss, perlite, and potting soil provides good aeration and moisture retention.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures between 18–26°C (65–79°F).<br>\nSensitive to cold drafts and temperatures below 15°C (59°F), which can cause leaf damage.","Humidity":"Requires high humidity (60–80%) to thrive.<br>\n•Benefits greatly from frequent misting, humidity trays, or a humidifier to prevent leaf curling and browning edges.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength.<br>\n•Avoid fertilizing in fall and winter.","Pruning":"•Remove any yellow, damaged, or dead leaves to encourage healthy new growth.<br>\n•Light pruning can maintain a compact, bushy shape.","Propagation":"Propagated mainly by division or stem cuttings.<br>\n•Divide the rhizomes during repotting or root stem cuttings in water or moist soil.<br>\n•Rooting may take several weeks but is generally successful under warm, humid conditions.<br>","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Prayer Plant is considered non-toxic to humans and safe for households with children.<br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nNon-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-safe houseplant.<br>\n•Toxic Compounds:<br>\nNo known toxic compounds are present."}
Ponytail Palm (Beaucarnea recurvata) Asparagaceae

47 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Introducing the low-maintenance Ponytail Palm, also known as Elephant's Foot, with a striking appearance and elegant leaves that cascade. It's a perfect choice for adding an exotic touch to your indoor space.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Ponytail Palm is a cool plant with long and arching leaves that create a pretty cool ponytail effect. The plant has a thick trunk that stores water, which makes it great for dry indoor environments. It can grow to be around 3-4 feet (90-120 cm) tall indoors, but if you give it the right conditions, it can get even taller. It's a great way to add a tropical feel to your home or garden!</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Ponytail Palm is always looking lush and green throughout the year. It keeps growing new leaves from the top, which keeps it looking full and fresh. It doesn't have regular flowers, but its unique foliage is always beautiful to look at.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect to direct sunlight.\nCan tolerate full sun, which promotes compact growth and strong leaf coloration.\nAdaptable to moderate indoor light but growth slows in low light conditions.","Watering":"Water sparingly; allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings.<br>\nThe swollen base stores water, so overwatering can easily cause root rot.<br>\nIn winter, reduce watering frequency to once every 3–4 weeks or less.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, sandy or cactus/succulent potting mix to prevent moisture retention around roots.\nAdding perlite or pumice can improve drainage.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F).<br>\n•Can tolerate cooler temperatures down to 10°C (50°F) but is not frost-hardy.<br>\n•Avoid exposure to cold drafts or freezing temperatures.","Humidity":"Tolerant of low humidity typical of indoor environments.\nDoes not require additional humidity or misting.","Fertilization":"Feed sparingly with a balanced, diluted fertilizer once every 6–8 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer).Avoid fertilizing in fall and winter when the plant’s growth slows.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is needed.\nRemove dead or dried leaf tips to maintain a tidy appearance.Cut back any damaged or overly long leaves if desired.","Propagation":"Propagated primarily by seeds or by removing offsets (pups) that sometimes develop at the base.<br>\nStem cuttings are generally not effective due to the plant’s growth form.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nPonytail Palm is non-toxic to humans and safe to keep in homes.<br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nConsidered non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-friendly plant choice.\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\nNo harmful compounds are known to be present."}
Poinsettia (Euphorbia Pulcherrima) Euphorbiaceae

48 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Poinsettias are one of the most popular holiday flowers. Their familiar red blooms in combination with contrasting green foliage have become the omen of Christmas in Western culture.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Commonly known as Poinsettia, Euphorbia Pulcherrima is a mesmerizing flowering plant. It's native to Mexico and Central America where it grows as a shrub. The plant can reach 2-13 ft (0.5-4 m tall). Poinsettia is not producing blooms. Its beautiful red flowers are called bracts and are actually modified leaves designed to attract insects to the tiny yellow flowers in their centers. Hybridizers have expanded the range of colors from the familiar red to pastel yellow and vibrant bicolors. As Poinsettias bloom during holidays, they need some extra care to keep them healthy. While it may be easier to buy new plants each year, it is possible to get them to rebloom the next season.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light.\nAvoid direct sunlight which can scorch the bracts and leaves.\nInsufficient light may cause the plant to become leggy or lose its vibrant color.","Watering":"Keep soil consistently moist but not soggy.\nWater when the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry to the touch.\nAvoid overwatering to prevent root rot and do not let the plant sit in standing water.","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining, peat-based potting mix.\nA blend with perlite or sand enhances drainage.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 18–22°C (65–72°F).<br>\nAvoid cold drafts and temperatures below 13°C (55°F), which can damage the plant.\nNight temperatures around 15–18°C (59–65°F) encourage bract coloration.","Humidity":"\nModerate humidity (40–60%) is ideal.\nCan tolerate average indoor humidity but may benefit from occasional misting in dry environments.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–3 weeks during the growing season (spring through summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer at half strength.\nDo not fertilize while the plant is blooming in winter.","Pruning":"After the holiday season, prune back stems to encourage new growth and maintain shape.\nPinching new growth in spring can promote bushier plants.","Propagation":"Propagated by stem cuttings taken in spring or early summer.\nCuttings root readily in moist soil or water under warm, humid conditions.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nPoinsettias have a reputation for being highly toxic, but they are actually mildly toxic.<br>\n•Contact with the milky sap can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions.<br>\n•Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting) but is generally not life-threatening.<br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nMildly toxic to cats and dogs.<br>\nIngestion can cause drooling, vomiting, or diarrhea.<br>\n•The sap can also cause skin and eye irritation.<br>\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\nContains latex sap and diterpenoid euphorbol esters that can irritate skin and mucous membranes."}
Miniature Umbrella Tree (Heptapleurum arboricola) Araliaceae

49 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Miniature Umbrella Tree Heptapleurum arboricola) will add some life to any room. This plant has shiny, fan-shaped leaves that come out from the center like an umbrella. The leaves are usually 4-7 inches (10-18 cm) long, while the plant can reach 6 feet (1.8 meters) tall indoors if you give it enough space and care. All year round, the foliage stays bright and full, giving you a consistent display of green beauty.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but tolerates moderate to low light levels.\nAvoid direct sunlight, which can scorch leaves and cause yellowing.\nIn low light, growth may slow and leaf variegation may fade.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry.<br>\nKeep soil evenly moist but not waterlogged.\nOverwatering can cause root rot; ensure good drainage.\nReduce watering during the winter dormant period.","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining, fertile potting mix rich in organic matter.\nA mixture of peat, pine bark, and perlite or sand works well.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures between 18–24°C (65–75°F).\nAvoid exposure to temperatures below 12°C (54°F).\nProtect from drafts and sudden temperature changes.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity (40–60%).\nBenefits from occasional misting or a humidity tray in dry environments.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer at half strength.\nFertilization can be reduced or paused in fall and winter.","Pruning":"Prune regularly to maintain shape, encourage bushier growth, and remove dead or leggy stems.\nPinching back tips promotes fuller foliage.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by stem cuttings taken in spring or early summer.\nCuttings root readily in water or moist soil under warm, humid conditions.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nGenerally considered non-toxic to humans, though some people may experience mild skin irritation from sap contact. <br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nMildly toxic to cats and dogs.\n•Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea. <br>\n•Contact with sap can cause skin or eye irritation. <br>\n•Toxic Compounds: <br>\nContains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause irritation if ingested or if sap contacts skin and mucous membranes."}
Baby Rubber Plant (Peperomia obtusifolia) Piperaceae

50 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Baby Rubber plant or Peperomia is a part of a large family of more than 1000 species.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This succulent charms people with its glossy foliage. By the way, you don't need to be a genius to grow it.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Peperomia obtusifolia is a Central and South American native. It derives from a big family with over 1000 species. In its natural habitat, it got used to humid weather and low light. So, purchasing a humidifier may be a must.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">It is an evergreen plant. The leaves are usually glossy and oval; the color palette varies from dark green to cream and variegated. The flower is usually cream-white and has no petals.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The other common names are American rubber plant, Pepper Face, Oval Leaf Peperomia, etc. It is not toxic for cats and dogs.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate moderate to low light.\nAvoid direct sunlight which can scorch the leaves.\nIn lower light, growth may slow and leaf color may become less vibrant.","Watering":"Allow the top 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) of soil to dry out between waterings.\nWater moderately, avoiding waterlogging to prevent root rot.\nReduce watering frequency during the winter months when growth slows.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, peat-based potting mix.\nA blend with perlite or sand improves aeration and drainage.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 18–24°C (65–75°F).<br>\n•Avoid temperatures below 10°C (50°F) and cold drafts.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity but tolerates typical indoor humidity levels.<br>\n•Occasional misting can benefit the plant, especially in dry environments.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength.<br>\n•Avoid fertilizing during fall and winter.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning needed; remove any yellow or damaged leaves to maintain appearance.\nPinching back stems can encourage bushier growth.","Propagation":"Propagated easily by leaf or stem cuttings placed in soil or water.\nRooting is generally quick under warm, humid conditions.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Baby Rubber Plant is non-toxic to humans and safe to keep in homes with children.<br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nConsidered non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-friendly houseplant.\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\nNo harmful or toxic compounds have been identified."}
Elephant Bush (Portulacaria afra) Didiereaceae

51 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Elephant Bush is a charismatic succulent that's captured the hearts of indoor plant enthusiasts. It's a popular choice for its resilient nature, striking appearance, and low-maintenance demeanor.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Elephant Bush, also known as Porkbush, has these cute little green leaves that look like tiny coins stacked on top of each other, giving it a unique appearance. It can grow into a shrub or a small tree, and its height can vary from 6 inches (15 cm) to several feet (~60 cm), depending on how well you take care of it. Sometimes, during the growing season, it may show off a reddish hue on its edges, which adds a pop of color to its green palette. It's an adaptable and charming plant that's perfect for both newbies and experienced plant lovers.</p> {"Light":"Prefers full sun to bright, indirect light.\nThrives best with at least 4–6 hours of direct sunlight daily to maintain compact growth and vibrant foliage color.\nCan tolerate some light shade but may become leggy or lose leaf color.","Watering":"Water sparingly and allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings.\nOverwatering can cause root rot and leaf drop.\nDuring winter, reduce watering frequency significantly.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, sandy or cactus/succulent potting mix.\nGood drainage is essential to prevent moisture retention and root diseases.","Temperature":"Optimal growth occurs between 18–27°C (65–80°F).<br>\n\t•Can tolerate higher temperatures but is sensitive to frost and temperatures below 5°C (41°F).<br>\n\t•Protect from cold drafts and freezing weather.<br>","Humidity":"Tolerates low humidity typical of indoor environments.\nDoes not require additional humidity or misting.","Fertilization":"Feed lightly with a balanced, diluted fertilizer every 6–8 weeks during the active growing season (spring and summer).\nAvoid fertilizing in fall and winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Prune regularly to maintain shape, encourage bushier growth, and remove leggy or damaged stems.\nSuitable for bonsai shaping or container plant training.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by stem cuttings.\nCuttings root quickly in dry or slightly moist soil with warm temperatures.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nElephant Bush is non-toxic to humans and safe to handle and grow indoors.<br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nConsidered non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it pet-safe.<br>\n•Toxic Compounds:<br>\nNo known toxic compounds are present in this species.<br>"}
Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) Malvaceae

52 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Hibiscus is ideal if you wish to have a beautiful plant at home but do not know how to care for flowers. Hibiscus combines beauty and ruggedness. However, for Hibiscus to not live dimly but delight you with bright flowers, you need to remember a few tips.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Hibiscus looks like a small shrub with dark green leaves and beautiful flowers. The size of this plant can vary depending on the species of Hibiscus. The mature plant is 3-6 feet (1-1.8 meters) tall and 2-4 feet (50-100 centimeters) wide. Hibiscus flowers are often red, yellow, or white. Flowers are 3-10 inches (7-25 centimeters) in diameter.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun for optimal growth and flowering.\nAt least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily is ideal.\nIn very hot climates, some afternoon shade can prevent leaf scorch.","Watering":"Keep soil consistently moist but well-draining.\nWater deeply when the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry.\nAvoid waterlogging which can lead to root rot.\nIncrease watering during active growth and blooming periods; reduce slightly in winter.","Soil":"Prefers rich, well-draining soil high in organic matter.<br>\nA loamy soil mix amended with compost or peat works well.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures between 18–30°C (65–86°F).<br>\nSensitive to frost; temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can cause damage.<br>\nProtect from cold drafts and prolonged exposure to temperatures under 15°C (59°F).","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity (50–70%).<br>\nBenefit from regular misting or a humidity tray in dry indoor environments.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2 weeks during the growing season (spring to early fall) with a balanced, high-phosphorus fertilizer to encourage flowering.<br>\nReduce fertilization in winter.","Pruning":"Prune after flowering to shape the plant and encourage bushier growth.<br>\nRemove dead or weak stems to promote air circulation and prevent disease.","Propagation":"Propagate by softwood cuttings taken in spring or summer.<br>\nCuttings root readily in moist soil or water with warm temperatures.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nHibiscus rosa-sinensis is generally non-toxic to humans. However, some individuals may experience mild skin irritation from handling the sap.<br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nConsidered non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it safe for pet owners.<br>\n•Ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset but is not considered dangerous.<br>\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\nNo significant toxic compounds have been identified in this species."}
Coleus (Coleus scutellarioides) Lamiaceae

53 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Coleus, or Plectranthus scutellarioides, is a versatile and stunning tropical plant that boasts vibrant foliage in a range of colors, from pink and purple to red, yellow, and bright green.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This herbaceous plant, native to Southeast Asia, can grow up to 3 feet (im) tall and wide and is commonly grown for its foliage.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Coleus plants have square-shaped and semi-succulent stems, with leaves ranging from 1 to 6 inches (2.5-15 cm) long. These leaves come in many different shapes and sizes depending on the cultivar. Although seasonal bloomers, they can produce small white or bluish flowers at any time of the year. Interestingly, the flowers are believed to draw energy from the colorful leaves.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate partial shade.\nToo much direct sun may scorch the leaves, especially in hotter climates.\nInsufficient light can reduce vibrancy and cause leggy growth.","Watering":"Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.\nWater when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry.\nAvoid letting the plant sit in standing water to prevent root rot.\nReduce watering slightly in cooler months when growth slows.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, fertile potting mix rich in organic matter.\nA peat-based or loamy soil with added perlite is ideal.","Temperature":"Thrives between 18–24°C (65–75°F).\nSensitive to cold; avoid temperatures below 10°C (50°F).\nProtect from drafts and sudden temperature drops.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity but adapts well to typical indoor levels.Occasional misting or a humidity tray can be beneficial in dry air.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength.\nReduce feeding during fall and winter.","Pruning":"Regularly pinch back growing tips to promote bushier, compact foliage.\nRemove any flowers to focus energy on leaf development and prevent legginess.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by stem cuttings taken from healthy, non-flowering shoots.\nRoot cuttings in water or moist soil under warm, humid conditions.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nColeus is generally considered non-toxic to humans.<br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nMildly toxic to pets.<br>\n\t•\tIngestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea but is not life-threatening.<br>\n\t•\tToxic Compounds:<br>\nContains diterpenoid compounds which can cause mild irritation if ingested in large amounts."}
Lawn Grass Poaceae

54 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Lawn grasses are a group of plant species cultivated to create a uniform, dense ground cover. The grass is an integral part of any lawn, park, or sports field-all thanks to its abilit form a resilient and visually appealing surface.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Lawn grasses can grow in two ways: clumping or spreading. While clumping grasses grov bunches, the spreading ones expand via stolons and rhizomes. But both kinds cover grour quickly and fill in bare spots, creating a beautiful and cohesive lawn.</p> {"Light":"Lawn grasses generally prefer full sun to thrive, especially warm-season varieties.\nSome cool-season grasses can tolerate partial shade but may thin out without adequate light.","Watering":"Require consistent moisture for lush growth but avoid waterlogging.\nDeep, infrequent watering encourages deep root development and drought tolerance.\nOverwatering can cause fungal diseases and shallow rooting.","Soil":"Prefer well-draining, fertile soils with good organic content.\nSoil pH typically between 6.0 and 7.5 is ideal for most lawn grasses.","Temperature":"Cool-season grasses grow best in temperatures between 15–24°C (59–75°F).<br>\nWarm-season grasses prefer 24–32°C (75–90°F).<br>\n•Each grass species has specific temperature preferences and dormancy periods.<br>","Humidity":"Adaptable to a range of humidity levels depending on species and climate.<br>\n•Warm-season grasses tend to be more drought and heat tolerant.","Fertilization":"Regular fertilization with nitrogen-rich lawn fertilizers promotes dense, green growth.<br>\n•Frequency varies, commonly 3–6 times per growing season depending on grass type.","Pruning":"•\tFrequent mowing is essential to maintain turf health and appearance.\nMowing height depends on grass species but generally ranges from 2.5 to 7.5 cm (1 to 3 inches).\nAvoid cutting more than one-third of the leaf blade at a time to prevent stress.","Propagation":"Established via seeds, plugs, sod, or sprigs depending on species and site conditions.<br>\nSeed germination times and methods vary widely.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nLawn grasses are generally non-toxic to humans and safe for typical outdoor and indoor use.<br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nNon-toxic but some pets may have mild allergies or irritations.<br>\nPesticides or herbicides applied to lawns may pose risks if ingested.<br>\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\nNone naturally toxic, but caution advised regarding chemical treatments."}
Kentia Palm (Howea forsteriana) Arecaceae

55 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Kentia Palm, botanically known as Howea forsteriana, is a really cool houseplant to have. It has these long, elegant fronds and dark green, feathery leaves that can grow up to 10 feet (3 meters) long. Inside, it can reach a height of 10-12 (3-3.6 meters) feet, so it's a real attention-grabber in any room. What's great about the Palm is that it stays green all year round with hardly any changes, so you'll always have that lush, tropical vibe.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but tolerates lower light levels better than many other palms.\nAvoid direct sunlight which can scorch the fronds.","Watering":"Water moderately, allowing the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil to dry out between waterings.\nAvoid overwatering to prevent root rot; ensure excellent drainage.\nReduce watering frequency in winter when growth slows.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, rich potting mix, often formulated for palms or houseplants.<br>\nA mix of peat, pine bark, and perlite or sand works well.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 16–24°C (60–75°F).<br->\nCan tolerate brief periods down to 10°C (50°F) but is not frost-hardy.<br>\nProtect from cold drafts and sudden temperature changes.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity (40–60%).<br>\nBenefits from occasional misting or a humidity tray in dry environments.","Fertilization":"Feed every 6–8 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, slow-release or liquid fertilizer formulated for palms.\nAvoid over-fertilizing to prevent leaf burn.","Pruning":"Remove yellowing or dead fronds at the base to maintain appearance and health.<br>\nAvoid excessive pruning which can stress the plant.","Propagation":"Propagation is difficult and generally done by seed, which is slow and uncommon for indoor growers.\nDivision is not practical as it grows from a single trunk.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nKentia Palm is non-toxic to humans and safe for indoor environments.<br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nConsidered non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-friendly palm option.<br>\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\nNo known toxic compounds are present."}
China Rose (Rosa chinensis) Rosaceae

61 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Rosa chinensis, commonly known as the China rose, is a magnificent deciduous shrub native to East Asia, prized for its showy, fragrant blooms. Their fragrance can be described as light yet sweet. Thus, this type of rose will be an aesthetic accent to your yard.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Belonging to the Rosacee family, this Rosa chinensis can grow up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) tall and wide, producing simple, dark green glossy leaves and prickles along the entire stems.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The China Rose is famous for its bright, colorful blooms that come in various shades, including pink, red, and white. It is an excellent plant for gardens and containers, and it's a beautiful cut flower for indoor arrangements.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun to thrive and produce abundant blooms.\nAt least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily is ideal.\nIn hot climates, some afternoon shade can prevent petal scorch.","Watering":"Water deeply and regularly during active growth and blooming periods.\nKeep soil evenly moist but well-draining; avoid waterlogging.\nReduce watering in winter when plant is dormant.","Soil":"Prefers fertile, well-draining soil rich in organic matter.<br>\n\t•Slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0) is optimal.","Temperature":"Best grown in temperatures between 15–28°C (59–82°F).\nTolerates mild frost but severe cold can damage the plant.\nProtect from extreme temperature fluctuations.","Humidity":"Tolerates a wide range of humidity levels but thrives best in moderate humidity.\nGood air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer formulated for roses.Additional potassium-rich fertilizer can encourage better flowering.","Pruning":"Prune in late winter or early spring to shape and remove dead or weak stems.\nLight pruning after flowering can encourage a second bloom.","Propagation":"Commonly propagated by stem cuttings, grafting, or budding.\nRooting cuttings in warm, humid conditions encourages successful propagation.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nChina Rose is non-toxic to humans; however, thorns can cause minor skin injuries.<br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nNon-toxic to cats and dogs.<br>\n•Thorns may cause physical injury but the plant is not poisonous if ingested.<br>\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\nNo significant toxic compounds identified."}
Mophead Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) Hydrangeaceae

62 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Mophead Hydrangea is a stunning shrub native to Japan and Korea, renowned for its large, showy flower heads that come in shades of blue, pink, and purple. These blooms, often referred to as "mopheads" due to their rounded shape, appear in late spring to summer and add a pop of color to any garden. The plant can grow between 3-6 feet (90-180 cm) tall and wide, making it a perfect choice for garden borders or as a standalone feature.</p> {"Light":"Prefers partial shade to filtered sunlight.\nMorning sun with afternoon shade is ideal to prevent leaf scorch.\nToo much direct sun can cause wilting and reduce bloom longevity.","Watering":"Requires consistently moist, well-draining soil.\nWater deeply during dry spells, especially in hot weather.\nMulching helps retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.","Soil":"Prefers rich, well-draining, acidic to neutral soils (pH 5.0–7.0).\nSoil pH influences flower color: acidic soils yield blue flowers, alkaline soils produce pink flowers.","Temperature":"Thrives in moderate climates with temperatures between 15–24°C (59–75°F).<br>\nHardy in USDA zones 6–9.\nProtect from harsh winter winds and extreme heat.","Humidity":"Thrives in moderate humidity but benefits from good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring and again after the first bloom to promote continued flowering. Avoid excessive nitrogen which can encourage leaf growth over flowers.","Pruning":"Prune after flowering by removing spent blooms and dead or weak stems.\nFor best blooms, prune lightly, as Mophead Hydrangeas bloom on old wood. Heavy pruning can reduce flowering the next season.","Propagation":"Easily propagated through softwood or semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late spring or summer.\nLayering and division are also possible methods.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nContains small amounts of cyanogenic glycosides; ingestion can cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort but is generally not dangerous.<br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nMophead Hydrangea is considered mildly toxic to pets.<br>\n•Ingestion may lead to symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy.<br>\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\nCyanogenic glycosides that can release cyanide when metabolized in large amounts."}
Ghost plant( Graptopetalum paraguayense) Crassulaceae

63 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Ghost plants (Graptopetalum paraguayense) can change the coloring of their leaves, becoming pinkish-yellow in hot and dry conditions and blue-gray if in partial shade. This greenie is one of the easiest succulents to maintain. Pay attention, novice flower growers!</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Graptopetalum paraguayense is an evergreen succulent from the Crassulaceae family, the homeland of which was initially considered to be the highlands of Paraguay. Ghost plants produce white flowers in spring. They are often grown in hanging pots.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun to bright, indirect light. Outdoors, it does best in full sun. Indoors, place near a south or west-facing window. Insufficient light causes legginess and dull color.\n","Watering":"Use the “soak and dry” method. Allow the soil to completely dry out between waterings. Water less in winter. Overwatering can easily lead to root rot.\n","Soil":"Requires a well-draining cactus or succulent mix. You can also mix regular potting soil with sand or perlite to improve drainage.\n","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 18–26°C (65–78°F). It is not frost-tolerant and should be protected from temperatures below 5°C (41°F). In cold climates, it’s best grown in containers and brought indoors during winter.","Humidity":"Ghost plants prefer low to moderate humidity and dry environments. High humidity with poor air circulation increases the risk of fungal issues.","Fertilization":"Fertilize sparingly. Use a balanced, diluted cactus fertilizer once every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer). No need to fertilize in winter.","Pruning":"Little pruning is needed. Remove dead leaves and spent flower stalks to encourage healthy growth and maintain appearance. Leggy stems can be trimmed and propagated.","Propagation":"Easily propagated via leaf cuttings, stem cuttings, or offsets. Allow cuttings to callous over for a day or two before planting them in dry soil.\n","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nGraptopetalum paraguayense is non-toxic to humans. It is safe to handle, grow, and even occasionally consumed in small quantities in traditional remedies.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\n\nThis plant is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs according to the ASPCA and other major toxicology databases. However, ingestion of large amounts may still cause mild gastrointestinal upset like vomiting or diarrhea due to fibrous plant material.<br>\n\n-Toxic Compounds:<br>\n\nGhost Plant contains no known toxic alkaloids, saponins, oxalates, or irritants that would typically affect humans or pets. Its sap is not irritating to the skin, and the plant is generally very safe."}
Spearmint(Mentha spicata) Lamiaceae

64 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Easy to grow and used both fresh and dry, Spearmint has no rivals among the herbs you can cultivate.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Spearmint (Mentha spicata) is also known as Garden Mint, Common Mint, Lamb Mint, and Mackerel Mint. It is naturally found in all continents except for Australia. Its most widely used name derives from the pointed leaf tips called "spears". A herbaceous plant, Spearmint has a wide underground rhizome. It flavors food, herbal teas, and aromatic oil in cosmetics.</p> {"Light":"\nSpearmint thrives in full sun to partial shade. Ideally, it should receive at least 4–6 hours of sunlight daily. Too much shade can reduce leaf aroma and vigor.","Watering":"Requires consistently moist soil, especially during hot or dry weather. Avoid waterlogging, but do not allow the soil to dry out completely. Container plants need more frequent watering.\n","Soil":"Grows best in rich, loamy, and well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.5). Adding organic compost improves growth and flavor.","Temperature":"Prefers moderate temperatures between 13–30°C (55–86°F). It is cold-hardy and can survive light frosts, but extreme heat may cause leaf scorching.\n","Humidity":"Spearmint appreciates moderate to high humidity, though it adapts well to typical indoor and outdoor conditions. Ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases.\n","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer once a month during the growing season (spring through summer). Over-fertilization can reduce the potency of its flavor and aroma.\n","Pruning":"Regular pruning promotes bushier growth and prevents flowering, which can reduce leaf quality. Cut back the plant by one-third every few weeks to encourage new shoots.\n","Propagation":"Easily propagated via root division, stem cuttings, or by allowing runners to root naturally in the soil. Root division is the most reliable method for maintaining vigor.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nSpearmint is generally considered non-toxic and is widely used in food and beverages. However, consuming large quantities of spearmint essential oil can be harmful due to concentrated compounds like carvone and limonene, which may cause liver damage or gastrointestinal distress.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\n\nIn small amounts, fresh spearmint leaves are not considered toxic to cats and dogs. However, ingestion of large quantities—especially of spearmint essential oil—can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and liver or central nervous system issues. Essential oil exposure is more dangerous than leaf ingestion.<br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\n•Carvone: The primary compound responsible for the minty flavor; relatively safe in small doses but can be irritating in large quantities.<br>\n•Limonene: Can cause mild skin irritation and is mildly toxic to pets in high concentrations.<br>\n•Menthone (minor amount): Less potent than in peppermint but still worth noting."}
African Violet(Saintpaulia ionantha) Gesneriaceae

65 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The African violet came to Europe in the 19th century and has been one of the most famou houseplants in the world ever since then. Ease of care, compact size, and delicate color have made African violet popular among gardeners.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">African violet can be 4-6 inches (10-15 centimeters) high and 5-6 inches (12-15 centimeters in diameter. Today, breeders have created wide varieties of African violet. All of them differ in the color of the flowers - from purple and dark blue to red, pink, and white.</p> {"Light":"African Violets thrive in bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, while low light reduces flowering. Fluorescent grow lights can also be used successfully indoors.\n","Watering":"Keep soil consistently moist but not soggy. Use lukewarm water and avoid getting water on the leaves to prevent leaf spotting. Bottom-watering is often preferred to maintain leaf health.\n","Soil":"Requires a light, well-aerated, and fast-draining soil mix. A peat-based African violet potting mix with added perlite or vermiculite is ideal.\n","Temperature":"Ideal temperatures are between 18–24°C (65–75°F). The plant is sensitive to cold drafts and temperature fluctuations. Avoid exposing it to temperatures below 15°C (59°F).","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity (around 50–60%). If the air is too dry, use a humidity tray or room humidifier. Avoid misting the leaves.\n","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer formulated for African Violets every 2–4 weeks during the growing season. Too much fertilizer can cause salt buildup and leaf browning.\n","Pruning":"Deadhead spent flowers and remove yellowing or damaged leaves regularly to promote new growth and maintain a compact shape.\n","Propagation":"Easily propagated from leaf cuttings placed in moist soil or water. With proper care, new plantlets develop from the leaf base within a few weeks.\n","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nSaintpaulia ionantha is non-toxic to humans. It is safe to touch, grow, and keep in homes, including those with children.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\n\nThis plant is also non-toxic to cats and dogs according to the ASPCA. It poses no significant health risks even if small amounts of leaf material are accidentally ingested.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\n\nAfrican Violets do not contain any known toxic alkaloids, oxalates, or saponins. They are considered one of the safest houseplants for pet-friendly households and are often recommended for environments where children or animals are present.\n"}
Ornamental Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Solanaceae

66 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Ornamental Peppers are easy to care for and produce a variety of colorful fruits and foliage, making them a vibrant addition to any garden. They continue to bear fruit from mid-spring to fall and create an attractive display with their bushy green leaves and clusters of colorful berries.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">These cool peppers, often treated as annuals, produce a range of colorful fruits resembling pearls or Christmas lights. They come in various shades, and their foliage is available in blue-green or purple-burgundy hues, but don't get fooled by its pretty looks - the leaves are quite toxic, especially to pets. With a typical height and width of 6 to 12 inches (15-30 cm), these plants feature pink, purple, or white blooms and can be grown in containers, making them low-maintenance options for garden displays.</p> {"Light":"Ornamental peppers require full sun for optimal growth and fruit coloration. At least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight per day is ideal, though they can tolerate bright indoor light if grown indoors.","Watering":"Keep the soil evenly moist, allowing the top inch to dry out between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering may cause leaf drop and fruit shriveling.\n","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, loamy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Avoid compacted or overly rich soils that retain excess moisture.\n","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures between 21–29°C (70–85°F). Growth slows significantly below 15°C (59°F), and the plant is sensitive to frost.\n","Humidity":"Adaptable to average household humidity but performs best in moderate to slightly high humidity (around 40–60%).\n","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 2–3 weeks during the growing season. High phosphorus content encourages flowering and fruit development.","Pruning":"Prune lightly to shape and remove dead or diseased foliage. Pinching back young stems can encourage bushier growth and increased fruit production.","Propagation":"Propagated by seeds, which germinate within 7–14 days under warm, moist conditions. Seeds can be harvested from ripe fruits.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nWhile Capsicum annuum fruits are technically edible, ornamental varieties are extremely pungent and may cause oral irritation, burning sensation, and gastrointestinal upset when consumed in significant quantities. Children may be especially sensitive due to the high capsaicin content. Contact with eyes or broken skin can also result in intense burning and irritation.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\n\nOrnamental pepper plants are considered mildly to moderately toxic to pets. Ingestion may cause excessive salivation, oral irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, and signs of abdominal discomfort. Capsaicin, the active compound responsible for the heat in peppers, is irritating to the mucous membranes of animals.<br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds:<br>\n\t•Capsaicin: The primary irritant; affects both humans and animals, particularly in mucosal tissues.<br>\n\t•Solanine (trace amounts): A glycoalkaloid found in immature or green parts of the plant; can be mildly toxic if consumed in quantity.\n"}
Dracaena Compacta( Dracaena fragrans) Asparagaceae

67 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Dracaena compacta plant, a compact, slow growing member of the Dracaena family, is native to South East Africa. It is often referred to as Dracaena fragrans or Dracaena deremensis.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The closest relative of the Compacta is the Dracaena janet craig, but the Compacta is quite different in appearance. The Dracaena Compacta has a thick green stem and several clumps of short dark green leaves 2"-4" in length. It's a beautiful addition to homes or offices, but it's a bit more difficult and more expensive than other dracaenas. Dracaena compacta plants are considered by some to be slightly poisonous, especially to dogs and cats.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. It can tolerate lower light conditions but will grow more slowly and may lose its deep green coloration. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can scorch the leaves.\n","Watering":"Water moderately, allowing the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of the soil to dry out before rewatering. Overwatering is the most common cause of decline, leading to root rot. Reduce watering frequency in winter.\n","Soil":"Requires well-draining potting soil. A mix formulated for houseplants with added perlite or sand improves drainage and aeration.\n","Temperature":"Thrives in warm indoor conditions between 18–26°C (65–79°F). It should be kept away from cold drafts and never exposed to temperatures below 13°C (55°F).","Humidity":"Tolerates normal indoor humidity levels but appreciates slightly elevated humidity. If the air is very dry, occasional misting or a pebble tray may help prevent leaf tip browning.\n","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer once a month during the growing season (spring and summer). Avoid fertilizing in winter when growth is minimal.\n","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is needed. Remove yellowing or dead leaves at the base to maintain a neat appearance. Overgrown plants can be topped, and the cuttings rooted for propagation.\n","Propagation":"Propagated by stem cuttings. Sections of the cane can be rooted in water or moist soil. New shoots will often emerge from the original stem after cutting.\n","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nDracaena fragrans ‘Compacta’ is considered non-toxic to humans and poses no significant risk upon casual contact. However, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, especially in children, due to the presence of saponins. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\n\nThis plant is toxic to pets, particularly cats and dogs. Ingestion may result in vomiting, drooling, loss of appetite, dilated pupils (in cats), and lethargy. Symptoms are usually mild to moderate but should be evaluated by a veterinarian. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•Saponins: These naturally occurring compounds act as a defense mechanism and can cause gastrointestinal irritation, foaming, and vomiting in pets. <br>\n•The leaves and stems are most concentrated with these compounds."}
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Cucurbitaceae

68 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Cucumbers are super easy to grow and perfect for picking when the weather gets warm.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">They come in many varieties that can thrive in different climates, so you've got options!</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Cucumis sativus is a popular veggie that's famous for its long, green fruit that's perfect for salads, sandwiches, and all sorts of delicious dishes. Now, if you're trying to figure out what kind of plant it is, there are a few telltale signs. First, it's got big, dark green leaves that are often cut into lobes or have jagged edges. The fruit itself has green skin, which can be prickly at times, and it grows on climbing vines. When the fruit is ready to be picked, it ll feel firm and have a slight curve.</p> {"Light":"Cucumbers require full sun to thrive — ideally at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight per day. Lack of sufficient sunlight will reduce fruit production and lead to leggy growth.","Watering":"Cucumbers need consistent and deep watering, especially during flowering and fruit development. Keep soil evenly moist but never soggy. Irregular watering can cause bitter fruits and poor fruit shape. Use mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds.","Soil":"Prefers loamy, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. Ideal soil pH is between 6.0–7.0. Amend soil with compost before planting for best results.\n","Temperature":"Cucumbers are warm-season crops. Optimal growing temperatures are 21–29°C (70–85°F). They are very sensitive to frost and should only be planted outdoors after the danger of frost has passed. Nighttime temperatures below 15°C (59°F) can negatively impact fruit set.\n","Humidity":"Moderate humidity levels are preferred. Excessive humidity, especially around the foliage, can increase the risk of fungal diseases like powdery mildew. Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering.","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced fertilizer or a vegetable-specific formula high in potassium and phosphorus. Apply a nitrogen-rich fertilizer during the early growth phase, followed by phosphorus and potassium once flowering begins.\n","Pruning":"Prune only if necessary to manage vine spread or improve airflow. Removing lateral shoots can encourage the main stem’s growth and increase yield in limited spaces. In large garden beds, pruning is often not required.\n","Propagation":"Typically propagated from seeds. Direct sow outdoors after frost, or start indoors 3–4 weeks earlier in biodegradable pots. Transplant gently to avoid disturbing the roots. Germination occurs within 3–10 days at 21–27°C (70–80°F).\n","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nCucumber fruit is non-toxic and edible, widely consumed by humans in a variety of culinary forms. However, the leaves, stems, and unripe fruits may contain cucurbitacins, bitter-tasting compounds that can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea if consumed in large amounts. These compounds are typically bred out of cultivated varieties but can still be present under environmental stress (e.g., drought).<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets:<br>\n\nCucumbers are considered non-toxic to pets such as cats and dogs. Ingesting small amounts of fruit or leaves is generally safe, though the bitter compounds in the foliage could cause mild digestive discomfort if consumed in large quantities.<br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds (if present):<br>\n\t•\tCucurbitacins (found in wild or stressed plants): Can cause gastrointestinal irritation in both humans and animals.<br>\n\t•\tThese compounds are part of the plant’s natural defense and have a very bitter taste, which usually prevents ingestion in significant quantities."}
Red-leaf Philodendron(Philodendron erubescens) Araceae

69 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Red-Leaf Philodendron is a perfect fit for the trend of tropical evergreen plants. Even if you are not a seasoned gardener, this plant is absolutely manageable. Its bright green and red colors and heart-shaped leaves will create a cozy atmosphere at your home.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This evergreen tropical plant is known as Philodendron erubescens, Philodendron Imperial Red, Red-Leaf Philodendron, or the Blushing Philodendron. It is found in Colombia and can reach up to 10-20 feet (3-6 m). Its red stems and flowers are responsible for the nickname</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">"blushing".</p> {"Light":"Red-leaf Philodendrons thrive in bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, while too little light may result in leggy growth and faded leaf color. They adapt well to filtered light near north or east-facing windows.\n","Watering":"Water regularly but allow the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering may cause drooping and browning leaf edges. In winter, reduce watering frequency.\n","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, loose potting mix rich in organic matter. A mix of peat moss, perlite, and orchid bark works well, ensuring both moisture retention and aeration.\n","Temperature":"Prefers warm, stable temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). Avoid cold drafts and temperatures below 12°C (54°F). It is sensitive to sudden temperature drops.\n","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity (above 50%). While it can tolerate average indoor humidity, misting, using a humidifier, or placing it on a pebble tray will encourage better growth and prevent crisping leaf tips.\n","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Over-fertilization can lead to salt buildup and leaf damage.\n","Pruning":"Prune to control shape or remove damaged leaves. Regular pruning can also encourage bushier growth. Sterilize pruning shears before use to avoid disease spread.\n","Propagation":"Propagated easily through stem cuttings with at least one node. Cuttings can be rooted in water or a moist, well-draining soil mix. Propagation is best done during the spring or summer growing season.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nPhilodendron erubescens is toxic if ingested. It contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause intense oral irritation, burning sensation, swelling of lips, tongue, and throat, nausea, and difficulty swallowing. It should be kept out of reach of children. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets: <br>\n\nThis plant is toxic to cats and dogs. <br> Ingesting the leaves or stems may result in drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth, oral swelling, and difficulty breathing due to the calcium oxalate crystals. Veterinary attention may be required in more serious cases. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tInsoluble calcium oxalates – Sharp needle-like crystals that irritate soft tissues. <br>\n\t•\tProteolytic enzymes – May enhance irritation or swelling. <br>\n\n⚠️ Important: Even small amounts can cause symptoms in sensitive individuals or animals. Always wash hands after handling the plant and avoid contact with eyes or mucous membranes.\n"}
Jalapeño chili plant (Capsicum annuum ‘Jalapeño’) Solanaceae

70 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Jalapeno Chilli Plant is a variety of vegetable pepper that's traditionally grown in Mexico.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Culinary experts appreciate these medium-sized hot peppers for their spicy taste, and you can grow Jalapenos at home.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Jalapeno is a perennial plant. Its height can reach up to 25 inches (60cm). However, lower bushes bear fruit more actively. During the flowering period, the plant produces 25-35 flowers, each of which becomes a fruit. From May to June, the plant produces medium-sized elongated fruits with firm flesh. These fruits are rich in seeds.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun (6–8+ hours daily). Insufficient light leads to reduced fruiting and leggy growth. In colder regions, position in the sunniest possible spot or use supplemental grow lights indoors.\n","Watering":"Needs consistent moisture, especially during flowering and fruit development. Water deeply when the top 2–3 cm of soil dries out, but avoid waterlogging. Drought stress may cause blossom-end rot or spicier fruit.\n","Soil":"Prefers well-drained, loamy or sandy soil rich in organic matter. Ideal pH is 6.0–6.8. Avoid heavy clay or overly alkaline soils. Raised beds or containers with drainage holes work well.\n","Temperature":"Thrives in warm conditions between 21–32°C (70–90°F). Sensitive to cold; growth slows below 15°C (59°F), and frost will kill the plant. Ideal for late spring to early autumn cultivation in temperate zones.","Humidity":"Jalapeños tolerate moderate humidity, but high humidity combined with poor airflow can encourage fungal infections. Good air circulation around the plant is key to reducing disease risk.\n","Fertilization":"Apply a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10 or similar) during early growth, switching to a phosphorus- and potassium-rich fertilizer once flowering begins to support fruiting. Avoid excessive nitrogen, which encourages leafy growth over fruit production.","Pruning":"Not always necessary but light pruning can promote airflow and focus energy on fruiting branches. Pinch growing tips when the plant is young to encourage bushier growth. Remove any yellowing or damaged leaves.\n","Propagation":"Primarily propagated by seeds. Start seeds indoors 6–8 weeks before the last frost date, then transplant outdoors after hardening off and when temperatures are consistently warm. Germination occurs in 7–14 days at 24–28°C (75–82°F).\n","Poisonous":"✅⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nJalapeño fruits are edible and safe for most humans, but they contain capsaicin, the compound responsible for the chili’s spiciness. Capsaicin can cause skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritation, and accidental contact with sensitive areas can result in burning sensations. People with sensitive digestion may experience gastric discomfort, cramps, or diarrhea after consumption. Seeds and ribs have the highest concentration of capsaicin. <br>\n\n⚠️ Handling Warning: Always wash hands thoroughly after touching cut fruit or leaves. Consider using gloves during harvest or food preparation. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets: <br>\n\nWhile not classified as highly toxic, capsaicin is an irritant to cats, dogs, and other animals. Ingestion may cause: <br>\n\t•\tOral irritation <br>\n\t•\tDrooling <br>\n\t•\tVomiting <br>\n\t•\tAbdominal pain <br>\n\t•\tDiarrhea <br>\n\nPets typically avoid spicy foods, but exposure to the fruit, seeds, or leaves can still result in discomfort. Contact with eyes or nose can cause severe irritation.\n\nToxic Compounds:\n\t•\tCapsaicin – Found in highest concentrations in the inner membrane and seeds. Not lethal but strongly irritant.\n\t•\tSolanine (trace amounts in unripe green parts or leaves) – A glycoalkaloid present in nightshade family plants, but generally not present at dangerous levels in cultivated jalapeños.\n"}
Giant Alocasia / Giant Taro(Alocasia macrorrhizos) Araceae

71 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Herbaceous shrub, up to 2.5m height. Leaves very large, heart-shaped, silvery green sheen above, purplish veins on underside, prominent veins. Monoecious species (separate male and female flowers on same plant).Suitable for indoor landscaping. All parts of plant toxic upon ingestion, or may cause contact irritation.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Alocasia macrorrhizos is a species of flowering plant in the arum family (Araceae) that it is native to rainforests of Island Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Queensland and has long been cultivated in the Philippines, many Pacific islands, and elsewhere in the tropics.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Common names include giant taro, 'ape, giant alocasia, biga, and pia. In Australia it is known as the cunjevoi (a term which also refers to a marine animal).</p> {"Light":"Giant Alocasia thrives in bright, indirect light or dappled sunlight. Outdoors, it performs best in partial shade. Indoors, it should be kept near a bright window, avoiding harsh direct sun that can scorch its leaves.\n","Watering":"Requires frequent and consistent watering during the growing season. The soil should be kept moist but not soggy. Reduce watering slightly in winter, but do not allow the soil to dry out completely. Use lukewarm, non-chlorinated water if possible.\n","Soil":"Prefers a rich, well-draining soil with high organic content. A mix of peat, loam, perlite, and compost works well. It thrives in slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5–7.0). Ensure excellent drainage to prevent root rot.\n","Temperature":"Prefers warm, tropical temperatures between 20–32°C (68–90°F). It is highly sensitive to cold and should be protected from temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Frost will damage or kill the plant.\n","Humidity":"Requires high humidity levels (60–80%). Dry air may cause leaf tips to brown. Mist regularly or use a humidifier indoors. Grouping it with other tropical plants can help increase ambient humidity.\n","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during spring and summer using a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (such as 20-20-20) diluted to half strength. Avoid overfertilization, as salt buildup can burn roots.\n","Pruning":"Remove yellowing or damaged leaves to maintain appearance and plant health. Pruning is minimal and mostly cosmetic. Always use clean, sharp tools.","Propagation":"Typically propagated via division of rhizomes during the spring or early summer. Separate a section of the root system with at least one active shoot and replant in fresh soil.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nAlocasia macrorrhizos is toxic if ingested. All parts of the plant, especially the rhizomes and leaves, contain calcium oxalate crystals (raphides), which can cause intense oral and throat irritation, burning, swelling, and difficulty breathing or swallowing. Even skin contact with the sap may lead to dermatitis or irritation in sensitive individuals. <br>\n\nNote: In some cultures, the rhizomes are used as food after extensive cooking, soaking, and leaching, which removes most of the toxic compounds. Raw consumption is dangerous. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets: <br>\n\nToxic to cats, dogs, and other animals. If ingested, symptoms may include: <br>\n\t•\tDrooling <br>\n\t•\tVomiting <br>\n\t•\tPawing at the mouth <br>\n\t•\tOral pain or swelling <br>\n\t•\tLoss of appetite <br>\n\t•\tIn severe cases, difficulty breathing <br>\n\nVeterinary care is advised if symptoms persist. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tInsoluble calcium oxalates (raphides): Cause mechanical injury to oral and digestive tissues. <br>\n\t•\tProteolytic enzymes: May exacerbate irritation and inflammation upon exposure. <br>\n\n⚠️ Caution: Always wear gloves when handling the plant or cutting its stems. Keep out of reach of children and pets.\n"}
Dracaena Carmen(Dracaena fragrans ‘Carmen’) Asparagaceae

72 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Dracaena fragrans ‘Carmen’ is a popular cultivar of the corn plant known for its architectural form and broad, arching green leaves edged with creamy yellow margins. This evergreen tropical shrub is native to Africa and is widely appreciated as a low-maintenance indoor foliage plant that tolerates a variety of indoor conditions. It typically grows upright, reaching heights of 1.2–2 meters (4–6 feet) indoors, with a woody cane-like stem and rosette-forming foliage. Its subtle variegation and air-purifying qualities make it ideal for offices, homes, and commercial interiors.</span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but is adaptable to low-light environments. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can scorch the leaf tips and edges, particularly the lighter variegated areas.\n","Watering":"Water when the top 2–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil feels dry. It prefers even moisture, but it is sensitive to overwatering and poor drainage, which can cause root rot. Reduce watering frequency in winter. Allow excess water to drain away fully.\n","Soil":"Grows best in a well-draining, peat-based potting mix. A mixture formulated for houseplants or palms is ideal. Ensure containers have adequate drainage holes.\n","Temperature":"Thrives in average room temperatures of 18–27°C (65–80°F). Avoid exposure to cold drafts or temperatures below 12°C (54°F), which can cause leaf damage.","Humidity":"Tolerates average household humidity, though it prefers slightly elevated humidity (40–60%). In dry indoor climates, consider occasional misting or placing near a humidifier.\n","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the active growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10). Avoid fertilizing in winter.","Pruning":"Pruning is minimal and mainly for aesthetic purposes. Remove yellowing or dead leaves regularly. Tall stems can be cut back to encourage bushier growth or to propagate.\n","Propagation":"Easily propagated via stem cuttings or air layering. Sections of the cane can be rooted in water or soil, ideally during spring or summer.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nDracaena Carmen is mildly toxic if ingested by humans, particularly in large quantities. The plant contains saponins, which can cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea if parts of the plant are consumed. Skin contact with sap may cause irritation in sensitive individuals.<br> \n⚠️Toxicity to Pets: <br>\n\nDracaena species, including ‘Carmen’, are toxic to cats and dogs. Symptoms of ingestion may include: <br>\n\t•\tVomiting (possibly with blood) <br>\n\t•\tLoss of appetite <br>\n\t•\tDrooling <br> \n\t•\tDilated pupils (especially in cats) <br>\n\t•\tWeakness and incoordination\n\n<br>\n\nThese effects are typically not fatal but may require veterinary attention depending on the quantity ingested. <br>\n\n-Toxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tSaponins: Natural compounds that act as mild irritants in the gastrointestinal tract. <br>\n\t•\tUnknown phenolic compounds: May cause oral discomfort or hypersalivation. <br>\n\n⚠️ Keep out of reach of pets and small children. Always wash hands after pruning or repotting.\n"}
Ti Leaf (Cordyline fruticosa) Asparagaceae

73 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">A perfect companion to any Mediterranean-style garden, the Ti Leaf is easy to grow and has large gorgeous leaves with beautiful flowers during the summer.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Ti leaf (Cordyline fruticosa) is a perennial evergreen that grows as a shrub. It is native to regions of Southeast Asia, Hawaii, and Australia.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Ti leaf, when grown outdoors, can reach heights of 3-12ft(1-4m) and is also perfect for growing indoors, reaching more manageable heights of 3-6ft (1-2m).</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">You can identify the Ti leaf by its large leaves, which appear in various colors, including red, green, purple, black, and pink. Identification is made more straightforward due to the small pink or white flowers that bloom during the summer.</p> {"Light":"Ti Leaf prefers bright, indirect light to maintain the vivid colors of its leaves. While it can tolerate lower light conditions, doing so often results in fading of the vibrant hues. Direct sunlight, especially in hot climates, should be avoided as it can cause leaf scorching and tip burn. A position near an east- or north-facing window indoors is ideal.","Watering":"Ti Leaf requires consistently moist but well-draining soil. The soil should not be allowed to fully dry out, but overwatering should also be avoided, as soggy conditions can lead to root rot. During the growing season (spring and summer), the plant should be watered regularly, reducing the frequency slightly in the cooler months. Using filtered or distilled water is recommended, as the plant is sensitive to fluoride and salts often found in tap water, which can cause brown leaf tips.","Soil":"A loose, well-aerated potting mix that retains some moisture but drains well is ideal for Ti Leaf. A mixture formulated for tropical foliage plants or a blend of peat moss, perlite, and pine bark provides a suitable growing medium. Good drainage is essential to prevent waterlogging and root issues.","Temperature":"This plant thrives in warm, stable temperatures between 18°C and 27°C (65°F to 80°F). It is sensitive to cold and should be protected from drafts or exposure to temperatures below 10°C (50°F), which can cause foliage damage or stunted growth. It is not frost-tolerant and should be kept indoors or in a greenhouse in temperate zones.","Humidity":"Being a tropical plant, Ti Leaf thrives in high humidity levels of 60% or higher. In dry indoor environments, especially during winter, increasing humidity through the use of a humidifier, pebble tray, or regular misting is beneficial. Brown leaf edges or curling may indicate that the air is too dry for the plant’s liking.","Fertilization":"Regular feeding during the active growing season helps support strong leaf development and coloration. A balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half-strength should be applied every two to four weeks in spring and summer. Fertilization can be reduced or stopped during fall and winter when the plant’s growth slows.","Pruning":"Pruning helps maintain the plant’s shape and encourages bushier growth. Any yellowing, damaged, or dying leaves should be removed at the base. Older plants can be rejuvenated by cutting back leggy stems, which may sprout new growth from the base or along the cut stems.","Propagation":"Ti Leaf is easily propagated through stem cuttings. A healthy stem can be cut into sections and planted in moist soil or water until roots develop. In warm, humid conditions, new shoots often emerge within a few weeks. This makes Ti Plant a great candidate for sharing or multiplying.","Poisonous":"✅Ti Leaf is considered non-toxic to humans and is even used traditionally in some culinary and ceremonial contexts in the Pacific Islands.<br>\n⚠️mildly toxic to pets such as cats and dogs. Ingestion may cause symptoms like vomiting or gastrointestinal upset due to the presence of saponins, though it is rarely life-threatening. It’s best to keep the plant out of reach of curious animals."}
Lace Aloe (Aristaloe aristata) Asphodelaceae

74 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Lace Aloe is a succulent from the genus Aristaloe family Asphodelacede. In the wild, it grows in South Africa at an altitude of 300-2125 m above sea level. This pretty greenie is cultivated throughout the world as a houseplant.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Outwardly, **Aristaloe aristata** is a bushy stemless plant. Lace Aloe has numerous leaves (100-150 per plant). The leaves are elongated, with small white spikes along the edges and white humps on the leaf plate. In late spring, Aristaloe produces a tall inflorescence with orange-red flowers. Under natural conditions, Aristaloe flowers in November.</p> {"Light":"Lace Aloe prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate several hours of direct sunlight, especially in cooler climates. When grown indoors, placing it near a south- or east-facing window will ensure it receives enough light to maintain its compact shape and vibrant leaf markings. If light levels are too low, the plant may become leggy and lose its vivid coloration.","Watering":"Like most succulents, Lace Aloe requires infrequent but thorough watering. It should be watered only when the soil is completely dry, typically every 10–14 days during the growing season. In winter, its watering needs decrease significantly and may only require a light watering once every 3–4 weeks. Overwatering is the most common cause of failure with this plant, so always err on the side of underwatering and ensure proper drainage.","Soil":"The plant thrives in a well-draining, gritty soil mix such as a cactus or succulent blend. You can enhance drainage by mixing in additional perlite, coarse sand, or pumice. Avoid using regular potting soil, which retains too much moisture and can lead to root rot.","Temperature":"This plant thrives in moderate temperatures between 18°C and 27°C (65°F to 80°F). It is relatively cold-tolerant for a succulent and can survive brief periods of frost down to -6°C (20°F) if kept dry. However, it is best to protect it from freezing temperatures, especially in wet conditions, as cold and moisture combined can lead to root or crown rot.","Humidity":"Lace Aloe prefers dry air and performs well in typical indoor humidity levels. High humidity is not necessary and can even be detrimental if combined with poor air circulation or overly wet soil, increasing the risk of fungal issues.","Fertilization":"Fertilize Lace Aloe sparingly during the growing season (spring and summer) using a diluted, low-nitrogen cactus or succulent fertilizer once a month. Avoid fertilizing in the fall and winter when the plant enters a dormant or slower-growth phase.","Pruning":"Pruning is generally not necessary, but dead or dried lower leaves can be gently removed to maintain a clean appearance. Flower stalks can be cut off at the base after blooming to encourage energy return to the rosette.","Propagation":"Lace Aloe can be propagated through offsets (pups), which form around the base of the mother plant. These can be gently separated and replanted once they have developed roots. Less commonly, propagation from seed is possible but requires patience and consistent warmth and moisture.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nLace Aloe (Aristaloe aristata) is considered non-toxic to humans and is generally regarded as safe to handle and grow indoors around adults and children. The sap may cause mild skin irritation in individuals with sensitive skin or allergies, particularly when the plant is cut or damaged, but such reactions are rare and not considered medically serious. Ingestion of small amounts is not likely to cause harm, but as with most ornamental plants, it is best not to consume any part of the plant, especially by young children. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nWhile Aristaloe aristata is often marketed as safer than true aloes like Aloe vera, it still contains certain bioactive compounds that may cause mild toxicity in pets. If a cat or dog chews on or ingests parts of the plant—particularly the leaves—they may experience symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, or lethargy. These effects are generally not life-threatening and tend to be self-limiting, but veterinary advice should be sought if symptoms are severe or persistent. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nLace Aloe contains low levels of saponins and anthraquinone glycosides, which are naturally occurring chemical compounds that can irritate the digestive tract when ingested. These are the same classes of compounds found in higher concentrations in related aloe species known to be toxic to pets."}
Fittonia albivenis (syn. Fittonia argyroneura) Acanthaceae

75 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Fittonia albivenis, commonly known as the Nerve Plant, is a low-growing, tropical evergreen perennial celebrated for its vibrant, veined foliage. It originates from the rainforests of Peru and other parts of South America, where it grows as a groundcover beneath the forest canopy. The most distinctive feature of the plant is its small, ovate leaves, which are deep green and beautifully overlaid with striking white, pink, or red vein patterns, depending on the cultivar. These vivid veins give rise to its common name and make it a favorite for terrariums, dish gardens, and shaded indoor spaces.</span></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Typically, the Nerve Plant remains compact, growing only about 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 inches) tall and spreading outward. Under optimal conditions, it may produce small, tubular, white or off-white flowers on short spikes, though flowering is relatively rare in indoor cultivation and is not its primary ornamental feature.</span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Fittonia prefers low to medium indirect light, mimicking its natural environment on the rainforest floor. It can tolerate low light better than many houseplants, making it ideal for offices or rooms with filtered or diffused light. However, overly dim conditions may result in leggy growth or loss of color intensity, while direct sun can scorch the delicate leaves.","Watering":"Fittonia requires consistently moist soil but should never sit in soggy conditions. It is sensitive to both overwatering and underwatering. Allow the top 2 to 3 cm (1 inch) of the soil to dry out between waterings. A dramatic sign of underwatering is wilting, but the plant usually recovers quickly after watering. Avoid letting the plant remain in a wilted state for extended periods, as it can stress the roots and reduce overall vigor.","Soil":"The Nerve Plant grows best in a rich, well-draining potting mix with good moisture retention. A standard houseplant mix amended with peat moss or coconut coir works well. Adding a small amount of perlite improves aeration and drainage.","Temperature":"The ideal temperature range for the Nerve Plant is between 18°C and 26°C (65°F to 79°F). It is highly sensitive to cold drafts, sudden temperature fluctuations, or exposure to temperatures below 15°C (59°F). Prolonged exposure to cold can result in leaf drop or plant death. It thrives in stable, warm indoor environments.","Humidity":"High humidity is essential for Fittonia to thrive. It prefers relative humidity levels above 60%. In dry indoor environments, especially during winter, the plant may suffer from brown leaf edges or leaf drop. Using a room humidifier, placing the pot on a humidity tray, or growing the plant in a terrarium can help maintain ideal conditions.","Fertilization":"During the growing season (spring through early fall), Fittonia benefits from monthly feeding with a balanced, water-soluble houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid over-fertilizing, as excess nutrients can lead to salt buildup or leaf burn. Fertilizer is not usually needed in winter.","Pruning":"Regular pruning encourages a bushier and more compact shape. Pinching back the tips helps prevent legginess. Yellowing or damaged leaves should be removed promptly to maintain the plant’s health and appearance.","Propagation":"Fittonia is easily propagated by stem cuttings. Healthy cuttings with at least one node can be rooted in water or directly in moist potting soil. The plant also spreads naturally via creeping stems, which can be divided and repotted when necessary.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nFittonia is considered non-toxic to humans. It is safe to grow in households with children, and there are no known compounds in the plant that pose poisoning risks if accidentally touched or ingested in small amounts. However, as with all ornamental plants, it is not intended for consumption, and ingesting large quantities may cause mild digestive discomfort due to plant fiber. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nFittonia is non-toxic to cats and dogs according to ASPCA guidelines and other trusted sources. It poses no known serious threat if a pet chews on or ingests the leaves. That said, some pets may experience mild gastrointestinal upset—such as vomiting or diarrhea—if they ingest large portions, typically due to plant fiber or unfamiliar plant matter rather than any toxic component. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThere are no identified toxic compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, or oxalates in Fittonia albivenis, making it one of the safest choices for pet-friendly indoor plant collections."}
Bird of Paradise (Strelitzia reginae) Strelitziaceae

76 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Bird of Paradise is an absolute beauty. Its vibrant orange and blue flowers enchant everyone, resembling a bird in flight.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Strelitzia reginae is a perennial member of the Strelitziacede family, originating from the subtropical regions of South Africa. The plant can reach 5-6 ft (1.5-2 m) in its natural habitat.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Grown indoors, it usually reaches 3-4 ft (90 cm-1.2 m) in height. The plant boasts large, paddle-shaped leaves and distinctive flowers which bloom several times a year. The leaves can grow up to 18 in (45 cm) long and produce cracks over their surface with time. It's a sign of a completely healthy plant, as, living in the wild, it needs the wind to blow through the foliage to not bend it to the ground.</p> {"Light":"Bird of Paradise prefers bright, direct to bright indirect light. Indoors, it does best near a large south- or west-facing window, where it can receive at least 4 to 6 hours of sunlight per day. Insufficient light may result in slow growth and no flowers. Outdoors, it enjoys full sun but appreciates some afternoon shade in very hot climates.","Watering":"Water regularly during the active growing season (spring and summer), keeping the soil evenly moist but never soggy. Allow the top 2.5–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil to dry out between waterings. Reduce watering in fall and winter when the plant’s growth slows. Avoid letting the plant sit in water, as soggy soil can lead to root rot.","Soil":"Bird of Paradise requires a rich, well-draining soil. A high-quality potting mix amended with perlite, sand, or bark to improve drainage is ideal. Outdoors, it prefers loamy soil with good aeration and slightly acidic to neutral pH.","Temperature":"Ideal temperatures range between 18°C and 30°C (65°F to 86°F). It does not tolerate frost and should be protected or brought indoors if temperatures fall below 10°C (50°F). A consistent, warm environment is crucial for flowering. Cooler temperatures may cause growth to stall or slow significantly.","Humidity":"This plant prefers moderate to high humidity, ideally between 50–70%. It can adapt to average indoor humidity but benefits from occasional misting, a pebble tray, or a humidifier, especially during dry winters or in air-conditioned environments.","Fertilization":"Feed the plant every 2 to 4 weeks during spring and summer with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (such as 10-10-10 or 20-20-20) diluted to half strength. Reduce feeding in fall and stop altogether in winter. Too much nitrogen can lead to lush foliage with little or no flowering.","Pruning":"Remove old, yellowing, or damaged leaves at the base of the stem to improve air circulation and appearance. After flowering, trim the spent flower stalks back to the base. Regular cleaning of dust from the large leaves helps the plant photosynthesize efficiently.","Propagation":"Bird of Paradise is most commonly propagated by division. Mature plants produce offsets that can be carefully separated during repotting. Seed propagation is also possible but slow, often taking several years before the plant matures and flowers.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nStrelitzia reginae is considered mildly toxic to humans. While contact with the plant is generally safe, ingestion of its seeds or flowers may cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or drowsiness. The sap may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals. It is not considered highly dangerous but should be kept out of reach of small children, particularly in households where plants are easily accessible. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nBird of Paradise is also mildly toxic to cats and dogs. The seeds and flower parts contain plant compounds—such as tannins and hydrocyanic acid derivatives—that may lead to gastrointestinal distress when ingested. Reported symptoms include vomiting, drooling, loss of appetite, and lethargy. Ingesting large quantities is rare but could lead to more severe symptoms. Prompt veterinary attention is recommended if a pet is suspected of ingesting any part of the plant. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe plant may contain hydrocyanic acid (cyanogenic glycosides) in small quantities, particularly in the seeds and flowers. These compounds are responsible for the mild toxicity observed in humans and animals upon ingestion."}
Adenium obesum (Desert Rose) Apocynaceae

77 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Desert Rose is definitely the plant to choose if you are looking for a decorative bonsai-like plant that requires less care than a bonsai and is extremely rewarding during the blooming season. Gardeners are usually a bit scared away from this plant, as it might seem too pretentious when it comes to the care routine, but if you follow the instructions by the book, you are guaranteed to have a flowering tree around for a long time.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Desert rose is a tropical succulent plant originally from the eastern coast of Africa. Its family has many species that will bloom and grow differently, so you can pick the one that fits your aesthetic best. It is a great addition to your garden if you live in a warm climate and a beautiful, ornamental plant if you have a sunny spot inside the house. In their natural habitat, they grow up to 16 ft tall (5 m), but when adopted in your garden, it will grow between 12 inches (30 cm) and 9 feet (3 m). They bloom during summer until late October with multiple flowers that vary in color, from pink to purple, orange, or yellow, and they shed the leaves during winter only to come back stronger in spring.</p> {"Light":"Desert Rose thrives in full sun and needs at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily to maintain compact growth and abundant flowering. Indoors, place it near a south- or west-facing window with maximum light exposure. Lack of sunlight will cause leggy growth and fewer blooms.","Watering":"Water the plant thoroughly when the soil is dry. During the active growing season (spring and summer), water more frequently—approximately once every 7–10 days. Reduce watering significantly in fall and winter, when the plant enters dormancy. Overwatering, especially in cool conditions, is the most common cause of failure, leading to root or caudex rot.","Soil":"Desert Rose requires a very well-draining soil mix. A cactus or succulent potting mix is ideal, or a custom blend of coarse sand, perlite, and regular potting soil (in roughly equal parts). Ensure the pot has drainage holes to prevent water from accumulating at the bottom.","Temperature":"It prefers warm temperatures between 21°C and 35°C (70°F to 95°F) and is highly sensitive to cold. The plant should be protected from temperatures below 10°C (50°F), which can cause defoliation or root rot. In cooler climates, it is best grown indoors or in containers that can be moved during colder months.","Humidity":"This plant prefers dry to average indoor humidity levels (30–50%) and does not require any additional humidity supplementation. It is well adapted to arid environments and thrives with good air circulation.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 to 6 weeks during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (10-10-10 or 20-20-20), diluted to half strength. Reduce or eliminate feeding during the dormant winter months. Overfertilization can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.","Pruning":"Prune in early spring to encourage a bushier shape and stimulate new flower buds. Cut back leggy or damaged branches, and remove any soft or rotting areas. Pruning can also be used to control the shape of the caudex and overall plant size in bonsai culture.","Propagation":"Propagation is typically done by seeds or stem cuttings. Seed-grown plants develop more symmetrical caudexes but take longer to flower. Cuttings root easily in warm, dry environments, though they may not develop the same thickened base as seed-grown plants.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nAdenium obesum is highly toxic to humans if ingested. All parts of the plant, especially the sap, contain potent cardiac glycosides (notably ouabain), which can disrupt heart function. <br> Ingesting even a small amount can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, slowed heart rate, or more serious cardiac symptoms. The sap can also cause skin irritation or eye inflammation upon contact. It should be handled with care—gloves are recommended when pruning or repotting—and kept well out of reach of children. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is extremely toxic to cats and dogs. If ingested, it can lead to serious symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, lethargy, irregular heartbeat, seizures, and potentially death. <br> Immediate veterinary attention is necessary if any part of the plant is consumed. Even small bites can have serious consequences due to the potent concentration of cardiac toxins. <br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\nThe toxic principle in Adenium obesum is a group of cardiac glycosides, particularly ouabain, which is chemically similar to digitalis (used in heart medications). These compounds interfere with the heart’s electrical signaling, making them both dangerous and, historically, of pharmacological interest. Indigenous peoples in Africa have used extracts of this plant to poison arrow tips."}
Clubbed Begonia (Begonia Cucullata) Begoniaceae

78 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Clubbed Begonia is one of the most popular plants for gardens and flower beds. This colorful greenie has been decorating dwellings for many years and is considered a classic now.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Native to Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil, Clubbed Begonia is a member of the Begoniaceae family. This flowering plant can grow up to 18 in (45 cm) in height and reach 24 in (60 cm) wide. Its glossy, succulent leaves are shaped like a scallop, which makes them the plant's notable feature. What's special about this plant is its blooms. Clubbed Begonia flowers abundantly, producing white to pink flowers that keep on coming in throughout the whole</p> {"Light":"Clubbed Begonia grows best in bright, indirect light or partial shade. While it can tolerate some direct sun—especially morning sun—intense afternoon sunlight can scorch the leaves. Outdoors, it thrives under filtered sunlight or dappled shade, making it a good choice for shaded patios and balconies. Indoors, a bright spot near an east- or north-facing window is ideal.","Watering":"Water regularly during the growing season, keeping the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Allow the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering or poor drainage can cause root rot. During winter, reduce watering slightly as the plant’s growth slows.","Soil":"Clubbed Begonia grows best in a light, well-draining potting mix rich in organic matter. A peat-based or loamy soil mix with perlite or vermiculite works well. Avoid heavy soils that retain too much moisture. Drainage holes in the pot are essential to prevent root rot.","Temperature":"The plant prefers temperatures between 18°C and 27°C (65°F to 80°F). It is highly sensitive to cold and frost and should be brought indoors if nighttime temperatures fall below 10°C (50°F). In regions with cold winters, it is often grown as an annual or overwintered indoors as a houseplant.","Humidity":"This plant enjoys moderate to high humidity (around 50–60%). While it can adapt to average indoor conditions, very dry air can lead to browning leaf edges. To maintain ideal humidity levels, especially during winter heating, consider using a humidity tray, humidifier, or grouping it with other moisture-loving plants.","Fertilization":"Fertilize every 2 to 4 weeks during the active growing season (spring through early autumn) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce or stop fertilization in late fall and winter unless the plant is actively blooming indoors.","Pruning":"Light pruning helps to maintain the plant’s shape and encourages bushier growth. Deadhead spent flowers to promote continued blooming. Remove any yellow, damaged, or diseased leaves to improve airflow and overall appearance.","Propagation":"Clubbed Begonia can be propagated by stem cuttings or division. Take 8–10 cm (3–4 inch) cuttings from healthy stems, strip the lower leaves, and root them in moist soil or water. Propagation is easiest in spring or early summer. It can also be grown from seed, though this method takes longer and requires consistent warmth and moisture.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nBegonia cucullata is considered mildly toxic to humans. The most toxic parts are the roots and underground tubers, which contain soluble calcium oxalates. Ingestion can cause irritation of the mouth, tongue, and throat, leading to pain, swelling, and difficulty swallowing. Symptoms are generally mild and resolve with supportive care. Contact with the sap may cause minor skin irritation in sensitive individuals. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nClubbed Begonia is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingesting the plant, particularly the roots, can result in drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, and oral irritation. While rarely life-threatening, symptoms can cause significant discomfort and may require veterinary attention if a large amount is consumed.\n\n<br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe plant contains insoluble and soluble calcium oxalates, especially concentrated in the root system. These compounds form sharp crystals that irritate mucous membranes upon ingestion."}
Alpine Rose( Rosa pendulina) Rosaceae

79 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Alpine Rose is a showy mountain plant that is a shrub and can grow up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) tall. It is valued for its pleasant aroma, bright appearance, and medicinal properties because the plant is a natural antioxidant.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Alpine Rose, also known as Rosa pendulina, is found in the mountains and sparse forests of southern and central Europe. The stems are straight and have small thorns, and the leaves are jagged, smooth, and dark green - they grow in opposite directions. The flowers grow alone or in small groups, and their colors range from pale pink to red. They're usually about 1.5-2 inches (4-5 cm) wide.</p> {"Light":"Alpine Rose thrives in full sun, though it can tolerate partial shade—especially in hot summer climates. It blooms best and produces the most fruit when grown in locations receiving at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.","Watering":"Once established, Alpine Rose is drought-tolerant, requiring only occasional deep watering. During the first growing season, water regularly to help develop a deep root system. Afterward, supplemental watering is needed only during prolonged dry periods.","Soil":"This rose prefers well-draining, slightly acidic to neutral soils (pH 6.0–7.0). It can thrive in rocky, poor, or sandy soils, making it suitable for alpine or rugged garden environments. Avoid heavy, waterlogged soils, which can lead to root rot.","Temperature":"Adapted to high-altitude and temperate climates, Rosa pendulina is exceptionally cold-hardy, withstanding temperatures as low as −30°C (−22°F). It prefers cool summers and well-ventilated conditions. It is not well-suited to tropical or humid environments.","Humidity":"Rosa pendulina favors low to moderate humidity and good air circulation. High humidity combined with poor air movement can make it more susceptible to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew or black spot.","Fertilization":"Fertilize lightly in early spring with a balanced organic rose fertilizer or compost. Avoid excessive nitrogen, which promotes leafy growth at the expense of flowers. One or two feedings per year are usually sufficient in native or low-maintenance settings.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is required. In late winter or early spring, remove dead, weak, or crossing branches to maintain shape and air flow. Light shaping can be done after flowering. Pruning old canes at the base every few years helps rejuvenate growth and flower production.","Propagation":"Propagation is typically done via semi-hardwood cuttings, suckers, or seed. Seeds require cold stratification to germinate. Wild rose species like Rosa pendulina are often grown from seed for ecological restoration or natural gardens.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nRosa pendulina is non-toxic to humans. Its petals are sometimes used in herbal teas or jams, and the rose hips are a rich source of vitamin C. However, the hairs inside the hips can be irritating to the digestive tract if consumed in large quantities or unprocessed, so they should be strained or removed before culinary use. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis rose species is also non-toxic to cats and dogs. While the plant is safe overall, ingestion of larger quantities may cause mild digestive upset (vomiting, diarrhea) due to plant fiber. <br> The thorns on stems may cause physical injury if chewed or stepped on.\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of toxicological concern. However, mechanical irritation from rose thorns or hairs inside rose hips can cause minor issues in both humans and animals."}
Rose Painted Calathea (Goeppertia roseopicta) Marantaceae

80 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The red-pink color palette of this fascinating prayer plant captivates enthusiasts from every corner of the world. And even its fussy nature fails to undermine the allure of the tropical queen.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Calathea naturally grows in the Brazilian rainforest, under the shade of tropical trees. Its wide foliage strikes with a mixture of green and pink colors. The reverse side of the leaves is painted in deep pink, and in the evenings, when this queen folds the leaves, the whole look gets a burgundy hue. The leaves themselves can reach 30 inches (70cm) tall.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light or dappled shade. Direct sunlight will scorch the delicate leaves and fade their vivid patterns. It can tolerate lower light levels but may lose some of its coloration if grown in overly dim environments. Place near an east- or north-facing window, or use sheer curtains if in a brighter room.","Watering":"Water regularly to keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry. Use distilled or rainwater if possible, as the plant is sensitive to fluoride and salts found in tap water. Reduce watering slightly in the winter months but do not allow the soil to dry out completely.","Soil":"Grows best in a light, well-draining potting mix rich in organic matter. A mix designed for tropical plants or a blend of peat, coco coir, perlite, and compost works well. Good aeration and drainage are essential to avoid root rot.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm indoor temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is very sensitive to cold and should be protected from temperatures below 15°C (59°F). Avoid placing it near drafts, air conditioning vents, or sudden temperature changes.","Humidity":"This plant requires high humidity levels (60–80%) to thrive and maintain its vivid coloration. If the air is dry, especially during winter, use a room humidifier, place the pot on a humidity tray, or mist the leaves regularly. Without adequate humidity, the leaf edges may brown or curl.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, diluted liquid houseplant fertilizer (at ¼ to ½ strength). Avoid overfertilizing, which can lead to root damage or leaf spotting. Do not fertilize in winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Remove yellowing, browning, or damaged leaves by cutting them off at the base using sterile scissors. Pruning helps the plant conserve energy and maintain its neat appearance. Occasional trimming of outer leaves can also promote fuller growth.","Propagation":"Propagated through division, usually during repotting in the spring. Gently separate healthy clumps with at least one stem and root section and replant in individual pots. Avoid propagating by cuttings, as this method is not typically successful with Calatheas.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nGoeppertia roseopicta is non-toxic to humans. It poses no risk if touched or accidentally ingested in small quantities, making it safe for use in homes with children or sensitive individuals. <br> However, it is not considered edible and should not be consumed intentionally. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a popular choice for pet-friendly households. Even if pets chew on the leaves, they are unlikely to experience poisoning. Minor gastrointestinal upset (like vomiting or soft stool) could occur in rare cases due to the plant’s fibrous material, but it is not considered dangerous. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of concern. It does not contain oxalates, alkaloids, or saponins, which are the primary toxins found in many common houseplants."}
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Asteraceae

81 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Sunflowers are some of the most recognizable and iconic annual flowers in the world. These beloved summertime flowers bloom from mid-summer to early fall. With their broad central disks and short, yellow petals, these flowers typically measure 3 to 6 inches (7.5-15 cm) across, being the main identification feature of the plant. Growing on tall, sturdy stems, sunflowers can have single or multiple blooms. Their rough, hairy leaves are oval to triangular in shape. Being annuals, sunflowers complete their life cycle within a year.</p> {"Light":"Sunflowers require full sun, needing at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day to thrive and produce large, healthy blooms. Insufficient light results in weak stems and smaller flowers.","Watering":"Sunflowers prefer regular watering, especially during germination and early growth stages. Keep the soil moist but avoid waterlogging. Once established, they are somewhat drought-tolerant but will perform best with consistent moisture, particularly during flowering and seed development.","Soil":"They thrive in well-draining, fertile soils with a neutral to slightly acidic pH (6.0–7.5). Sunflowers tolerate a range of soil types but perform best in rich loam soils amended with organic matter. Good drainage is important to prevent root rot.","Temperature":"Sunflowers grow best in warm temperatures ranging from 20–30°C (68–86°F). They are moderately tolerant of heat but can be damaged by frost or prolonged cold, so planting should be done after the last frost date in temperate regions.","Humidity":"Sunflowers are adaptable and can tolerate a variety of humidity levels but generally prefer moderate humidity. High humidity combined with poor air circulation can increase the risk of fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Apply a balanced fertilizer rich in nitrogen during early growth to encourage healthy leaf and stem development. As the plant matures and begins to flower, switch to a fertilizer higher in phosphorus and potassium to support bloom production and seed development. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to weak stems.","Pruning":"Pruning is generally not required. Deadheading spent flowers can prolong blooming in ornamental varieties. For seed production, allow flower heads to mature fully before harvesting. Remove any diseased or damaged leaves to maintain plant health.","Propagation":"Sunflowers are easily propagated by direct sowing seeds into the soil after the risk of frost has passed. Seeds should be planted about 2.5 cm (1 inch) deep and spaced according to the variety’s mature size requirements.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nSunflowers are non-toxic to humans and their seeds are widely consumed as a nutritious snack and ingredient in cooking. Sunflower oil is a common edible oil. However, individuals with seed allergies should exercise caution. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nSunflowers are non-toxic to cats and dogs. While ingestion of small amounts of seeds or leaves is generally harmless, consuming large quantities of seeds or sunflower oil may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea. Sunflower plants do not contain harmful toxins but care should be taken to avoid physical injury from stems or sharp seed hulls. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of toxicological concern. Sunflowers do not produce alkaloids, saponins, or oxalates associated with plant toxicity."}
Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) Rubiaceae

82 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Gardenia jasminoides is a beloved plant for the simple reason that few natural scents are as remarkable and memorable. If not for this spectacular appeal, few gardeners would try to grow high-maintenance gardenias vulnerable to insects and diseases.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Gardenias, which are similar in appearance to Ixora, are a popular gift plant and almost irresistible when in bloom, but they are notoriously difficult to grow in normal indoor conditions. Nevertheless, even a few months with a blooming gardenia in the house makes them a worthwhile addition to your collection. The basic species features glossy green leaves and waxy, highly fragrant white flowers. Native to China, this plant has been widely cultivated, so there are many cultivars available. In warmer climates, where gardenia is grown outdoors, many plants are sold grafted on a Gardenia thunbergia rootstock. The grafted plants tend to be more vigorous, with better, larger blooms, but they are even less cold tolerant than the basic species.</p> {"Light":"Gardenias require bright, indirect light to thrive. They prefer some morning sun or dappled sunlight but should be protected from harsh, direct afternoon sun, which can scorch the leaves. If grown indoors, placing them near a bright east- or north-facing window is ideal.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but avoid waterlogging. Water when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil begins to dry out. Gardenias are sensitive to overwatering, which can lead to root rot, but they also dislike dry soil, especially during flowering. Use room-temperature, slightly acidic water if possible.","Soil":"Prefers acidic, well-draining soil rich in organic matter, with a pH of 5.0 to 6.0. A mix of peat moss, pine bark, and sand or perlite provides good drainage and aeration. Avoid alkaline soils, as Gardenias struggle to absorb nutrients and may develop chlorosis (yellowing leaves).","Temperature":"Gardenias flourish in warm temperatures ranging from 18–24°C (65–75°F) during the day and slightly cooler at night, but not below 13°C (55°F). Sudden temperature changes, drafts, or cold conditions can cause flower bud drop or leaf yellowing.","Humidity":"Gardenias thrive in high humidity (60–70%). Low humidity can cause brown leaf edges and drop. Increase humidity by misting the leaves regularly, using a humidity tray, or placing a humidifier nearby.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during the growing season with a fertilizer formulated for acid-loving plants (such as azaleas or camellias). Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer or a liquid feed diluted to half strength. Avoid fertilizing in winter when the plant is dormant.","Pruning":"Prune after flowering to maintain shape and encourage bushier growth. Remove dead or yellowing leaves and spent flowers to improve air circulation and reduce disease risk. Light pruning can also stimulate new growth.","Propagation":"Gardenias are commonly propagated through semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late spring or early summer. Cuttings should be treated with rooting hormone and kept in a humid environment until roots develop. Layering is another possible method.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nGardenia jasminoides is generally considered non-toxic to humans. Contact with the plant does not typically cause skin irritation, and accidental ingestion of small parts is unlikely to cause harm. However, ingestion of large quantities could cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea or stomach upset, though such cases are rare. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nGardenias are considered mildly toxic to cats and dogs. While they do not contain highly toxic compounds, ingestion of leaves or flowers may cause mild to moderate gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, drooling, diarrhea, or loss of appetite. In rare cases, more severe symptoms could occur, especially if a large quantity is consumed. It is advisable to keep Gardenias out of reach of pets to avoid accidental ingestion. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nGardenias contain iridoid glycosides and other secondary metabolites which may cause mild digestive upset when ingested by animals or humans in significant amounts. These compounds are not highly toxic but can be irritating to the gastrointestinal tract."}
Australian Umbrella Tree (Heptapleurum actinophyllum) Araliaceae

83 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Heptapleurum actinophyllum, previously known as Schefflera actinophylla, is a decorative leafy plant. Its main external feature is palmately dissected leaves. One leaf can have 7 or more "fingers".</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Heptapleurum belongs to the Araliacede family of primarily woody and some herbaceous plants. It grows as a tree or a shrub with the ability to curl. Schefflera trees can reach a height of 16 ft (5 m) in the wild. Indoor specimens are no taller than 7 ft (2 m).</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Heptapleurum leaves resemble an open palm. The Umbrella plant is evergreen, maintaining its attractive appearance regardless of the season. Leaves are intricate. The umbrella has 5-8 leaflets when it is young. Their number grows to 16 as the tree gets older.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Schefflera blooms more frequently in natural growing conditions in the wild. Sometimes it can bloom indoors, although it is an unusual occurrence. You can use a well-trimmed dwarf Umbrella tree for bonsai.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">An important fact is that Schefflera is toxic to humans and animals if ingested. Be careful if you have a curious pet at home!</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light for optimal growth. It can tolerate some direct sun, especially morning sun, but prolonged exposure to strong afternoon sunlight may scorch its leaves. It can also adapt to moderate indoor light, though growth may slow.","Watering":"Water thoroughly when the top few centimeters (1–2 inches) of soil have dried out. The plant prefers evenly moist, but not soggy soil. Overwatering can cause root rot, while underwatering may lead to drooping or yellowing leaves. During winter, reduce watering slightly.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, rich potting soil with good aeration. A standard indoor plant mix with added perlite or coarse sand works well. Outdoor specimens prefer fertile loamy soil with organic matter.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures between 18–29°C (65–85°F). It is sensitive to cold and should be protected from drafts or temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Avoid sudden temperature drops, which may lead to leaf drop.","Humidity":"Enjoys moderate to high humidity levels. Though tolerant of average indoor conditions, it benefits from occasional misting or the use of a humidity tray, especially during dry winters or in air-conditioned environments.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 to 6 weeks during the growing season (spring through early autumn) with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce or stop fertilizing during the winter dormancy period. Over-fertilizing can cause salt buildup and leaf burn.","Pruning":"Prune to control height and encourage bushier, more compact growth. Pinch or trim leggy stems and remove any yellowing or damaged leaves. Regular pruning also helps manage its rapid growth indoors.","Propagation":"Propagated through stem cuttings taken in spring or summer. Rooting hormone and a warm, humid environment can help improve success rates. It can also be propagated by air layering in more mature plants.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Australian Umbrella Tree is mildly toxic to humans. While not considered highly poisonous, all parts of the plant contain compounds that may irritate the skin or mucous membranes. Ingestion of plant parts—especially by young children—may lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. Sap contact can sometimes cause skin irritation or dermatitis, particularly in sensitive individuals. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nHeptapleurum actinophyllum is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion may cause oral irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, and mild gastrointestinal upset. If large amounts are consumed, more serious symptoms may occur, though severe toxicity is rare. The irritation is primarily due to insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause mechanical injury to the mouth and gastrointestinal tract.\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nContains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals and other irritating compounds such as saponins, which contribute to the plant’s toxicity and can cause mucosal and gastrointestinal irritation if ingested."}
Begonia Polkadot (Begonia maculata) Begoniaceae

84 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Begonia maculata, commonly known as the Polka Dot Begonia, is an eye-catching ornamental plant native to the tropical rainforests of Brazil. It is prized for its stunning foliage: large, asymmetrical, olive-green leaves are adorned with silvery-white polka dots on the upper side and rich burgundy-red undersides. Its upright cane-like stems can reach 1.2 meters (4 feet) or more when grown indoors, giving it an elegant, architectural appearance. During spring and summer, the Polka Dot Begonia may produce clusters of delicate white to pale pink flowers that further enhance its appeal. It is part of the “cane begonia” group, often called “angel wing begonias” due to the leaf shape. A favorite among plant collectors, Begonia maculata combines unique aesthetics with relatively easy care when its tropical needs are met.</span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch its delicate leaves, while too little light may cause leggy growth and faded leaf color. A spot near a north- or east-facing window is often ideal. If grown under artificial lights, fluorescent or LED grow lights can help maintain healthy growth.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) of soil feels dry to the touch. The Polka Dot Begonia prefers consistently moist but not soggy soil. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering may cause leaf crisping or drop. Use room-temperature, non-chlorinated water when possible. Reduce watering in winter.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, airy potting mix. A blend of peat moss, perlite, and compost or coco coir provides the right structure and moisture retention. Avoid compact or heavy soils, as they retain too much water and suffocate the roots.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 18–26°C (65–79°F). It is sensitive to cold and should not be exposed to temperatures below 15°C (59°F). Avoid cold drafts, sudden temperature fluctuations, or placing the plant near heaters or air conditioners.","Humidity":"Needs high humidity (above 50%, ideally 60–70%) to thrive. In dry indoor conditions, use a room humidifier, place a humidity tray nearby, or group it with other humidity-loving plants. Low humidity can lead to browning leaf edges or crispy tips.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during the growing season (spring through early autumn) with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid over-fertilization, as this can cause salt buildup and leaf damage. Fertilizing can be paused or reduced in winter.","Pruning":"Regular pruning encourages bushier growth and removes leggy stems or damaged leaves. Pinch back new growth tips to maintain a more compact, full shape. Remove spent flowers and yellowing leaves to promote airflow and prevent disease.","Propagation":"Easily propagated through stem cuttings or leaf cuttings. Stem cuttings with at least one node can be rooted in water or moist soil. For best results, propagate in spring or summer when the plant is actively growing.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nBegonia maculata is mildly toxic to humans if ingested, particularly the roots and tubers. While not highly dangerous, consuming parts of the plant may lead to symptoms such as mouth irritation, nausea, and vomiting. Skin contact is usually not a problem, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience mild irritation when handling the sap. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nPolka Dot Begonia is toxic to cats and dogs. The most toxic parts are the tubers (root system), though ingestion of stems or leaves may also cause excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, and oral irritation. Although serious poisoning is rare, veterinary care is recommended if a pet ingests any part of the plant, particularly in large amounts. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe toxicity is due to the presence of insoluble calcium oxalates, which cause mechanical irritation to the mouth, throat, and digestive tract when chewed or swallowed. These crystals are especially concentrated in the underground parts of the plant."}
Bird's Nest Fern( Asplenium nidus) Aspleniaceae

85 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Asplenium nidus, widely known as the Bird’s Nest Fern, is a striking tropical epiphytic fern native to Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, and parts of Polynesia and Hawaii. Its common name derives from the way its broad, lance-shaped fronds radiate outward in a rosette pattern, forming a central “nest” that resembles a bird’s resting place. The glossy green fronds are typically undivided and slightly wavy at the edges, giving the plant a soft, rippling texture. The central “nest” acts as a natural funnel, collecting water, leaf litter, and organic debris in its native environment. In indoor settings, it is appreciated for its elegant, fountain-like shape and lush tropical appearance. Unlike many ferns, it lacks feathery leaflets and has a modern, clean look that suits contemporary interiors.</span></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">It is commonly grown as a houseplant or in shaded gardens where humidity is high, and it can grow up to 60–90 cm (2–3 feet) tall and wide under ideal conditions.</span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers moderate to bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can scorch the delicate fronds. While it can tolerate lower light levels, especially in north-facing rooms, too little light may result in slow growth and pale or drooping fronds. Filtered light from an east-facing window is ideal.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but never soggy. Water when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of the soil starts to dry out. Watering should be directed around the base of the plant—not directly into the central rosette—to prevent crown rot. Use room-temperature water and reduce watering slightly in winter.","Soil":"Requires a light, well-draining, and organic-rich potting mix. A peat-based mix with added perlite or orchid bark ensures adequate drainage while retaining some moisture. Avoid dense or compacted soils.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures ranging from 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is not frost-tolerant and should be kept away from cold drafts or temperatures below 13°C (55°F). Avoid placing it near heaters, air conditioners, or windows with fluctuating temperatures.","Humidity":"The Bird’s Nest Fern loves high humidity, ideally around 60–80%. In dry indoor environments, especially during winter, use a humidifier, mist the plant regularly, or place it on a humidity tray. Low humidity may lead to browning of the frond edges.","Fertilization":"Fertilize sparingly. During the growing season (spring through early fall), apply a diluted liquid fertilizer (at ¼ to ½ strength) once a month. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can damage the sensitive roots and fronds. No feeding is needed in winter.","Pruning":"Pruning is minimal. Remove any yellowing, brown, or damaged fronds by cutting them at the base using clean scissors. Avoid trimming healthy fronds, as the plant grows slowly and each one contributes significantly to its appearance.","Propagation":"Bird’s Nest Fern is typically propagated by spores, which develop as dark lines (sori) underneath the fronds. However, spore propagation is a slow and delicate process, usually done in controlled environments. Division is generally not viable, as the plant grows from a single central rosette.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nAsplenium nidus is non-toxic to humans. It poses no known risks if touched or accidentally ingested in small quantities, making it safe for households with children. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis fern is also non-toxic to pets, including cats and dogs. Ingestion may occasionally cause mild stomach upset due to the fibrous content, but it does not contain any harmful compounds and is considered a pet-safe houseplant.\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone. Bird’s Nest Fern does not contain alkaloids, saponins, oxalates, or other common plant toxins."}
Pineapple Plant (Ananas comosus) Bromeliaceae

86 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Pineapple plants were originally found only in South and Central America, particularly in Brazil. Today, they can be cultivated in many parts of the world as long as the conditions are favorable. _Ananas comosus_ is a herbaceous plant that grows 1.5 to 2 feet (45-60 cm) tall and wide, with a bushy appearance. Its leaves are long and narrow, reaching up to 20 inches in length. The plant produces a single fruit that grows at the top, in the central part of the plant. A ripe pineapple typically weighs between 2 and 8 pounds, though larger specimens can also be found.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun to bright, direct light to thrive. Indoors, place it near a south- or west-facing window with at least 6 hours of sunlight daily. Insufficient light will slow growth and reduce the chance of flowering or fruit production. In lower-light conditions, supplement with a full-spectrum grow light.","Watering":"Water thoroughly when the top few inches of soil feel dry. Pineapple plants are drought-tolerant but prefer evenly moist (not soggy) soil during active growth. Ensure the central rosette (the crown) always contains a small amount of water, especially in warm weather. Use room-temperature water and reduce watering in winter. Avoid waterlogged soil, which can cause root or crown rot.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, sandy or gritty soil mix. A cactus or succulent mix enriched with organic matter like compost works well. Ensure the pot has good drainage holes to prevent excess moisture buildup.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures between 21–32°C (70–90°F). It is highly sensitive to cold and should never be exposed to temperatures below 10°C (50°F). During colder months, bring the plant indoors if grown outdoors in temperate climates.","Humidity":"Feed with a balanced liquid fertilizer every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer. A bromeliad-specific fertilizer or a standard houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength is suitable. You can also apply fertilizer directly into the central rosette. Stop feeding during the plant’s dormant winter period.","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced liquid fertilizer every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer. A bromeliad-specific fertilizer or a standard houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength is suitable. You can also apply fertilizer directly into the central rosette. Stop feeding during the plant’s dormant winter period.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is needed. Remove dead or damaged leaves at the base using clean scissors. After the fruit is harvested, the mother plant may eventually die back, but it usually produces suckers or pups, which can be separated and grown as new plants.","Propagation":"Propagated by offsets (pups) or by planting the leafy crown of a harvested pineapple. To propagate from a crown, twist off the top of a store-bought pineapple, allow it to dry for 1–2 days, and then plant in soil. Roots will develop over several weeks. Pups should be allowed to grow to at least 6 inches before separation.\n","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Pineapple Plant is non-toxic to humans, and the fruit is, of course, widely consumed. However, unripe fruit or excessive consumption of the core can cause mouth irritation, gastrointestinal discomfort, or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals due to the presence of the enzyme bromelain, which can digest proteins and irritate mucous membranes.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nAnanas comosus is non-toxic to cats and dogs according to the ASPCA. While the leaves and fruit are safe, ingestion of large quantities may still cause minor stomach upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea, mainly due to fiber content or bromelain.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nThe plant contains bromelain, an enzyme that can cause mild irritation or allergic responses in humans or pets when consumed in large amounts. The enzyme is concentrated in the stem and unripe fruit."}
Hypoestes phyllostachya (syn. Hypoestes sanguinolenta) Acanthaceae

87 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">The Polka Dot Plant, scientifically known as Hypoestes phyllostachya (previously Hypoestes sanguinolenta), is a vibrant, tropical foliage plant native to Madagascar, South Africa, and Southeast Asia. It is especially popular as a houseplant due to its striking, colorful leaves, which are speckled or mottled with pink, red, white, or purple spots on a green background. These distinctive markings give the plant a painted or “polka-dotted” appearance, hence its common name.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">It is a compact, bushy plant, usually reaching 30–60 cm (12–24 inches) in height when grown indoors. In its natural habitat, it can grow taller and produce small, inconspicuous purplish flowers, though it is mainly valued for its foliage.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">Polka Dot Plants are relatively easy to care for but require regular pruning and maintenance to prevent legginess and to encourage a full, lush shape.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light. Too much direct sunlight can fade the vibrant colors of the leaves, while too little light will cause the plant to become leggy and lose its signature spotting. A spot near an east or filtered south-facing window is ideal. Under grow lights, it also performs well.","Watering":"Water when the top inch (2–3 cm) of soil feels dry. Polka Dot Plants like consistently moist (but not soggy) soil. Avoid letting the soil dry out completely, which can lead to wilting, but also ensure the pot drains well to prevent root rot. During winter, reduce watering slightly.","Soil":"Use a light, well-draining potting mix. A peat-based indoor plant mix with added perlite or coarse sand works well. The soil should retain some moisture but not stay wet.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures ranging from 18–27°C (65–80°F). The plant is sensitive to cold drafts and temperatures below 13°C (55°F), which can cause leaf drop or growth to slow significantly.","Humidity":"Enjoys moderate to high humidity (50–70%). In dry indoor air—especially in winter—use a humidity tray, mist the leaves regularly, or place the plant near a humidifier. Lack of humidity may cause leaf tips to brown or edges to crisp.","Fertilization":"\nFeed every 2–4 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer at half strength. Reduce feeding to once every 6–8 weeks in fall and winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Prune regularly to maintain a bushy, compact shape and prevent legginess. Pinch back growing tips to encourage branching. Remove any faded or dead leaves to maintain appearance and plant health. If the plant becomes too tall or sparse, it can be cut back significantly and will regrow from the base.","Propagation":"Easily propagated from stem cuttings. Cut a healthy stem just below a node, remove lower leaves, and place it in water or moist potting mix. Roots usually form within 1–2 weeks. Once rooted, transplant into a small pot with well-draining soil.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nHypoestes phyllostachya is generally considered non-toxic to humans. It poses no significant threat if touched or accidentally ingested in small quantities, although ingesting large amounts may cause mild stomach upset in sensitive individuals or children. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe Polka Dot Plant is non-toxic to cats and dogs, according to the ASPCA. However, as with many non-toxic plants, ingestion of foliage can still cause minor gastrointestinal upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea, especially if consumed in large amounts or if your pet has a sensitive stomach. < <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of major concern. No alkaloids, oxalates, or saponins are present in significant amounts."}
Scarlet Star( Guzmania lingulata) Bromeliaceae

88 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Guzmania lingulata, commonly known as the Scarlet Star, is a stunning epiphytic bromeliad native to the tropical rainforests of Central and South America. This striking plant is renowned for its rosette of glossy, strap-shaped green leaves and its vivid red to orange bracts, which resemble a flower but are actually modified leaves. The true flowers are small, tubular, and typically white or yellow, emerging briefly from the colorful bracts during the plant’s blooming period.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">As a member of the bromeliad family, the Scarlet Star is adapted to grow either in soil or attached to trees, absorbing moisture and nutrients through its central tank and leaf surfaces. It is often cultivated as a decorative houseplant due to its low maintenance needs and bright tropical appearance. Indoors, the plant typically grows to about 30–45 cm (12–18 inches) tall and wide.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">Each plant flowers only once in its lifetime, after which it gradually dies back, producing offsets or “pups” that can be propagated into new plants.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sun can scorch the leaves, while too little light may prevent the plant from blooming. Place it near an east- or north-facing window, or in a well-lit room with filtered sunlight. It can also tolerate fluorescent lighting, making it ideal for offices and low-light indoor environments.","Watering":"Water by filling the central cup (tank) of the rosette with water and keeping it about halfway full, refreshing the water weekly to avoid stagnation. Water the soil lightly when the top inch feels dry, but avoid overwatering, as soggy roots can lead to rot. Reduce watering frequency in winter. Always use room-temperature, non-chlorinated water if possible.","Soil":"Requires a light, well-draining soil mix. A commercial bromeliad or orchid mix works best. You can also create your own mix with equal parts peat moss, perlite, and orchid bark. Good drainage is essential to avoid root rot.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm, stable temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is sensitive to cold and should be kept above 13°C (55°F) at all times. Avoid exposing the plant to cold drafts or sudden temperature fluctuations.","Humidity":"Scarlet Star prefers moderate to high humidity (50–80%). If grown in dry indoor air, increase humidity with a room humidifier, place a tray of water and pebbles under the pot, or mist the plant regularly. Adequate humidity encourages healthy growth and vibrant bracts.","Fertilization":"Fertilize sparingly. Use a balanced, water-soluble houseplant fertilizer at ¼ to ½ strength every 4–6 weeks during the growing season. Apply the fertilizer directly into the central cup or mist it onto the leaves. Avoid overfeeding, which can damage the plant. Reduce feeding in winter or after blooming.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is required. Remove any dead or browning leaves and spent flower bracts using clean, sharp scissors. After blooming, the main plant will begin to decline. Allow it to produce pups, which can be separated and replanted once they are about one-third the size of the mother plant.","Propagation":"Propagated by pups (offsets). These appear at the base of the plant after flowering. Once a pup has at least 3–4 healthy leaves and a small root system, it can be gently separated and potted in a well-draining bromeliad mix. New plants take 2–3 years to mature and bloom.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nGuzmania lingulata is considered non-toxic to humans. It poses no danger through touch or accidental ingestion, making it a safe choice for households with children. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is non-toxic to cats and dogs, according to the ASPCA. It does not contain harmful compounds such as saponins, oxalates, or alkaloids. While it is safe, ingestion of large amounts may still cause minor digestive upset (e.g., vomiting or diarrhea) due to fiber content. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNone. The Scarlet Star does not produce any known harmful chemical compounds and is generally regarded as a safe ornamental plant."}
Porcelain Flower(Hoya carnosa) Apocynaceae

89 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Hoya carnosa is a climbing shrub species belonging to the Apocynaceae family's Hoya genus. Since this plant is a succulent, it stays green all year long and will serve as an excellent decoration for your home or garden. In addition, it is unpretentious in care.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">In the wild, Porcelain flower grows in humid subtropical forests. Outwardly, it is a vine with woody sprouts. The leaves are fleshy, oval, and dark green. The flowers are star-shaped, pale pink, and resemble wax or porcelain, which is how the plant got its second name. The plant's inflorescences resemble umbrellas, and flowering time is summer and autumn. Also, the flowers produce a large amount of sweet nectar.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sun may scorch the foliage, while insufficient light can delay or prevent blooming. It can adapt to medium light, but flowering will be more prolific with adequate light exposure. A position near a bright east- or west-facing window is ideal.","Watering":"Water thoroughly when the top 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) of soil becomes dry. The Wax Plant is semi-succulent and stores moisture in its leaves, so it is more tolerant of underwatering than overwatering. Ensure the pot has excellent drainage, as soggy soil can lead to root rot. Reduce watering frequency in cooler months.","Soil":"Requires a light, well-draining potting mix. A blend of orchid bark, perlite, and peat moss or a high-quality cactus mix amended with organic matter works well. Good aeration around the roots is important to prevent waterlogging.","Temperature":"Thrives in typical indoor temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It can tolerate slightly cooler nights but should not be exposed to temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Avoid placing it in drafty areas or near heating/cooling vents.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity (40–60%), though it is adaptable to normal indoor conditions. In dry climates or winter heating, you can improve humidity with a pebble tray, humidifier, or gentle misting. Higher humidity may encourage blooming and improve leaf texture.","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer. A bloom-boosting formula with slightly higher phosphorus may help initiate flowering. Fertilization can be reduced or paused during winter months.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is required. Trim overly long vines to shape the plant or remove leggy growth. After flowering, do not remove the flower spurs (peduncles)—new flowers often grow from the same points in subsequent seasons. Dead or yellowing leaves can be pruned to maintain plant health.","Propagation":"Easily propagated through stem cuttings. Take a healthy stem with at least 2–3 leaves and one or more nodes, and root it in water or a moist, well-draining substrate. Roots typically appear within a few weeks. Once well-rooted, the cutting can be potted normally.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nHoya carnosa is considered non-toxic to humans. It poses no known risk through skin contact or accidental ingestion. Its sap is not known to cause irritation and the plant is safe to grow in homes with children or vulnerable individuals. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-safe choice for households with furry companions. However, like many non-toxic plants, ingestion of large amounts of foliage could still cause mild stomach upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea, especially in sensitive pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of concern. The Porcelain Flower does not produce harmful alkaloids, saponins, or calcium oxalate crystals, which are common in toxic houseplants."}
Zebra Haworthia (Haworthiopsis fasciata) Asphodelaceae

90 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Zebra Haworthia is native to South Africa; it belongs to the Haworthia family, which has about 150 species. These plants are close to the representatives of the Aloe family.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Cultivated as a houseplant, Zebra Haworthia reaches a maximum height of 8 in (20 cm) and a diameter of about 6 in (15 cm). It forms rosettes of straight, thick, green leaves slightly curved inward. These leaves undersides are intensely covered with white markings resembling a zebra pattern.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light. It can tolerate some direct sunlight, particularly morning sun, but harsh afternoon rays may scorch the leaves. If grown indoors, place it near a south- or east-facing window with filtered light. It can adapt to lower light levels but will grow more slowly and may lose some of its vibrant color.","Watering":"Water thoroughly only when the soil is completely dry. In general, watering every 2–3 weeks is sufficient during the growing season (spring and summer), and even less frequently in fall and winter. Overwatering is the most common cause of decline—ensure the pot has excellent drainage, and never allow the plant to sit in standing water.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining cactus or succulent soil mix. A blend of potting soil, coarse sand, and perlite or pumice is ideal. Avoid heavy or moisture-retentive soils, which can cause root rot. A shallow pot with drainage holes is recommended.","Temperature":"Prefers temperatures between 18–26°C (65–78°F) during the day and slightly cooler at night. It is not frost-tolerant and should be kept above 10°C (50°F). In cooler climates, bring the plant indoors during the winter months. Avoid sudden temperature drops and cold drafts.","Humidity":"Tolerates average indoor humidity levels and does not require supplemental humidity. Keep it in a well-ventilated space to reduce the risk of fungal issues. It is adapted to arid conditions and thrives in dry air.","Fertilization":"Feed sparingly. Apply a diluted cactus or succulent fertilizer once a month during the growing season (spring to early fall). Do not fertilize in winter when the plant is dormant. Overfeeding may lead to weak or elongated growth.","Pruning":"Little to no pruning is necessary. Remove any dead or dried leaves at the base of the rosette using clean tweezers or scissors. Spent flower stalks can be snipped off at the base once they’ve dried out.","Propagation":"Easily propagated via offsets (pups) that grow around the base of the mother plant. Once the pups have a few roots of their own and are large enough to handle, they can be gently removed and repotted in dry succulent mix. Let the cut ends callous for a day or two before planting. Leaf propagation is more difficult and less reliable in this species.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nHaworthiopsis fasciata is non-toxic to humans. It does not contain any irritants or harmful compounds, and is safe to handle and grow around children. Ingestion is not known to cause significant adverse effects, although consuming large amounts of plant matter may cause minor stomach discomfort due to its fibrous nature. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nZebra Haworthia is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a safe succulent option for pet-friendly households. According to the ASPCA and other sources, it does not contain any dangerous compounds. However, ingestion of large quantities could lead to mild digestive upset (such as drooling, vomiting, or diarrhea), mainly due to the physical characteristics of the plant rather than any chemical toxicity. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of concern. This plant does not produce harmful saponins, alkaloids, or oxalates that are found in many toxic houseplants."}
Venus Flytrap Plant (Dionaea muscipula) Droseraceae

91 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Venus flytrap is a quirky carnivorous plant that's both fascinating and highly functional.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Known for its jaw-like leaves that catch unsuspecting insects, this unique greenie is a unique addition to any indoor garden!</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Venus flytrap is a small, perennial plant that grows to about 5-6 inches (13-15 cm) in diameter and has traps of up to 1.5 inches (3.8 cm). Each plant can boast approximately 4-7 leaves, radiating from a short stem.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Consisting of two lobes with hair-like triggers, the traps are the highlights of the plant. When an insect touches these hairs, the trap closes swiftly, capturing its prey. Then, the edges of the lobes interlock, basically creating a prison for the trapped insect.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun to thrive. Outdoors, 4–6 hours of direct sunlight daily is ideal. Indoors, it should be placed in the brightest possible location, such as a south-facing windowsill or under a strong grow light for 12–16 hours per day. Insufficient light leads to weak traps and poor growth.","Watering":"Use only distilled water, rainwater, or reverse-osmosis water. Tap water often contains minerals that can harm or kill the plant. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged, using the tray method—allow the pot to sit in about 1–2 cm of water during the growing season. During winter dormancy, reduce watering and keep the soil just barely damp. Never let the soil dry out completely.","Soil":"Requires a nutrient-poor, acidic soil mix. A 1:1 mixture of sphagnum peat moss and perlite or silica sand is ideal. Never use regular potting soil, compost, or fertilizers, which will damage or kill the plant.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures ranging from 21–32°C (70–90°F) during the growing season. In winter, during dormancy, cooler temperatures between 4–10°C (40–50°F) are necessary. The plant must experience a winter dormancy of around 3 months (typically from late fall through winter) to remain healthy and continue its life cycle.","Humidity":"Tolerates a wide range of humidity but thrives in moderate to high humidity (50–70%). While not strictly required in all climates, higher humidity may support better trap development, especially in dry indoor environments. If grown indoors, a humidity tray or terrarium can be beneficial.","Fertilization":"Do not fertilize. Venus Flytraps obtain their nutrients from capturing and digesting insects. Fertilizing can lead to mineral buildup and root burn. If the plant is grown indoors and cannot catch bugs naturally, it can be manually fed with live or recently killed small insects (like flies or spiders) no more than once every 2–3 weeks. Only feed active traps, and do not overfeed.","Pruning":"Remove dead or blackened leaves as needed by trimming them at the base with sterilized scissors to maintain appearance and prevent mold. Flowers can be cut off early to conserve the plant’s energy, especially in young or weak plants.","Propagation":"Can be propagated through rhizome division, leaf pullings, or seed. The most reliable method is division, which should be done during repotting in early spring. Leaf pullings may form plantlets when placed in moist sphagnum moss under bright light. Seed propagation is slow and requires patience and specific conditions (moisture, warmth, and light).","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Venus Flytrap is non-toxic to humans. It poses no threat if touched or handled and is safe to keep around children. While it is not edible, accidental ingestion of a small amount is unlikely to cause harm, though the plant’s fibrous tissue is not digestible.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is also non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-safe carnivorous plant. If a pet chews on or ingests part of the plant, it may result in mild stomach upset (such as drooling or minor vomiting) due to indigestible plant fibers, but it is not dangerous or poisonous.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of concern. Dionaea muscipula does not contain alkaloids, oxalates, saponins, or other known plant toxins. Its mechanism for trapping prey is purely mechanical and chemical, not venomous or harmful to humans or pets."}
Суса Revolut (Cycas Revoluta) Cycadaceae

92 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This very symmetrical plant supports a crown of shiny, dark green leaves on a thick shaggy trunk that is typically about 20 cm (7.9 in) in diameter, sometimes wider. The trunk is very low to subterranean in young plants, but lengthens above ground with age. It can grow into very old specimens with 6-7 m (over 20 feet) of trunk; however, the plant is very slow-growing and requires about 50-100 years to achieve this height. Trunks can branch several times, thus producing multiple heads of leaves. The leaves are a deep semiglossy green and about 50-150 cm (20-59 in) long when the plants are of a reproductive age. They grow out into a feather-like rosette to 1 m (3.3 ft) in diameter. The crowded, stiff, narrow leaflets are 8-18 cm (3.1-7.1 in) long and have strongly recurved or revolute edges. The basal leaflets become more like spines. The petiole or stems of the sago cycad are 6-10 cm (2.4-3.9 in) long and have small protective barbs. Roots are called coralloid with an Anabaena symbiosis allowing nitrogen fixation. [5] Tannins-rich cells are found on either side of the algal layer to resist the algal invasion. As with other cycads, it is dioecious, with the males bearing pollen cones (strobilus) and the females bearing groups of megasporophylls.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Pollination can be done naturally by insects or artificially.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light to full sun. Outdoors, it prefers filtered or partial sunlight, though it can tolerate direct sun once acclimated. Indoors, place it near a south- or west-facing window with plenty of natural light. In low-light conditions, its growth slows further and may become leggy or pale.","Watering":"Water moderately, allowing the top 2–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil to dry between waterings. In the growing season (spring and summer), water every 7–10 days, depending on climate and container size. In fall and winter, reduce watering significantly. Overwatering is a common cause of root rot, so it is crucial that the plant is not left standing in water.","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining soil mix, such as cactus or palm mix, possibly amended with sand or perlite to improve aeration. The soil should retain some moisture but drain quickly. Ensure the pot has drainage holes to prevent water accumulation.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 20–32°C (68–90°F). While somewhat tolerant of short periods of cooler temperatures, it should be protected from frost. It can survive brief dips to -1°C (30°F) but prolonged exposure will damage or kill the foliage. Indoors, keep it away from cold drafts and heaters.","Humidity":"Tolerates average indoor humidity levels but benefits from slightly higher humidity. It does not require misting but appreciates good air circulation. Too much humidity or poor ventilation can encourage fungal problems, especially in the crown.","Fertilization":"Feed during the active growing season with a balanced slow-release fertilizer or a diluted liquid fertilizer every 4–6 weeks. Use a formulation suitable for palms or cycads with micronutrients like magnesium and iron. Do not fertilize in winter. Excess fertilizer can burn the roots or leaves.","Pruning":"Prune only dead or yellowing fronds at the base using clean, sharp tools. Avoid removing healthy green leaves, as the plant is slow to regenerate foliage. Never cut into the central crown, as this can damage or kill the plant.","Propagation":"Primarily propagated by removing offsets (pups) from the base of the plant. These pups can be gently separated, dried for a day or two to callous, then potted in a well-draining soil mix. Seed propagation is also possible but slow and requires warm temperatures and patience, as germination can take months.","Poisonous":"⚠️⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nCycas revoluta is highly toxic to humans if ingested. All parts of the plant contain cycasin, a potent neurotoxin and carcinogen, but the seeds (nuts) are the most toxic. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, liver failure, and even death in severe cases. Even small amounts are dangerous, especially for children. Handling the plant is generally safe, but it’s recommended to wash hands afterward, especially when dealing with seeds or sap. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe Sago Palm is extremely toxic to pets, particularly dogs and cats. Ingestion of any part of the plant—especially the seeds—can lead to serious illness or death. Symptoms in pets include drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, tremors, seizures, jaundice (due to liver damage), and possibly coma or death. Emergency veterinary treatment is necessary if ingestion is suspected. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tCycasin – causes liver toxicity and neurological symptoms <br>\n\t•\tBMAA (β-N-methylamino-L-alanine) – a neurotoxic amino acid <br>\n\t•\tUnknown alkaloids – may contribute to cumulative toxicity <br>\n\nDue to its severe toxicity, Cycas revoluta should be kept well out of reach of pets and children and handled with caution."}
Kris plant (Alocasia sanderian) Araceae

94 <blockquote><blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Alocasia sanderiana, commonly known as the Kris Plant or Kris Sword Plant, is a striking and exotic foliage plant valued for its bold, sculptural appearance. Native to the Philippines, this species is named after the Kris—a traditional Southeast Asian dagger with wavy edges—due to the distinctive shape of its deeply lobed, dark green leaves, which resemble the weapon’s blade.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">The leaves are one of the plant’s most remarkable features: glossy, arrowhead-shaped, and adorned with prominent white to silvery veins that contrast dramatically with the dark, velvety green surface. The underside of the foliage is often a rich purple or maroon. The plant has a compact, upright habit and is typically grown indoors or in greenhouses for ornamental purposes.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">While it can occasionally bloom, the Kris Plant is prized for its foliage, not its flowers. In ideal conditions, it may produce a small, pale inflorescence typical of the Araceae family (a spathe and spadix), but this is rare in indoor settings.</span></blockquote> <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p> <p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p></blockquote> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch its leaves, while too little light will cause leggy growth and dull leaf color. Place it near an east- or north-facing window, or provide filtered light through sheer curtains if placed in a brighter location. Avoid intense midday sun.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water thoroughly when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry. Ensure the pot has good drainage to prevent root rot. Reduce watering in the cooler months when growth slows. Overwatering or letting the plant sit in water will cause the roots to rot quickly.","Soil":"Requires a rich, well-draining, and slightly acidic soil mix. A blend of peat moss, perlite, orchid bark, and compost works well. Avoid heavy soils that retain too much moisture. The ideal mix should be airy and fast-draining while retaining some moisture.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm, humid environments with temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is highly sensitive to cold and should be kept away from drafts, cold windows, and air conditioning vents. Do not allow temperatures to fall below 15°C (59°F).","Humidity":"This plant loves high humidity (60–80%). Low humidity can cause the leaf edges to brown or curl. Use a humidifier, pebble tray with water, or regular misting to maintain moisture in the air. It also does well in terrariums or bathrooms where ambient humidity is naturally higher.","Fertilization":"During the growing season (spring and summer), feed every 2–4 weeks with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid overfertilizing, which can lead to salt buildup and root burn. Reduce or stop feeding during fall and winter when the plant’s growth slows.","Pruning":"Remove yellowing or damaged leaves as they appear to keep the plant healthy and attractive. Use sterile scissors or pruning shears to cut leaves back to the base. The Kris Plant does not require regular pruning beyond this.","Propagation":"Best propagated through rhizome division. When repotting, gently separate offsets or side shoots from the mother plant, ensuring each has roots attached. Plant divisions in moist, well-draining soil and keep them in a warm, humid environment until established.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nAlocasia sanderiana is toxic to humans if ingested. It contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause intense burning and irritation of the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms may include painful swelling, drooling, difficulty swallowing, and nausea. Handling the plant may also cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals, so it’s advisable to wear gloves when repotting or pruning and to wash hands thoroughly afterward. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is also highly toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can cause severe oral irritation, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, excessive drooling, decreased appetite, and in some cases, difficulty breathing. Veterinary attention is recommended if ingestion is suspected, especially for smaller pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tInsoluble calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) – These sharp crystals embed into soft tissues upon contact or ingestion, causing mechanical injury and irritation. <br>\n\t•\tSaponins (in small amounts) – May contribute to digestive upset and discomfort. <br>\n\nDue to its toxicity and humidity needs, the Kris Plant is best placed out of reach of children and pets, and in a spot where its dramatic foliage can be safely admired without risk."}
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Lamiaceae

95 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">You're most likely already familiar with Rosemary because this popular plant is used in many dishes! It has a fascinating look with needle-like leaves and blue flowers. That's why it's also widely used for decorative purposes. Rosemary originates from the Mediterranean, and in its natural environment, it can grow up to 6.5 ft (2 m). However, the average height of this plant is around 2 ft (0.6 m). This greenie is also drought-tolerant, which makes it a perfect plant to grow in a low-maintenance garden.</p> {"Light":"Rosemary requires full sun to thrive—ideally at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day. Outdoors, plant it in a sunny, well-ventilated location. Indoors, place it in a south-facing window or use grow lights if natural light is insufficient. Without adequate sunlight, the plant becomes leggy and weak, and its aroma and flavor diminish.","Watering":"Water when the top 3–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil is dry. Rosemary prefers slightly dry conditions and is susceptible to root rot if overwatered. Water thoroughly, then let the soil dry out before watering again. Reduce watering in winter, especially for indoor plants. It is more tolerant of underwatering than overwatering.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, sandy or loamy soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.5). Avoid heavy, clay soils that retain moisture. If growing in containers, use a cactus or Mediterranean herb mix, or amend potting soil with sand or perlite to improve drainage.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures between 18–30°C (65–86°F). It can tolerate brief, mild frosts (down to about -1°C / 30°F) but is not frost-hardy in colder climates unless grown indoors. In USDA hardiness zones 8–10, it can remain outdoors year-round. Indoors, ensure it is not exposed to cold drafts or dry heat from radiators.","Humidity":"Rosemary does best in moderate humidity. Indoors, avoid overly humid environments or stagnant air. Ensure good airflow around the plant to prevent fungal problems like powdery mildew. Do not mist the foliage, as this can promote disease.","Fertilization":"Rosemary is not a heavy feeder. Fertilize lightly with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers that encourage lush but weak growth. In rich soils, fertilizer may not be necessary at all. Do not fertilize in winter.","Pruning":"Regular light pruning helps maintain the plant’s shape and encourages bushier growth. Trim new growth frequently, especially after flowering. Avoid cutting into old, woody stems, as they may not resprout. Harvesting sprigs for cooking doubles as pruning.","Propagation":"Rosemary can be propagated from cuttings, seeds, or layering. The most reliable method is stem cuttings taken in spring or summer. Cut a 10–15 cm (4–6 inch) stem from healthy growth, remove the lower leaves, dip the base in rooting hormone, and plant it in moist, well-draining soil. Keep the soil lightly moist until rooted. Seeds can be slow and erratic to germinate.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nRosemary is non-toxic to humans and is widely used in food, teas, and herbal remedies. However, consuming very large quantities of concentrated rosemary oil may cause adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, uterine contractions (not safe in pregnancy), and seizures in rare cases. Topical use of essential oil should be diluted to avoid skin irritation. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nRosemary is generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Small amounts consumed (e.g., chewing leaves) are unlikely to cause harm. However, ingesting large quantities may cause mild digestive upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea. The essential oil is much more potent and can be harmful if ingested or applied undiluted, so it should be kept out of reach of pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tRosmarinic acid – Beneficial in small amounts, but large doses can cause mild gastrointestinal distress <br>\n\t•\tVolatile oils (e.g., camphor, cineole, pinene) – Safe in culinary use but can be toxic in large or concentrated doses, especially in oil form <br>\n\nRosemary is a beautiful, aromatic, and functional plant ideal for kitchen gardens, balconies, or sunny windowsills—safe for humans and pets when used in moderation, with care around essential oil concentrations."}
Calla Lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica) Araceae

96 <p>Calla Lily is a perennial herbaceous plant. During the blooming season, the plant forms an upright peduncle on which an elegant flower opens.</p><p>This plant grows quickly, and the bush grows to be fairly big. Large basal leaf plates are painted in a dark green hue. Large bushes leaves can grow to be about 40 in (100 cm) long and 8 in (20 cm) wide.</p><p>The flowering plant forms a long arrow at the top of which a spike-shaped inflorescence cob is created, covered in a tubular sheet spread. The plant blooms in the autumn and lasts until the end of winter or the beginning of spring. This type of flower can be found in the southern part of Africa and on the Atlantic Ocean island of Madeira. Invasive in Australia and New Zealand.</p> {"Light":"Calla Lilies prefer bright, indirect light to partial sunlight. Outdoors, they grow best in partial shade—especially in hotter climates. Indoors, place near a bright east or west-facing window. Too much direct sun can scorch the leaves and flowers, while too little light may prevent flowering.","Watering":"Calla Lilies like consistently moist soil, especially during active growth and flowering. Water deeply when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry, but do not allow the soil to dry out completely. Avoid waterlogged conditions, especially in containers, as the rhizomes are susceptible to rot. After blooming, reduce watering to allow the plant to enter dormancy.","Soil":"Requires rich, well-draining, and moisture-retentive soil. A mix of peat moss, compost, loamy soil, and perlite is ideal. Calla Lilies tolerate slightly acidic to neutral pH (around 6.0–7.0). If growing in pots, make sure containers have good drainage holes.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 16–24°C (60–75°F). While tolerant of slight fluctuations, the plant does not fare well in temperatures below 10°C (50°F) and should be brought indoors or protected in colder zones. In USDA zones 8–10, it can grow outdoors year-round; elsewhere, it may be grown as an annual or overwintered indoors.","Humidity":"Calla Lilies prefer moderate humidity (around 40–60%). They do not demand extremely high humidity but benefit from occasional misting, especially in dry indoor environments. Avoid misting directly onto flowers to prevent spotting or fungal issues.","Fertilization":"During the growing season (spring through summer), feed every 2–4 weeks with a balanced liquid fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 or 20-20-20) at half strength. Do not over-fertilize, as this may cause lush foliage at the expense of blooms. Stop fertilizing when the plant enters dormancy in fall or winter.","Pruning":"Remove spent flowers and yellowing leaves regularly to encourage new growth and maintain appearance. Once flowering is complete and foliage begins to die back naturally (if the plant enters dormancy), allow it to wither fully before cutting it to the base. This process stores energy in the rhizome for the next season.","Propagation":"Calla Lilies are most commonly propagated by dividing rhizomes in late fall or early spring. After the plant has gone dormant, dig up the rhizomes, divide them using a clean, sharp knife, and plant them in fresh soil. Each division should have at least one growth point (eye). Seeds can also be used but are slow and unreliable.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nCalla Lilies are toxic to humans if ingested. All parts of the plant—especially the rhizomes and leaves—contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. These crystals can cause severe irritation and a burning sensation in the mouth, lips, and throat if chewed or swallowed. Symptoms may include swelling, drooling, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, nausea, and vomiting. The sap may also cause skin irritation or dermatitis in sensitive individuals, so it’s recommended to wear gloves when handling. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nZantedeschia aethiopica is highly toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can cause oral irritation, pawing at the mouth, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Larger quantities can lead to more serious symptoms such as laryngeal swelling and breathing difficulties. Prompt veterinary care is recommended if ingestion is suspected. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tInsoluble calcium oxalates (raphides) – These needle-like crystals cause physical injury to tissues when chewed or ingested. <br>\n\t•\tProteolytic enzymes – May enhance the inflammatory response and tissue irritation. <br>\n\nDue to its toxicity, keep Calla Lilies out of reach of children and pets, especially indoors, and use caution when planting them in accessible garden areas. Despite their toxic nature, they remain one of the most elegant and beloved flowering plants in both home décor and ceremonial use."}
Tree Philodendron(Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum) Araceae

97 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">A low-maintenance green giant that will bring a splash of tropical forest to any garden. Its leaves and ability to climb allow for a truly immersive beauty.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Indigenous to South America, this evergreen shrub is also known as Split Leaf Philodendron, Red Emerald, Horsehead Philodendron, and several other common names. In other languages, it is also called "monkey's banana".</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The easiest way to identify it is by its large bright green glossy leaves with indented lobes. It flourishes in summer, bearing showy flowers ranging from burgundy shades to lavender and white, although indoor plants usually don't produce them. Its fruits resemble a berry and are red, orange, and white.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Sturdy and easy to care for, this plant will cease to grow upwards with age and will lie along the ground. Keep in mind that it is poisonous, so keep away from pets and children.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate moderate or dappled shade. Direct sunlight, especially intense afternoon sun, can scorch the leaves, while too little light will result in leggy growth and smaller leaves. Near a north- or east-facing window is ideal indoors.","Watering":"Water when the top 3–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil feels dry. This plant enjoys evenly moist soil during the growing season but should not sit in soggy soil, as it is prone to root rot. Reduce watering in winter when growth slows. Always use pots with drainage holes to prevent water accumulation.","Soil":"Requires rich, well-draining soil with good aeration. A high-quality indoor potting mix amended with perlite, pine bark, or coarse sand works well. The ideal soil is slightly acidic to neutral (pH 5.5–7.0). Ensure the soil retains some moisture but does not become compacted.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm, stable temperatures between 18–29°C (65–85°F). It is sensitive to cold and should not be exposed to temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Outdoor cultivation is limited to USDA zones 9–11. Protect from cold drafts and sudden temperature drops indoors.","Humidity":"Enjoys moderate to high humidity (50–80%), especially in warmer months. In dry indoor environments, increase humidity by misting, using a humidifier, or placing the plant on a humidity tray. While it can adapt to lower humidity levels, the foliage may develop browning tips or edges if the air is too dry.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer with a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer (e.g., 20-20-20 or 10-10-10) diluted to half strength. Reduce feeding to once every 2–3 months or stop entirely during the dormant winter period. Avoid over-fertilizing, which may lead to salt buildup in the soil.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is required, mostly to remove old, yellowing, or damaged leaves. If the plant becomes too large for its space, you can trim back some outer stems. Clean pruning tools before and after use to prevent disease spread.","Propagation":"Propagation is typically done through air layering or stem cuttings in warmer months. Each cutting should include a node and aerial root, if possible, to encourage rooting. Allow the cutting to callous before planting in moist soil or water. Seed propagation is rare and generally reserved for botanical settings.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nTree Philodendron is toxic to humans if ingested. All parts of the plant contain calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, and throat, along with difficulty swallowing, nausea, and vomiting. The sap can also cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Keep out of reach of children and wear gloves when pruning. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is toxic to cats and dogs. If chewed or ingested, it can cause oral pain, drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth, and swelling of the mouth or tongue. In rare cases, swelling of the airway can lead to breathing difficulties. Immediate veterinary attention is advised if ingestion is suspected. <br>\n\n_Toxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tCalcium oxalate crystals (raphides) – These needle-like crystals puncture soft tissue, causing a painful inflammatory response. <br>\n\t•\tProteolytic enzymes – Can intensify irritation and tissue damage. <br>\n\nDue to its size, presence, and tropical look, Tree Philodendron is a stunning foliage plant, ideal for spacious interiors and shaded patios. However, its toxicity requires careful placement, especially in homes with pets or small children."}
English Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Lamiaceae

98 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">English Lavender is a flowering plant of subtle beauty, which made it incredibly famous. Its distinctive strong aroma is another reason you may want to grow it at home or in the garden.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">_Lavandula angustfolia_ (commonly named True Lavender or English Lavender) is an evergreen shrub from the Mediterranean with light purple inflorescences. All of its parts contain an essential oil that has a variety of benefits for health and wellness, the use of which is known even by the ancient Greeks and Romans. Its full size can reach to be 1-3 feet (30-90 cm), and the purple fragrant flowers can be around 1-3 inches (2-8 cm).</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun (at least 6 hours per day) to thrive and bloom prolifically. Insufficient sunlight will result in leggy growth, fewer blooms, and diminished fragrance. In hot climates, some afternoon shade is tolerated, especially for younger plants.","Watering":"Water deeply but infrequently. Let the soil dry out between waterings. Overwatering is a common mistake and can cause root rot. Once established, English Lavender is highly drought-tolerant and thrives in relatively dry conditions. Avoid overhead watering to reduce fungal issues.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, sandy or loamy soil with low to moderate fertility. Ideal pH is neutral to slightly alkaline (6.5–7.5). Lavender dislikes heavy clay soils or rich, moisture-retentive soils. Raised beds or added gravel/sand improve drainage for container-grown plants.","Temperature":"Prefers temperate climates and grows best in temperatures between 15–29°C (60–85°F). It is cold-hardy and can survive winter temperatures as low as -20°C (-4°F) in USDA zones 5–9 if given good drainage. In humid or excessively rainy climates, ensure airflow and avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.","Humidity":"Prefers low humidity. High humidity environments increase the risk of fungal diseases such as root rot or leaf spot. Ensure good air circulation, especially when planted densely or in containers. Avoid planting too close to other plants.","Fertilization":"Lavender generally thrives without much fertilization. Apply a light compost top-dressing in early spring or a very diluted low-nitrogen fertilizer once at the beginning of the growing season. Over-fertilization will result in excess foliage at the expense of blooms and fragrance.","Pruning":"Prune lightly after the first bloom to encourage a second flush of flowers. In late summer or early fall, after the final bloom, cut back about one-third of the plant, shaping it into a compact mound. Avoid cutting into the woody base, as this may prevent regrowth. Regular pruning maintains vigor and prevents the plant from becoming leggy.","Propagation":"Propagate through semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late spring or early summer. Cuttings should be 8–10 cm (3–4 inches) long and include a few leaf nodes. Strip the lower leaves, dip the cut end in rooting hormone, and plant in a moist, sandy propagation medium. Seed propagation is possible but slower and more variable.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nEnglish Lavender is non-toxic to humans. It is widely used in culinary applications (e.g., lavender sugar, herbal teas), as well as in cosmetic and medicinal products. However, ingestion in large quantities may cause stomach discomfort or nausea in sensitive individuals. Lavender essential oil, when consumed undiluted, can cause more severe symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and headaches, and should not be ingested internally without professional guidance. The plant’s sap may cause mild skin irritation in rare cases. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nEnglish Lavender is mildly toxic to cats and dogs if ingested in large quantities. The main compound of concern is linalool, which can cause nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. While small amounts are unlikely to cause harm, ingestion of large amounts or lavender essential oil can be problematic, particularly in cats, whose livers are less equipped to process certain essential oil compounds. Always consult a veterinarian if symptoms appear after ingestion. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tLinalool – Found in the essential oil; mildly toxic to some animals. <br>\n\t•\tLinalyl acetate – An ester compound with soothing aroma but can contribute to toxicity in large doses. <br>\n\nWhile generally safe and beneficial, care should be taken with essential oil use around pets and children. English Lavender is a highly valued plant that offers beauty, fragrance, and utility, making it a top choice for both ornamental and practical gardens."}
Arabica Coffee Plant (Coffea arabica) Rubiaceae

99 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">How do you imagine a coffee plant? Is it a tremendous shrub somewhere in Brazil? In fact, a Coffee Plant can be one of the best plants to grow at home because it's not just easy to care for, but also very exotic and beautiful.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Coffea genus includes about 120 individual species and varieties of coffee plants, but only 3 of them can become your favorite houseplants: Coffea arabica, Coffea liberica, and Coffea robusta. Arabica Coffee Plant can reach up to 6.5 feet (2 meters) in the wild but grows significantly lower indoors. When the plant is at least 3 years old and treated carefully, you can expect the delicate bloom of white flowers in spring to brighten up your room, along with half-inch (1.3 cm) green berries that turn almost black when they mature. All parts of the plant are pretty toxic to humans and animals because of the high concentrations of caffeine, so be careful not to ingest any part and keep your children and pets away.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light. It tolerates some direct morning sun, but intense midday or afternoon sunlight can scorch the leaves. In low light, the plant will survive but may grow more slowly and produce fewer flowers or fruits. Ideal placement is near a south- or east-facing window with filtered light.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–4 cm (1–2 inches) of soil feels dry. The plant prefers even moisture, especially during the active growing season (spring and summer), but it should never sit in soggy soil. Overwatering can cause root rot. Reduce watering slightly in fall and winter when growth slows.","Soil":"Requires rich, well-draining, slightly acidic soil. A mix of peat moss, perlite, and compost or a well-balanced African violet potting mix works well. Ideal soil pH ranges from 6.0 to 6.5. Avoid heavy, compacted soils that retain excess moisture.","Temperature":"Prefers warm, stable temperatures between 18–24°C (65–75°F). It can tolerate brief drops to 10°C (50°F) but should be protected from cold drafts and frost. High temperatures above 30°C (86°F) may cause leaf curling or stress. Ideal for USDA hardiness zones 10–11 outdoors or as an indoor plant year-round in cooler zones.","Humidity":"Loves high humidity (50–80%), mimicking its native tropical habitat. Dry indoor air, especially in winter, may cause leaf browning or curling. Increase humidity with a humidifier, humidity tray, or by grouping plants together. Occasional misting also helps maintain leaf health.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) at half strength. Organic fertilizers like fish emulsion or worm castings can also be used. Reduce or stop feeding during the winter months when growth slows.","Pruning":"Prune to maintain shape, remove dead or weak growth, and encourage branching. Light pruning in early spring promotes bushier growth. Pinching off the growing tips can also help the plant stay compact indoors.","Propagation":"Propagated primarily by seeds or stem cuttings. Seeds should be fresh, as viability declines quickly. Germination can take 2–4 months and requires warm, humid conditions. Cuttings taken from young, healthy branches can root in moist potting mix or water, though rooting may be slow.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Arabica Coffee Plant is generally non-toxic to humans, and its berries (coffee cherries) are edible in small amounts, although the raw beans inside are typically roasted before consumption. However, the unroasted beans and leaves contain caffeine, which in large quantities may cause nausea, restlessness, increased heart rate, or insomnia, especially in children or caffeine-sensitive individuals. The plant sap may cause mild skin irritation in rare cases. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nArabica Coffee Plants are toxic to cats and dogs, primarily due to the caffeine content in the leaves, berries, and seeds. Ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea, restlessness, hyperactivity, elevated heart rate, tremors, and in severe cases, seizures or collapse. Immediate veterinary attention is recommended if a pet consumes any part of the plant, particularly the seeds or unripe berries. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tCaffeine – A natural stimulant affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems. <br>\n\t•\tTheobromine – Present in small quantities; contributes to toxicity in animals. <br>\n\nWhile the Arabica Coffee Plant is a beautiful and fascinating houseplant with the added appeal of producing real coffee beans, care should be taken to keep it out of reach of pets and young children. Proper growing conditions and pruning will keep the plant attractive, compact, and healthy indoors."}
Spiny Pincushion Cactus( Mammillaria spinosissima) Cactaceae

100 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Mammillaria spinosissima, also known as Spiny Pincushion Cactus, is a species of flowering plant in the cactus family Cactaceae. This prickly greenie is native to the central Mexican states of Guerrero and Morelos, where they grow up to 5-6 ft (1.5-2 m).</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Mammillaria spinosissima is a common guest at homes and garden centers due its captivating appearance and ease in maintenance. This powerful cactus is usually grown outdoors; however, many people like to plant it in pots and keep it at home. Home-grown, potted Spiny Pincushion Cactus grows to a height of 12 in (10 cm) and is covered with red or orange spines. The spines, in turn, are covered with cream-colored hair. When summer comes, the cactus produces eye-catching purple blooms, organized in a crown around the plant's top.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun to bright, direct light for optimal growth. It thrives best when placed in a sunny window or outdoors in a bright location during warm months. Insufficient light can cause the cactus to stretch or become pale and weak.","Watering":"Water sparingly during the active growing season (spring and summer), allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. In fall and winter, water very infrequently or not at all, as the plant enters dormancy and excess moisture can lead to root rot. Use the “soak and dry” method and always ensure the pot has excellent drainage.","Soil":"Thrives in a gritty, fast-draining cactus mix. A good combination includes cactus potting soil mixed with perlite, pumice, or coarse sand to improve drainage. Avoid regular garden soil, which holds too much moisture and can lead to rot.","Temperature":"Prefers warm conditions between 21–32°C (70–90°F) during the growing season. It can tolerate cooler temperatures down to 4°C (40°F) in winter if kept dry, but prolonged exposure to frost can damage or kill the plant. Indoors, avoid placing it in drafty or overly cold spots during winter.","Humidity":"Prefers low humidity environments. High humidity levels can promote fungal infections and rot. Ensure good air circulation around the plant, especially indoors.","Fertilization":"Feed with a diluted, balanced cactus fertilizer once a month during the growing season. Avoid fertilizing in fall and winter when the plant is dormant. Excessive feeding can lead to overly fast, weak growth.","Pruning":"Pruning is generally unnecessary. Remove dead flowers or damaged growth using sterilized tools to maintain plant health and appearance.","Propagation":"Easily propagated from seeds or offsets. Offsets (small pups that grow around the base) can be gently removed once they’ve developed roots. Allow cut surfaces to callous before planting in dry cactus soil. Seeds can be sown in a well-draining mix and kept warm and lightly moist until germination.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nMammillaria spinosissima is considered non-toxic to humans. There are no known harmful chemicals or toxins present in the plant. However, the spines are sharp and can easily puncture the skin, causing pain or potential minor infections if not treated properly. Handling should be done with thick gloves or tools to avoid injury. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis cactus is also non-toxic to cats and dogs, meaning ingestion is not expected to cause poisoning. However, the sharp spines pose a mechanical risk—they can injure pets’ mouths, paws, or digestive tracts if chewed or swallowed. For this reason, it is advisable to keep it out of reach of curious pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThere are no toxic compounds of concern in Mammillaria spinosissima. Any risk to humans or animals comes solely from the physical danger posed by the cactus’s dense and sometimes barbed spines, rather than any chemical toxicity."}
Bunny Ear Cactus (Opuntia microdasys) Cactaceae

101 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This plant is quite popular among houseplants lovers, not only because of its easy care but also because of its very unusual appearance. Very cute, with white spots, it immediately catches the eye. Fascinating is the fact that the plant also blooms in summer: it produces yellow flowers with a golden hue.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Bunny Ear Cactus, also known as Opuntia, belongs to a genus of desert cacti that has been able to survive where others would simply die. The appearance of Opuntia, which forms bizarre thickets and figures, is almost inseparable from Mexican landscapes.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This variety is a medium-growing cactus. It grows as a bush. The stem has an oval, flattened shape. This cactus is famous for the particular segmentation of its stems. The plant is strongly branched and grows up to 50 cm in height.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The very dense plant skin protects the juicy flesh of the shoots. Old stems gradually become woody, with a light brown crust on them.</p> {"Light":"The Bunny Ear Cactus thrives in full sun to bright light conditions. It needs at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily to maintain its compact form and vibrant coloration. Insufficient light may cause stretching or etiolation, resulting in weak, elongated pads. A south- or west-facing window is ideal for indoor growth.","Watering":"Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out completely between watering sessions. During the active growing season (spring and summer), watering every 2–3 weeks is usually sufficient. Reduce watering significantly in fall and winter, when the plant enters dormancy, to prevent root rot. Overwatering is a common cause of cactus failure.","Soil":"Requires well-draining soil specifically formulated for cacti and succulents. A gritty mix of sand, perlite, and potting soil or commercial cactus mix ensures excellent drainage, preventing water retention that can lead to root rot.","Temperature":"This cactus prefers warm temperatures between 21–30°C (70–86°F) during the growing season. It can tolerate cooler temperatures down to 10°C (50°F) but should be protected from frost and prolonged cold exposure, as freezing temperatures can damage or kill the plant.","Humidity":"Thrives in low humidity environments, reflecting its native arid habitat. High humidity or excessive moisture can encourage fungal diseases and rot, so keep the air dry and well-ventilated.","Fertilization":"Feed once a month during the growing season with a diluted, balanced fertilizer formulated for cacti and succulents. Avoid fertilizing during the dormant winter months. Over-fertilization can damage roots or cause excessive, weak growth.","Pruning":"Pruning is generally unnecessary for Bunny Ear Cactus. However, damaged or diseased pads can be carefully removed using protective gloves to avoid contact with the irritating glochids. Pruned pads can sometimes be propagated.","Propagation":"Propagation is easily done through pad cuttings. Allow cut pads to dry and callous over for several days before planting them in dry, well-draining soil. Keep the soil lightly moist until roots develop, typically within a few weeks.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Bunny Ear Cactus is non-toxic to humans and safe to keep in homes. However, the plant’s pads are covered in tiny glochids—minute, barbed spines that detach easily and can cause painful skin irritation, itching, and inflammation if touched. Handling the plant with care and using gloves is recommended to avoid these tiny spines. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nOpuntia microdasys is non-toxic to cats and dogs in terms of chemical toxicity. However, the glochids pose a physical hazard. Pets that come into contact with the cactus may experience discomfort, irritation, or injury from the tiny spines, particularly around the mouth, paws, or skin. Immediate veterinary care may be necessary if glochids become embedded or cause severe irritation.\n\n<br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe Bunny Ear Cactus does not contain toxic chemical compounds such as alkaloids, oxalates, or saponins. Its primary risk is physical injury from the glochids rather than chemical toxicity.\n\n<br> \nDue to its attractive appearance and easy care, the Bunny Ear Cactus is a delightful choice for cactus enthusiasts, but caution is advised when handling or placing the plant around children and pets. Proper gloves and safe placement will allow enjoyment of its unique form without discomfort."}
Cavendish Banana (Musa Acuminata) Musaceae

102 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Williams' is believed to have first appeared as a tall mutant in a 'Chinese Cavendish' (Dwarf Cavendish) plantation in Australia in 19101. It soon started replacing 'Chinese Cavendish' and, by the 1950s, became the most widely grown cultivar in the country. It was introduced in Hawaii in 1953, where it soon replaced 'Chinese Cavendish in commercial plantations and also became the third most popular backyard banana (after 'Chinese Cavendish' and Hawaiian Apple').</p> {"Light":"The Cavendish Banana requires full sun for optimal growth and fruit production. It thrives best with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. In indoor settings or greenhouses, bright, intense light is crucial to simulate natural conditions. Insufficient light can stunt growth and delay or prevent fruiting.","Watering":"Cavendish Banana plants require consistent moisture due to their large leaves and rapid growth. The soil should be kept evenly moist but not waterlogged. Water deeply and regularly during the growing season, typically 2–3 times per week depending on climate and soil drainage. Reduce watering in cooler months when growth slows. Good drainage is essential to prevent root rot.","Soil":"They prefer rich, well-draining soils with high organic matter content and a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 5.5 to 7.0. Loamy soils amended with compost or well-rotted manure are ideal. Heavy clay soils should be avoided or improved to enhance drainage.","Temperature":"This species prefers warm, tropical temperatures between 22–30°C (72–86°F). It is sensitive to cold and cannot tolerate temperatures below 10°C (50°F) for extended periods. Frost will cause severe damage or death. The plant grows best in humid climates with stable warmth year-round.","Humidity":"High humidity levels between 50–80% are beneficial, mimicking the plant’s native tropical environment. Low humidity can cause leaf browning and tip burn, so increasing humidity via misting or humidifiers can improve plant health indoors.","Fertilization":"Due to rapid growth and heavy nutrient use, the Cavendish Banana benefits from frequent feeding during the growing season. Use a balanced fertilizer high in potassium, such as a 10-10-20 or 8-10-12 NPK formula, applied every 2–4 weeks. Organic options like compost tea or fish emulsion also support healthy growth. Reduce feeding during dormancy.","Pruning":"Prune dead or damaged leaves regularly to maintain plant health and appearance. Remove spent flowering stalks after fruiting to encourage new growth. In large plantings, thinning suckers (shoots) to leave only one or two main stems will help focus energy on fruit production.","Propagation":"Propagation is primarily done by suckers (also called pups or offshoots) that grow at the base of mature plants. These can be separated carefully with roots intact and replanted. Tissue culture propagation is used commercially for disease-free and uniform stock.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Cavendish Banana is non-toxic to humans and is widely consumed as a nutritious and safe fruit. The plant itself poses no poisoning risk if touched or ingested. However, unripe bananas contain higher levels of tannins and starches that may cause mild digestive discomfort if eaten in large quantities. Skin contact with banana sap is generally harmless but may rarely cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nMusa acuminata is non-toxic to cats and dogs. Pets that nibble on the leaves or fruit are unlikely to suffer adverse effects. However, excessive consumption of banana fruit or plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea due to fiber content or large volume ingestion. There are no known toxic compounds in the plant that pose serious risks to pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNo significant toxic compounds have been identified in the Cavendish Banana plant. Unlike some tropical plants, it does not contain alkaloids, oxalates, or saponins harmful to humans or animals.\n\n<br>\n\nThe Cavendish Banana is both a valuable food crop and an attractive tropical plant, providing lush foliage and delicious fruit while being safe for homes with children and pets. With adequate light, warmth, and moisture, it can thrive indoors or outdoors in suitable climates."}
Garden Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) Rosaceae

103 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Garden Strawberry is a rather simple but, at the same time, an exquisite plant that can surprise with juicy and fragrant berries. This perennial hybrid species belongs to the Fragaria genus and the Rosaceae family. It grows small and has bright green, sharp leaves and white flowers with 5 petals, eventually forming large, juicy berries. Flowering usually occurs in the spring, while fruit starts growing in the summer months and continues into the fall. The fruits are red, although they can be white or pink, with the same-color pulp.</p> {"Light":"Garden Strawberries require full sun to produce abundant, flavorful fruit. They need at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Insufficient light can lead to reduced flowering, poor fruit set, and smaller berries.","Watering":"Strawberries need consistent moisture but do not tolerate waterlogged soil. Water regularly to keep the soil evenly moist, especially during flowering and fruit development. Drip irrigation or soaker hoses are preferred to avoid wetting the foliage, which can reduce disease risk. Overhead watering may encourage fungal diseases. Typically, watering once or twice a week depending on weather and soil conditions is adequate.","Soil":"They prefer well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter with a slightly acidic pH between 5.5 and 6.8. Loamy soil amended with compost or well-rotted manure improves fertility and moisture retention. Avoid heavy clay soils or poorly drained sites to prevent root diseases.","Temperature":"They thrive in cool to moderate temperatures, ideally between 15–25°C (59–77°F) during the growing season. Strawberries can tolerate light frosts but prolonged freezing temperatures can damage flowers and fruit. Mulching and row covers are often used in cooler climates to protect plants.","Humidity":"Garden Strawberries grow best in moderate humidity conditions. Excessive humidity combined with wet foliage can promote fungal diseases like powdery mildew and gray mold (Botrytis), so good air circulation is important.","Fertilization":"Fertilize at planting and regularly during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer high in potassium and phosphorus to encourage flowering and fruiting. Use a balanced 10-10-10 or similar NPK formula every 4–6 weeks, or apply slow-release fertilizers as recommended. Avoid excessive nitrogen, which promotes leafy growth at the expense of fruit.","Pruning":"Remove dead or damaged leaves and runners that are not needed for propagation to focus plant energy on fruit production. After harvest, trim back old foliage to reduce disease pressure and stimulate new growth. Regular cleaning helps maintain plant health.","Propagation":"Propagation is mainly done via runners (stolons), which are horizontal stems that grow from the mother plant and root at nodes to form new daughter plants. These can be separated and transplanted. Propagation by seed is less common commercially but possible.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Garden Strawberry is non-toxic and edible for humans, widely enjoyed as fresh fruit or in various recipes. It is safe for all ages and provides important nutrients like vitamin C, manganese, and antioxidants. There are no toxic parts of the plant, but some individuals may have allergic reactions to strawberry fruits or pollen. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nFragaria × ananassa is non-toxic to cats and dogs. Pets can safely eat small amounts of strawberry fruit, which may be a healthy occasional treat. However, excessive consumption of leaves or unripe fruit could cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea due to fiber content or other plant matter. No toxic compounds are present in the plant or fruit. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe Garden Strawberry does not contain harmful alkaloids, oxalates, or saponins. It is safe to grow around children and pets, with no known poisonous components. <br>\n\nWith its delicious fruit, attractive flowers, and easy propagation, the Garden Strawberry is a rewarding plant for home gardeners and a safe addition to indoor or outdoor spaces frequented by family and pets."}
Noble Dendrobium( Dendrobium nobile) Orchidaceae

104 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Completely unusual, Dendrobium nobile is one of the most beautiful Orchid species in the world. Its dense and variegated flowers will add color to any dwelling or outdoor space.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Commonly known as Dendrobium nobile, Noble Dendrobium is a perennial member of the Orchidacee family. This flowering plant is native to southern China and Indochina. Noble Dendrobium is one of the most popular Orchid species widely cultivated at home. Its ornamental two-colored flowers vary from white to pink and purple. This flowering plant blooms in winter and summer when other plants are dormant and produces several flowers consisting of 6 ovate-shaped waxy petals. As for its size, Dendrobium Noble can reach up to 12 inches (30 cm) in height.</p> {"Light":"This orchid prefers bright, indirect light to partial shade. Direct sunlight, especially during midday, can scorch the leaves, while insufficient light will reduce flowering. An east-facing window or a spot with filtered light is ideal to provide enough illumination for healthy growth and abundant blooms.","Watering":"Water the plant regularly during the active growing season, keeping the potting medium evenly moist but not soggy. Allow the top layer of the medium to dry slightly between waterings. Reduce watering significantly during the winter dormancy period when the plant loses its leaves, allowing the medium to dry out more between waterings to prevent root rot. Good drainage is essential to avoid waterlogged conditions.","Soil":"Use a well-draining orchid mix that mimics the plant’s natural epiphytic environment. A blend of fir bark, charcoal, perlite, and sphagnum moss works well. Avoid traditional potting soil as it retains too much moisture and can suffocate the roots.","Temperature":"Noble Dendrobium thrives in intermediate to warm temperatures, ideally between 18–30°C (65–86°F) during the day and cooler nights around 13–18°C (55–65°F). A noticeable drop in nighttime temperature (about 10°C difference) is beneficial to trigger flowering. It tolerates short periods of cooler temperatures but should be protected from frost and prolonged cold.","Humidity":"The Noble Dendrobium prefers moderate to high humidity levels of 50–70%. In drier indoor environments, increase humidity with a humidifier, humidity trays, or regular misting. Good air circulation is important to prevent fungal or bacterial infections.","Fertilization":"Feed the plant with a balanced orchid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 2 weeks during the active growing season (spring and summer). Reduce feeding frequency during the dormant winter months when the plant is not actively growing. Fertilizing promotes healthy foliage and prolific flowering.","Pruning":"After flowering, prune the flower spikes once they fade to encourage new growth. Remove any dead or yellowing leaves and pseudobulbs to maintain plant health and aesthetics. Avoid cutting into healthy canes that may produce new growth or keikis.","Propagation":"Propagation is mainly achieved through keikis (small plantlets that form on mature canes) or by division of established plants. Keikis can be removed once they develop roots about 2–3 inches long and then potted separately. Division is best done during repotting in spring.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Noble Dendrobium is non-toxic to humans and poses no risk if touched or accidentally ingested. It is safe to grow indoors and does not contain harmful compounds that cause poisoning. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis orchid species is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-friendly choice for households. While ingestion of plant material is unlikely to cause serious health issues, it may occasionally result in mild gastrointestinal discomfort such as vomiting or diarrhea if large quantities are consumed. No toxic substances harmful to pets have been identified in Dendrobium nobile. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNoble Dendrobium contains no known alkaloids, oxalates, saponins, or other toxic chemicals commonly responsible for plant toxicity. It is considered safe around children and pets.\n\n<br>\n\nThe Noble Dendrobium is a graceful and rewarding orchid species that combines elegant flowers with ease of care and pet safety, making it a wonderful addition to any orchid collection or indoor garden."}
Mophead Hydrangea(Hydrangea macrophylla) Hydrangeaceae

105 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Mophead Hydrangea is a stunning shrub native to Japan and Korea, renowned for its large, showy flower heads that come in shades of blue, pink, and purple. These blooms, often referred to as "mopheads" due to their rounded shape, appear in late spring to summer and add a pop of color to any garden. The plant can grow between 3-6 feet (90-180 cm) tall and wide, making it a perfect choice for garden borders or as a standalone feature.</p> {"Light":"Mophead Hydrangeas prefer partial shade to morning sun with afternoon shade. They thrive in locations with bright but indirect sunlight. Too much direct, hot afternoon sun can scorch the leaves and reduce flower longevity, while too little light can result in sparse flowering.","Watering":"This plant requires regular and consistent watering, especially during dry spells and the flowering season. The soil should be kept evenly moist but not waterlogged. Mulching can help retain soil moisture. Overwatering or poorly drained soil can cause root rot, so ensure good drainage.","Soil":"Mophead Hydrangeas prefer rich, well-draining, and moist soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 5.2 to 6.5. The soil pH directly influences flower color: acidic soils (pH below 6) tend to produce blue flowers, while alkaline soils (pH above 7) lead to pink flowers. Adding aluminum sulfate can encourage blue hues, while lime increases pink coloration.","Temperature":"They grow best in mild to moderate temperatures, ideally between 15–24°C (59–75°F). Mophead Hydrangeas can tolerate light frost but prolonged freezing temperatures may damage flower buds and woody stems. Mulching helps protect roots in colder climates.","Humidity":"They prefer moderate humidity levels. Excessively dry air may cause leaf edges to brown. Regular watering and mulching can help maintain humidity near the root zone.","Fertilization":"Fertilize in early spring with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer or a fertilizer formulated for acid-loving plants. Additional feeding can be applied mid-season to support continued blooming. Avoid over-fertilizing as this may promote excessive leaf growth at the expense of flowers.","Pruning":"Pruning should be done immediately after flowering, since Mophead Hydrangeas bloom on old wood (last year’s growth). Remove spent flower heads and trim back weak or dead stems to promote healthy growth and shape the plant. Avoid heavy pruning late in the season, as it may reduce blooms for the next year.","Propagation":"Propagation is commonly performed through softwood or semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late spring or early summer. Layering and division are also possible methods for producing new plants.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nHydrangea macrophylla contains compounds called cyanogenic glycosides, which can release cyanide when plant tissues are damaged or ingested in large amounts. While accidental ingestion of small amounts of flowers or leaves is unlikely to cause severe poisoning in humans, consuming significant quantities can be harmful and cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, or in extreme cases, respiratory distress. Therefore, it is advised to keep the plant out of reach of small children and to avoid ingestion. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe Mophead Hydrangea is toxic to cats and dogs due to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides as well. If pets chew or ingest parts of the plant, they may experience symptoms such as drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, difficulty breathing, or lethargy. Immediate veterinary attention is recommended if ingestion occurs. Even though serious poisoning is rare, it is safer to keep this plant away from curious pets.\n\n<br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe main toxic compounds in Hydrangea macrophylla are cyanogenic glycosides, specifically hydrangin, which can release cyanide when metabolized. These compounds are concentrated mostly in leaves, stems, and buds. There are no known antidotes, so prevention and prompt medical or veterinary care are essential in case of poisoning. <br>\n\nMophead Hydrangea is a beautiful ornamental shrub with vibrant flowers but requires caution regarding toxicity, especially in homes with pets or small children. Proper placement and supervision help ensure safe enjoyment of this lovely garden favorite."}
Olive(Olea europaea) Oleaceae

106 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Olea europaea, commonly known as the Olive tree, is a small evergreen tree native to the Mediterranean Basin, widely cultivated for its edible fruit (olives) and olive oil production. It features narrow, silvery-green leaves with a leathery texture and a gnarled, often twisted trunk that becomes more pronounced with age. Olive trees can live for several centuries and are symbols of peace, wisdom, and prosperity. The tree produces small, fragrant white flowers in spring, followed by oval-shaped olives that mature from green to black depending on the variety and ripeness. Olive trees are drought-tolerant and thrive in hot, dry climates with well-drained soil. They are grown both for their culinary fruit and as ornamental landscape trees.</span></blockquote><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Olive trees require full sun for optimal growth and fruit production, needing at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. They thrive best in bright, sunny locations and will produce more abundant fruit under these conditions.","Watering":"Olive trees are drought-tolerant once established, but regular watering is important during the first few years to encourage root development. Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between watering sessions. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so well-draining soil and avoiding waterlogging are crucial. During fruit development, moderate watering supports better yields.","Soil":"They prefer well-drained, sandy or loamy soils with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH (6 to 8). Olive trees do not tolerate heavy clay soils or waterlogged conditions. Good drainage is essential to prevent root diseases.","Temperature":"They prefer warm climates, growing best in temperatures between 15–30°C (59–86°F). Olive trees tolerate high heat and drought but are sensitive to severe frost below -7°C (19°F), which can damage branches and reduce productivity. Young trees require protection from frost in colder regions.","Humidity":"Olive trees thrive in low to moderate humidity environments, typical of Mediterranean climates. Excessive humidity or prolonged wetness can promote fungal diseases such as olive leaf spot or root rot. Good air circulation is beneficial to maintain plant health.","Fertilization":"Fertilize olive trees in early spring and mid-summer with a balanced fertilizer high in nitrogen and potassium to support healthy foliage and fruit production. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can encourage excessive leafy growth at the expense of fruiting. Organic compost or well-rotted manure also improves soil fertility.","Pruning":"Prune olive trees annually during late winter or early spring to maintain shape, remove dead or crossing branches, and improve light penetration and air circulation within the canopy. Pruning encourages vigorous new growth and better fruit yields. Avoid heavy pruning in late summer or fall to prevent frost damage on fresh cuts.","Propagation":"Propagation is primarily through cuttings or grafting, as seeds take longer to germinate and may not produce true-to-type plants. Hardwood cuttings taken in late winter root well under proper conditions. Grafting is common in commercial production to maintain desired cultivars.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nOlive trees and their fruit are non-toxic to humans. Olives are widely consumed worldwide, both raw and processed, and olive oil is a staple in many diets. There is no poisoning risk associated with handling or consuming the fruit and leaves. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe Olive tree is non-toxic to cats and dogs. However, ingestion of large quantities of olive leaves or unprocessed olives may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea due to fiber content or oil richness, but it is not considered dangerous or life-threatening. Olive oil used in moderation is also safe for pets.\n\n<br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNo significant toxic compounds have been identified in Olea europaea. Unlike some plants that contain alkaloids or oxalates, olives and olive leaves are safe for humans and pets when handled or consumed appropriately.\n\n<br>\n\nThe Olive tree is a resilient and historically significant plant valued for its beauty, shade, and nutritious fruit, making it an excellent addition to warm, sunny gardens and landscapes with the added benefit of safety for households with pets and children."}
Satin Pothos(Scindapsus pictus) Araceae

107 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Scindapsus pictus is a species of flowering plant in the arum family Araceae. In the wild, Scindapsus thrives in India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines. This greenie is very easy to take care of, even for a novice.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Satin Pothos is a vine. The leaves of this beautiful green beauty are egg-shaped, leathery, dark green in color, and covered with silvery spots. However, Pothos is half-dormant in winter and only produces thin stems and small leaves.</p> {"Light":"Satin Pothos thrives in bright, indirect light but can tolerate low light conditions. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can scorch the leaves and fade the delicate silver markings. Insufficient light may slow growth and reduce variegation.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–3 centimeters of soil feel dry to the touch. Typically, this means watering about once every 1–2 weeks depending on indoor humidity and temperature. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it is important to ensure the pot has proper drainage and to avoid letting the plant sit in water.","Soil":"Satin Pothos requires a well-draining, peat-based potting mix enriched with perlite or orchid bark to improve aeration. A soil mix designed for aroids or general indoor plants works well. Avoid heavy, compacted soils that retain too much moisture.","Temperature":"It prefers a warm environment with temperatures between 18–29°C (65–85°F). Temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can cause damage to the plant. Avoid cold drafts and sudden temperature changes.","Humidity":"This plant prefers moderate to high humidity levels, ideally between 50–70%. In drier indoor environments, increase humidity by using a humidifier, misting the leaves regularly, or placing the pot on a humidity tray with water and pebbles.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring through early fall) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid fertilizing during winter dormancy.","Pruning":"Prune as needed to control length and encourage bushier growth. Cut just above a node to promote new branching. Remove any yellowing or damaged leaves to maintain plant health and appearance.","Propagation":"Propagation is easily done by stem cuttings placed in water or directly into moist soil. Each cutting should have at least one node, as roots will emerge from these points. Rooting in water usually takes 2–4 weeks, after which the plant can be potted.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nScindapsus pictus contains calcium oxalate crystals, which are sharp, needle-like structures that can cause irritation if ingested or if sap comes into contact with the skin or eyes. Ingestion by humans can lead to symptoms such as mouth and throat irritation, burning sensation, swelling, difficulty swallowing, and nausea. While generally not life-threatening, these symptoms can be uncomfortable and may require medical attention, especially in children. Therefore, it is advised to keep Satin Pothos out of reach of small children and to avoid chewing or swallowing any part of the plant. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nSatin Pothos is toxic to cats and dogs due to the presence of calcium oxalate crystals. If pets chew or ingest leaves or stems, they may experience oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, and in some cases, swelling of the lips or tongue. While rarely fatal, ingestion should be taken seriously and veterinary advice sought promptly to manage symptoms. Keeping this plant in pet-free areas or elevated locations is recommended. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe plant’s toxicity is primarily caused by calcium oxalate crystals. These insoluble crystals mechanically irritate soft tissues, causing pain and inflammation when chewed or touched. No systemic toxins or alkaloids have been identified in significant amounts. <br>\n\nSatin Pothos is a beautiful and easy-to-care-for plant that adds elegance to indoor spaces but requires caution due to its mild toxicity to both humans and pets. Proper placement and supervision ensure safe enjoyment of this stunning foliage plant."}
Florist's Cyclamen(Cyclamen persicum) Primulaceae

108 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Pay attention to Persian Cyclamen if you like flowering plants but no longer have space for large bushes. This miniature plant will decorate your windowsills with bright flowers.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Persian Cyclamen, also known as Florist's cyclamen and Persian Violet, is native to the Mediterranean regions. We can identify it as a representative of the Primulacee family. It has heart-shaped leaves and gentle flowers, which come in pink, white, red, or purple colors.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This plant can grow up to 9 feet (2.7 m) tall and wide. Be careful with it as it's toxic to both animals and humans.</p> {"Light":"Florist’s Cyclamen thrives in bright, indirect light but should be protected from direct sunlight, especially during warmer months, as too much sun can scorch the leaves and cause the flowers to fade prematurely. A north or east-facing window is ideal.","Watering":"Watering should be done carefully to avoid tuber rot. Water when the soil surface feels dry, preferably from the bottom by placing the pot in a shallow dish of water for about 15–20 minutes, allowing roots to absorb moisture without wetting the crown. Avoid watering directly on the tuber or leaves to prevent rot. During dormancy (summer), reduce watering significantly.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, peat-based potting mix rich in organic matter. Adding perlite or sand improves drainage, which is crucial to prevent waterlogging and tuber decay.","Temperature":"This plant prefers cool temperatures between 12–18°C (54–65°F) during the day, and slightly cooler at night. Temperatures above 21°C (70°F) can shorten bloom life and induce dormancy. It does not tolerate frost and should be kept away from drafts or heating vents.","Humidity":"Florist’s Cyclamen prefers moderate humidity. Avoid placing it in overly dry environments; increasing humidity with a pebble tray or humidifier can help, especially during indoor heating seasons. Ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–3 weeks during the active growing and flowering period with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Fertilizing should stop once flowering ends and the plant enters dormancy.","Pruning":"Remove spent flowers and yellowing leaves by gently twisting and pulling at the base to keep the plant tidy and to encourage further blooming. Avoid cutting the tuber itself.","Propagation":"Propagation is commonly done by seed, which requires cold stratification and patience, or by dividing mature tubers during dormancy. Seed-grown plants may take 2–3 years to bloom.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nCyclamen persicum contains toxic compounds, primarily saponins and cyclamine alkaloids, concentrated mostly in its tubers and to a lesser extent in leaves and flowers. Ingesting any part of the plant can cause gastrointestinal irritation in humans, including symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Large ingestions may lead to more severe effects such as convulsions or respiratory distress, although this is rare. Skin contact with the sap may also cause mild irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. It is advised to keep this plant out of reach of children and to wash hands after handling.\n<br> \n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nFlorist’s Cyclamen is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingesting any part of the plant, especially the tubers, can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and in severe cases, seizures or heart abnormalities. Pets are often attracted to the plant’s texture, making poisoning a risk if accessible. Immediate veterinary care is recommended if ingestion occurs. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe primary toxic agents are saponins, which can cause irritation and hemolysis, and cyclamine alkaloids, which affect the nervous system. These compounds make the plant moderately toxic, so caution is necessary when grown indoors with children or pets. <br>\n\nFlorist’s Cyclamen is a beautiful and rewarding plant to grow indoors, but its toxic nature requires mindful placement and handling to ensure safety in the home. <br>"}
Cat palm (Chamaedorea cataractarum) Arecaceae

109 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Cat palm is a bushy and appealing plant that is easy to take care of. Its dark green leaves and airy arching fronds will lighten your home in a blink of an eye.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Camaedorea cataractarum, or Cascade palm, Cataract palm, or Cat palm, is a palm tree found in Southern Mexico and Central America. Its slender cane-like leaves can reach 3.3 feet (1 m) indoors and up to 6.6 feet (2 m) outdoors.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The plant can reproduce via seeds and grow new plants at the base. Flower stalks can be either male or female, and the drooping flowers are quite unusual, being bright yellow and extending around a flower spike</p> {"Light":"Cat Palm thrives best in bright, indirect light but can tolerate partial shade. Direct sunlight can scorch the fronds, causing brown tips or spots. It adapts well to lower light conditions, though growth may slow.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry, usually about once a week depending on indoor humidity and temperature. Overwatering should be avoided as it can lead to root rot. Ensure the pot has good drainage. During winter, reduce watering slightly but do not allow the soil to dry out completely.","Soil":"Cat Palm prefers a well-draining, rich potting mix that retains some moisture but does not become waterlogged. A mix containing peat, perlite, and pine bark works well to provide aeration and moisture retention.","Temperature":"This palm prefers warm temperatures ranging from 18–27°C (65–80°F). It should be protected from temperatures below 13°C (55°F) as cold drafts or chills can damage the plant. Sudden temperature changes and cold exposure should be avoided.","Humidity":"This palm thrives in high humidity environments, ideally between 50–70%. Indoor air tends to be dry, especially in heated rooms, so increasing humidity through misting, a pebble tray, or a humidifier is beneficial for maintaining healthy foliage and preventing brown leaf tips.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce feeding during the fall and winter months when growth slows.","Pruning":"Remove any yellowing or brown fronds at the base by cutting close to the stem to maintain the plant’s neat appearance. Regular pruning helps prevent pest issues and encourages new growth. Avoid excessive pruning as palms grow slowly.","Propagation":"Propagation of Cat Palm is typically done by division of clumps during repotting, as seed propagation is slow and uncommon for indoor growers. Carefully separate rooted offsets and pot them individually in fresh soil.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nChamaedorea cataractarum is considered non-toxic to humans. There are no known harmful compounds that cause poisoning or skin irritation, making it safe for households with children. Handling the plant poses no known risks, and accidental ingestion of small amounts is unlikely to cause symptoms. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe Cat Palm is also non-toxic to cats and dogs, which makes it a pet-friendly indoor palm choice. Although generally safe, ingestion of large amounts of any plant material can cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea due to fiber content, but this is not considered dangerous or life-threatening.\n\n<br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNo significant toxic compounds have been identified in Chamaedorea cataractarum. This distinguishes it from some other indoor palms or plants that carry risks of irritation or poisoning. <br>\n\nThe Cat Palm is an elegant, easy-care, and pet-safe palm that brings a touch of tropical lushness indoors without toxicity concerns, making it a great choice for homes with children and pets."}
Echeveria agavoides(Echeveria agavoides) Crassulaceae

110 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Echeveria agavoides is a striking succulent native to Mexico, widely appreciated for its rosette-shaped clusters of thick, fleshy, triangular leaves that resemble the form of an agave plant—hence its name. The leaves are typically bright green with pointed tips that often have reddish or pinkish edges, creating a vivid contrast. This compact succulent grows slowly and usually reaches about 10–15 cm (4–6 inches) in height, making it perfect for indoor pots, rock gardens, or succulent arrangements. In spring to early summer, it produces small bell-shaped flowers on tall stalks, colored in shades of red, orange, or yellow. Echeveria agavoides is drought-tolerant, requiring minimal watering and care, and is favored for its architectural beauty and ease of maintenance.</span></blockquote><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"This succulent thrives in bright, direct sunlight to maintain its compact form and vibrant leaf coloration. At least 6 hours of sunlight per day is ideal. Insufficient light leads to leggy, stretched growth. In very hot climates, some afternoon shade can prevent leaf scorch.","Watering":"Water sparingly using the “soak and dry” method — water deeply and then allow the soil to dry completely before watering again. Overwatering can cause root rot. During winter dormancy, reduce watering to once a month or less. Avoid getting water on the leaves to prevent rot or fungal issues.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining cactus or succulent mix, typically composed of coarse sand, perlite, and organic matter. Good drainage is essential to prevent waterlogging and root rot.","Temperature":"Echeveria agavoides prefers warm temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F) but can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures down to 7°C (45°F) for short periods. It is not frost-hardy and should be protected from freezing temperatures, which can damage or kill the plant.","Humidity":"Prefers low to moderate humidity typical of arid environments. High humidity or poor air circulation can increase the risk of fungal diseases or rot.","Fertilization":"Feed lightly once a month during the growing season (spring and summer) with a diluted, balanced fertilizer formulated for succulents and cacti. Avoid fertilizing during dormancy (fall and winter).","Pruning":"Remove dead or dried leaves from the base to keep the plant tidy and prevent pest infestation. Pruning is generally minimal as Echeveria agavoides maintains a neat rosette shape naturally.","Propagation":"Propagation is easily done through leaf cuttings, offset division, or stem cuttings. Leaf cuttings take several weeks to root and grow. Offsets (“pups”) that form around the base can be separated and replanted once they develop roots.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nEcheveria agavoides is non-toxic to humans. There are no known harmful compounds in the plant, making it safe to handle and keep in households with children. Accidental ingestion is unlikely to cause any adverse effects. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis succulent is also non-toxic to cats and dogs, which makes it a pet-friendly choice for indoor or outdoor gardens. While ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild digestive upset such as vomiting or diarrhea due to fiber content, Echeveria agavoides itself poses no serious poisoning risk to pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNo toxic compounds of concern have been identified in Echeveria agavoides. It is considered safe and non-irritant. <br>\n\nEcheveria agavoides is a visually striking, low-maintenance succulent that brings architectural beauty and color to any space, with the added benefit of being completely safe around children and pets."}
String of Pearls( Senecio rowleyanus) Asteraceae

111 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Senecio rowleyanus is cultivated at home as an ampelous plant and characterized by unpretentiousness and rapid growth.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">In its natural habitat in South Africa, this succulent grows in poor, rocky soil, rooting as groundcover-like shoots grow. Long stems with modified green leaves are a distinguishing trait and remarkable beauty of the plant. Long strands with strung beads appear to hang from a flower pot.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">A thin, transparent band runs along the leaves to allow light into the leaf for photosynthesis.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">At the same time, the spherical shape reduces surface area, protecting the leaf from extreme heat and minimizing moisture loss. The plant shoots are thin, nearly filiform, and remarkably sturdy for such a delicate succulent, with whips up to 24 in (60 cm) long and up to 40 in (100 cm) long in older plants.</p> {"Light":"String of Pearls requires bright, indirect light to thrive. It can tolerate some direct morning or late afternoon sun but should be protected from intense midday sunlight, which may scorch the delicate leaves. Insufficient light will cause the pearls to shrink and the stems to become leggy and weak.","Watering":"Use the “soak and dry” watering method: water thoroughly and allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering is a common cause of root rot in String of Pearls. Typically, watering every 2–3 weeks is sufficient, with less frequency during winter dormancy. Avoid watering the leaves to prevent rot.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining cactus or succulent potting mix composed of coarse sand, perlite, and organic matter. Good drainage is essential to prevent waterlogging and root rot. Adding pumice or grit can improve aeration further.","Temperature":"This succulent prefers temperatures between 18–24°C (65–75°F) but can tolerate a range from 10–29°C (50–85°F). It is not frost-hardy and should be protected from temperatures below 7°C (45°F) to prevent damage.","Humidity":"Prefers low to moderate humidity, typical of dry, arid environments. High humidity and poor air circulation can increase the risk of fungal diseases and stem rot.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the active growing season (spring and summer) with a diluted, balanced fertilizer designed for succulents and cacti. Fertilizing should be stopped or reduced significantly during fall and winter dormancy.","Pruning":"Trim any shriveled, dead, or unhealthy stems to encourage healthy growth and maintain the plant’s neat appearance. Pruning also helps stimulate branching and fuller growth. Use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears to prevent infection.","Propagation":"Propagation is easily done by stem cuttings. Cut healthy stems about 4–6 inches long, allow the cut ends to callous over for a day or two, then plant in well-draining soil. Rooting usually occurs within a few weeks. Offsets can also be used for propagation.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nSenecio rowleyanus contains compounds called alkaloids that can be toxic if ingested. Although it is not highly poisonous, ingestion by humans, especially children, can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Skin contact with the sap may cause mild irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Therefore, it is advisable to keep this plant out of reach of small children and avoid direct skin contact. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nString of Pearls is considered toxic to cats and dogs. If ingested, it can cause symptoms such as drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and loss of appetite. The alkaloids present can affect the gastrointestinal tract and, in severe cases, may cause more serious health issues. Immediate veterinary attention is recommended if ingestion occurs. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe plant contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are known to be hepatotoxic (damaging to the liver) in large quantities. While the amount in Senecio rowleyanus is low, caution is warranted, especially around pets and children. <br>\n\nDue to its attractive trailing appearance, Senecio rowleyanus is a wonderful ornamental succulent for experienced plant owners who can manage its care carefully and ensure it is kept away from vulnerable pets and children."}
Heartleaf Philodendron(Philodendron hederaceum) Araceae

112 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Heartleaf Philodendron is a classic trailing houseplant known for its lush, cascading vines and glossy, heart-shaped leaves. Native to Central and South America, it adapts effortlessly to indoor life and is a go-to for beginners and plant lovers alike. Its vines can grow several feet (around 60 cm) long indoors, making it perfect for hanging baskets, shelves, or training along trellises. While it rarely flowers indoors, its foliage more than makes up for it with a steady display of rich green leaves year-round.</p> {"Light":"Heartleaf Philodendron prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate lower light conditions. Avoid direct sunlight, as it can scorch the leaves. In low light, growth may slow, and leaves may become smaller, but the plant generally remains healthy.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry to the touch. Overwatering should be avoided to prevent root rot; ensure the pot has drainage holes and allow excess water to escape. During winter, reduce watering frequency.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, peat-based potting mix enriched with organic matter. A mix designed for aroids or houseplants that retains moisture but drains well is ideal. Adding perlite or orchid bark can improve aeration.","Temperature":"Thrives in typical indoor temperatures between 18–26°C (65–79°F). It does not tolerate temperatures below 13°C (55°F) and should be protected from cold drafts or sudden temperature fluctuations.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity (40–60%) but adapts well to average indoor humidity levels. Increased humidity encourages healthier foliage and faster growth. Mist occasionally or use a humidity tray if air is very dry.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce feeding in fall and winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Regular pruning helps maintain the plant’s shape and encourages bushier growth. Trim leggy stems just above a leaf node. Remove yellow or damaged leaves to keep the plant healthy.","Propagation":"Propagation is easily achieved through stem cuttings. Cut a stem with at least two nodes, remove the lower leaves, and root it in water or moist soil. Roots typically develop within a few weeks.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nPhilodendron hederaceum contains calcium oxalate crystals, which are sharp, needle-like structures. If ingested by humans, especially children, these crystals can cause immediate irritation and a burning sensation in the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat, leading to swelling, pain, and difficulty swallowing. Skin contact with the sap may also cause irritation or allergic dermatitis in sensitive individuals. While generally not fatal, ingestion can result in significant discomfort and should be treated promptly. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe plant is toxic to cats and dogs due to the same calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion can cause symptoms such as oral irritation, excessive drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Pets may experience swelling of the mouth and throat, which can lead to breathing difficulties in severe cases. Veterinary care is recommended if ingestion occurs. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nCalcium oxalate raphides are the primary toxic agents causing irritation and inflammation upon contact or ingestion. <br>\n\nDespite its toxicity, Heartleaf Philodendron remains a popular, attractive houseplant. Proper care and placement out of reach of children and pets can ensure a safe and beautiful addition to your indoor garden."}
Caucasian Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens) Buxaceae

113 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Caucasian Boxwood is a pretty cool plant that can handle all sorts of weather conditions and looks great in many different types of gardens and landscapes.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Caucasian Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens) is a pretty chill shrub - it's super easy to take care of and can grow pretty much anywhere. This plant is originally from the Caucasus Mountains, which is in Europe and Asia. It's really famous for hedges and topiary because of its small, shiny leaves and dense growth habit. If you ever see it, you can tell it's a Boxwood by its small, shiny leaves 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) long. The leaves are green and they grow opposite each other along the stalk. Plus, the plant also has some little flowers that bloom in the spring, but they're not really noticeable.</p> {"Light":"Prefers full sun to partial shade. While it tolerates deep shade, growth may slow and foliage become less dense. Ideally, it should receive at least 4 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal health and coloration.","Watering":"Requires regular watering during establishment, especially in dry conditions. Once established, it is moderately drought tolerant but performs best with consistent moisture. Avoid waterlogging, as it may lead to root diseases. Mulching helps conserve soil moisture.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, fertile soils with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH (6.5–7.5). It can adapt to a variety of soil types, including clay, loam, and sandy soils, but good drainage is essential to prevent root rot.","Temperature":"Caucasian Boxwood is hardy in USDA zones 5–9, tolerating temperatures down to around -20°C (-4°F). It thrives in temperate climates but can be sensitive to extreme heat and drought stress. Winter protection is generally not necessary except in the coldest zones.","Humidity":"Adapts well to a range of humidity levels but prefers moderate humidity. High humidity combined with poor air circulation can increase susceptibility to fungal diseases such as box blight.","Fertilization":"Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to support healthy growth. Supplemental feeding can be done mid-season if growth appears weak. Avoid excessive nitrogen, which can encourage overly lush foliage prone to pests.","Pruning":"Caucasian Boxwood responds well to pruning and shaping. Regular trimming maintains its dense form and supports topiary work. Pruning is best done in late spring or early summer after new growth has hardened off. Avoid heavy pruning in late fall or winter to reduce winter injury risk.","Propagation":"Propagation is commonly done by semi-hardwood cuttings taken in summer or by layering. Seeds can be used but are slow and less reliable. Cuttings root best in well-draining soil under humid conditions.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nCaucasian Boxwood contains several toxic alkaloids, notably buxine and other related compounds, which can be harmful if ingested. Ingesting any part of the plant can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and, in severe cases, difficulty breathing, convulsions, or cardiac issues. Skin contact with sap may cause mild irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Due to its toxicity, it should be kept away from children and pets, and ingestion should be treated as a medical emergency. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe plant is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal upset, including vomiting and diarrhea, lethargy, and potential neurological symptoms such as tremors or seizures if large amounts are consumed. Veterinary care is essential if pets ingest any part of this plant. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nAlkaloids such as buxine are responsible for the plant’s toxic properties. These compounds affect the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract when ingested. <br>\n\nDue to its toxicity, it is important to exercise caution when planting Buxus sempervirens in homes or gardens frequented by children or pets. Proper identification and education can help prevent accidental poisoning. <br>"}
Small-Leaf(Spiderwort Tradescantia fluminensis) Commelinaceae

114 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Small-leaf spiderwort, often referred to by its Latin name Tradescantia fluminensis, is an attractive, easy-to-grow plant that requires little maintenance. This plant's fast growth and easy propagation mean you'll be able to share it with your friends, family and neighbors.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The small-leaf spiderwort, or the ****iver spiderwort, inch plant, or wandering jew plant, is a plant from the Commelinacee family and is closely related to species like the dayflower. A perennial, it originates from the South American continent but enjoys worldwide popularity as a house plant.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The small-leaf spiderwort can be identified by its broad rounded leaves that come to a point and grow along its herbaceous stem. These plants can create an extensive ground cover and produce distinctive three-petaled white flowers; both characteristics are crucial in identifying the plant.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This species is considered invasive in many areas of the world, including New Zealand and parts of North America, Europe, and Africa.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but tolerates moderate shade. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, causing browning and damage, so filtered light is ideal. It can survive in lower light but growth will slow and foliage may lose some vibrancy.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water when the top 1–2 cm (about half an inch) of soil feels dry. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering causes leaf drop and browning. Humidity helps maintain healthy foliage.","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining, fertile potting mix rich in organic matter. A blend of peat, perlite, and standard potting soil works well. Good drainage is essential to prevent root problems.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures ranging from 15–27°C (59–80°F). It is not frost-tolerant and should be protected from temperatures below 10°C (50°F). In colder climates, it is best grown as a houseplant or brought indoors during winter.","Humidity":"Thrives in moderate to high humidity (50–70%). It benefits from occasional misting or a humidity tray, especially in dry indoor environments. Low humidity can cause leaf edges to brown.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring through early fall) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Fertilization is generally unnecessary during the winter dormancy period.","Pruning":"Prune regularly to control growth and maintain a compact, bushy shape. Pinching back the stems encourages branching and fuller foliage. Remove any damaged or yellowing leaves to keep the plant healthy.","Propagation":"Propagation is easy via stem cuttings. Simply cut a healthy stem segment about 10–15 cm long, remove the lower leaves, and root it in water or moist soil. Rooting occurs quickly, often within 1–2 weeks.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nTradescantia fluminensis is generally considered non-toxic to humans. However, some individuals may experience mild skin irritation or allergic dermatitis after prolonged contact with the sap, which can cause redness or itching. It is advisable to wash hands after handling and avoid ingesting any plant parts. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. Nonetheless, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea due to the fibrous nature of the plant material or minor irritation. It is best to keep the plant out of reach of pets to avoid any potential discomfort. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNo significant toxic compounds are reported in Tradescantia fluminensis. The plant is considered safe with low risk of poisoning, but care should be taken to avoid skin irritation for sensitive individuals."}
Never Never plant(Ctenanthe setosa) Marantaceae

115 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Ctenanthe is a genus of flowering plants of the family Marantaceae described as a genus in</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">1884. They are evergreen perennials, native to Central and South America. They are grown for their attractive, often variegated foliage.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Ctenanthe setosa is a clump-forming, evergreen perennial plant growing about 1-2 m tall. It has striped dark green and silver/ grey leaves are purple on their undersides, elliptic with entire margins, up to 45cm long and 10cm across. Its leaf petioles are hairy. Its white flowers are borne on short spikes.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate moderate shade. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves and cause fading of the variegation. In low light, growth may slow and leaf colors may become less vibrant.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top 2 cm (about 1 inch) of soil feels dry to the touch. Avoid letting the plant sit in standing water to prevent root rot. The Never Never Plant prefers slightly higher humidity, so regular misting or a humidity tray is beneficial.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, rich, organic potting mix. A blend of peat, pine bark, and perlite works well, ensuring good aeration and moisture retention without waterlogging.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is sensitive to cold drafts and temperatures below 13°C (55°F), which can cause leaf damage or drop. Keep it away from sudden temperature fluctuations.","Humidity":"Prefers high humidity levels around 60–80%. It benefits from frequent misting, a humidifier, or grouping with other plants to increase ambient moisture. Low humidity may cause leaf edges to brown or curl.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce feeding frequency during fall and winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Prune to remove any yellowing or damaged leaves and to maintain a tidy shape. Pinching back stems can encourage bushier growth. Pruning is best done in spring or early summer.","Propagation":"Propagation is most commonly done by division during repotting or by stem cuttings. Dividing the root ball ensures a healthy start for new plants. Stem cuttings root readily in moist soil or water under warm, humid conditions.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nCtenanthe setosa is considered non-toxic to humans. There are no reports of poisoning or adverse effects from accidental ingestion or skin contact. However, as with many plants, it is best not to ingest any part of the plant, especially by children, to avoid potential mild digestive discomfort. Skin contact rarely causes mild irritation in very sensitive individuals. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe Never Never Plant is generally regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. While ingestion is unlikely to cause serious health issues, eating large amounts of the foliage could result in mild stomach upset such as vomiting or diarrhea due to the fibrous nature of the leaves. It is advisable to keep the plant out of reach of pets to avoid accidental chewing or nibbling. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNo significant toxic compounds have been identified in Ctenanthe setosa, making it a safe choice for households with children and pets, provided the usual precautions are observed."}
Sansevieria Cylindrica (Sansevieria cylindrica) Asparagaceae

116 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Sansevieria Cylindrica (Dracaena angolensis) is a perennial plant from the Asparagacede family. This exotic, tough greenie is cultivated worldwide as an indoor culture.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Sansevieria Cylindrica is an evergreen herbaceous plant. It does not lose its leaves and adapts to dry conditions well. The plant has a shallow root system and no stem. The height of the leaves is 47-80 inches (120-200cm). When this succulent blooms, a tall single peduncle appears. The flowers are small, white, or light pink, with a strong smell.</p> {"Light":"Thrives best in bright, indirect light, but it can tolerate low light conditions. It should be protected from intense direct sunlight, which can scorch its leaves or cause yellowing. Under low light, growth slows but the plant remains healthy.","Watering":"As a succulent, it requires infrequent watering. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering is the most common cause of problems, potentially leading to root rot. Water approximately every 2–3 weeks, reducing frequency in cooler months. Always ensure the pot has good drainage.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining cactus or succulent potting mix. A blend of sand, perlite, and regular potting soil is ideal to prevent moisture retention that can cause root rot.","Temperature":"Prefers temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is not frost-hardy and should be kept away from temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Sudden cold drafts can cause leaf damage.","Humidity":"Prefers low to moderate humidity but adapts well to typical indoor humidity levels. It does not require additional humidity and can thrive in dry air environments.","Fertilization":"Feed sparingly during the growing season (spring and summer) with a diluted, balanced succulent fertilizer once a month. Avoid fertilizing during fall and winter dormancy.","Pruning":"Pruning is rarely necessary. Remove any damaged, yellow, or dead leaves at the base to keep the plant tidy. If the plant becomes too tall or leggy, it can be propagated from leaf cuttings.","Propagation":"Propagation is commonly done through leaf cuttings or by dividing rhizomes during repotting. Leaf cuttings should be allowed to callous before planting in well-draining soil. Rhizome division ensures quicker establishment of new plants.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nSansevieria cylindrica is considered mildly toxic to humans if ingested. The plant contains saponins, naturally occurring chemical compounds that can cause irritation to the mouth and gastrointestinal tract, resulting in symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Skin contact with the sap may cause mild irritation or rash in sensitive individuals, so it is advisable to wash hands after handling. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is toxic to cats and dogs due to its saponin content. Ingesting any part of the plant can lead to symptoms such as drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy. Although not usually life-threatening, ingestion can cause significant discomfort, and veterinary attention may be required if large amounts are eaten. It is recommended to keep Sansevieria cylindrica out of reach of pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe primary toxic compounds in Sansevieria cylindrica are saponins, which serve as a natural defense mechanism. These compounds are responsible for the plant’s mild toxicity and irritant effects on the digestive system and skin."}
Purple Spiderwort (Tradescantia pollida) Commelinaceae

117 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Tradescantia pallida "Purpurea" also known as Purple Queen, Purple Heart, Setcresea Purpurea, Purple Spiderwort, or Wandering Jew "Purpurea" is a popular evergreen perennial.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">It belongs to the spiderwort family which includes 40 genera and 652 species and it is widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions.The genus Tradescantia is native to the New World tropics and includes 70 species. The species Tradescantia pallida was collected first in 1907 in Tamaulipas, Mexico by E. Palmer, a leading botanist of his time. Because of their spectacular aspect, these plants were brought on the European continent as ornamental plants and are now grown as such in many parts of the world. Tradescantia pallida " Purpurea" is a tender and attractive plant of outstanding colours. It is widely commercialized as a house plant and for outdoor gardens. It is a long-jointed sprawling ground-cover plant. Its stems and branches recline on the ground and its ascending extremities can grow up to 8 inches (20cm) tall.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light to full sun. The more light it receives, the richer and more vibrant the purple coloration becomes. In lower light, the foliage may fade to a greener shade and become leggy. If kept indoors, place near a bright window but shield from scorching midday sun.","Watering":"Water when the top inch of soil is dry. Keep the soil lightly moist but never soggy. It is more tolerant of short droughts than overwatering. In winter, reduce watering frequency. Overwatering can lead to root rot and stem collapse.","Soil":"Grows best in a well-draining, fertile potting mix. A general-purpose houseplant mix amended with perlite or coarse sand ensures good aeration and drainage. It adapts well to many soil types as long as excess water can escape.","Temperature":"Prefers temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is not frost-tolerant and should be protected from temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Outdoors, it can grow year-round in USDA zones 9–11, while in cooler regions it is best grown as a houseplant or annual.","Humidity":"Tolerant of average household humidity but thrives in moderate humidity (around 40–60%). If the air is especially dry, occasional misting or placing the pot on a humidity tray may help maintain leaf color and prevent crispy edges.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during spring and summer with a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce or stop fertilizing in fall and winter when growth naturally slows. Overfeeding can cause leaf burn or overly lush, weak growth.","Pruning":"Regular pruning helps maintain a compact shape and prevents legginess. Trim back long stems to encourage bushier growth. Pinch off faded flowers and damaged leaves to keep the plant looking tidy. Pruned cuttings can be used for propagation.","Propagation":"Easily propagated from stem cuttings. Simply cut a healthy segment of stem, remove the lower leaves, and place it in water or moist soil. Roots typically form within 1–2 weeks. Once rooted, transplant into fresh potting soil. This plant roots so easily that even fallen stems can often grow into new plants.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nTradescantia pallida is generally considered non-toxic to humans, but the sap may cause mild skin irritation or contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. It is advisable to wear gloves when pruning or propagating and to wash hands afterward. Ingestion is not common, but it could cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort if consumed in large quantities, especially in children.<br> \n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is mildly toxic to cats and dogs. While not severely poisonous, ingestion may lead to oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, or mild gastrointestinal upset. In some cases, contact with the sap can cause skin irritation or dermatitis, especially in cats that brush against the plant or lay in it. Pet owners should keep it out of reach or monitor pets closely if grown indoors.\n\n<br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nContains calcium oxalate crystals and irritant sap, which can cause skin and mucous membrane irritation in both humans and animals. The effects are usually mild and temporary but should be addressed by rinsing the affected area and seeking veterinary advice if a pet has ingested a significant amount."}
Garden Geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum) Geraniaceae

118 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Garden Geranium's unique features, such as bright and fragrant flowers and interesting leaf shapes, create a charming look and complement any garden, room, or balcony!</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Garden Geranium is a hybrid plant in the Geraniacede family. Thanks to its unpretentious care requirements, the plant can be found in many countries. Zonal Geranium has upright branched stems with bright green leaves. Its shape can be palmate or deeply lobed, with slightly pronounced veins on the surface.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The flowers are the hallmark of Garden Geranium, as they can have different shades of red, white, pink, or orange. They grow in inflorescences in the upper part of the stem and, therefore, are very visible-even at the ripening stage.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in full sun for best flowering. It can tolerate partial shade, especially in very hot climates, but too much shade will result in fewer blooms and leggy growth. Indoors, place in the brightest spot available—preferably a south or west-facing window.","Watering":"Allow the top 1–2 inches of soil to dry between waterings. Water thoroughly and allow excess to drain—never let the plant sit in standing water. Overwatering is a common problem and may lead to root rot or fungal disease. During winter, reduce watering significantly if the plant is semi-dormant.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, nutrient-rich potting mix. A general-purpose container mix with added perlite or coarse sand improves aeration. For garden beds, amend soil with compost to enhance drainage and fertility.","Temperature":"Prefers temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is not frost-tolerant and should be brought indoors or treated as an annual in cooler climates. Avoid exposure to temperatures below 7°C (45°F). In mild climates, it can be grown year-round outdoors.","Humidity":"Adaptable to average household humidity. It prefers moderate to low humidity levels and good air circulation. Excessively humid environments, especially without adequate airflow, can increase the risk of fungal diseases like botrytis or leaf spot.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2 to 4 weeks during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 or 20-20-20). Too much nitrogen can cause lush leaf growth at the expense of flowers, so avoid overfertilizing. Suspend feeding in winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Regular deadheading (removal of spent flowers) encourages continuous blooming. Pinch back leggy stems to promote bushier growth. Prune hard in late winter or early spring to rejuvenate the plant and improve form, especially in overwintered specimens.","Propagation":"Best propagated by stem cuttings. Cut a healthy, non-flowering stem about 10–15 cm (4–6 inches) long, remove lower leaves, and allow it to dry for a few hours before planting in moist soil or perlite. Rooting usually occurs within 2–3 weeks. Seeds can also be used but are less common for home propagation.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nPelargonium × hortorum is generally considered non-toxic to humans, though ingestion of large quantities may cause mild stomach upset, nausea, or vomiting in sensitive individuals. The plant’s sap may also cause mild skin irritation or allergic contact dermatitis in those with sensitivities. It’s advisable to wear gloves when pruning or handling cuttings for prolonged periods. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is toxic to cats and dogs, according to the ASPCA. If ingested, it can cause vomiting, lethargy, loss of appetite, and skin irritation. The toxic principles include geraniol and linalool, which are aromatic compounds found in the essential oils of the plant. In most cases, the symptoms are mild but still warrant veterinary attention if consumption is suspected. Keep the plant out of reach of curious pets, especially those that like to nibble on foliage. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tGeraniol <br>\n\t•\tLinalool <br>\n\nThese compounds can be irritating to both the gastrointestinal tract and skin. While not highly poisonous, they can cause discomfort and should be avoided through proper placement and pet supervision."}
Garden petunia (Petunia x atkinsiana) Solanaceae

119 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Petunia × atkinsiana (Petunia × hybrida) is a Petunia plant "nothospecies" (hybrid) which encompasses all hybrid species of petunia between P. axillaris and P. integrifolia. Most of the petunias sold for cultivation in home gardens are this type.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Petunias are one of the most popular garden flowers for both borders and containers. They are prolific bloomers, although some forms require deadheading to keep them going.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">However, most petunia varieties will bloom throughout the summer, except in extreme heat.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">You can find petunias in just about every color but true blue and with growing habits that mound in borders or trail down containers. Petunias have wide trumpet-shaped flowers and branching foliage that is hairy and somewhat sticky. Within the petunia family, there is great variety: single and double blooms, ruffled or smooth petals, striped, veined or solid colors, mounding and cascading habits and even some with fragrance. Most of the petunias sold today are hybrids, developed for specific design purposes. They grow easily when you transplant them to the garden, and this should be done in the spring when the threat of frost has passed.</p> {"Light":"Garden Petunias prefer full sun, which means at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight per day. Adequate light is crucial for continuous blooming and compact growth. In areas with very intense heat, they may benefit from some light afternoon shade, especially for the grandiflora varieties which are more sensitive.","Watering":"Water regularly but allow the top inch of soil to dry between waterings. Petunias prefer evenly moist but well-drained soil. Overwatering or soggy soil can lead to root rot or fungal diseases. Container-grown petunias may need daily watering during hot weather. Water at the base to avoid wetting the foliage, which helps prevent disease.","Soil":"Thrives in well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0) is ideal. In containers, use a high-quality potting mix with added perlite or coarse sand for drainage. Avoid heavy clay soils unless amended with compost and aerators.","Temperature":"Ideal growing temperatures range between 18–27°C (65–80°F). While petunias are typically grown as annuals, they are actually tender perennials in USDA zones 10–11. They are not frost-tolerant and should be planted outdoors only after the danger of frost has passed. Prolonged exposure to temperatures below 7°C (45°F) can damage or kill the plant.","Humidity":"Petunias are adaptable to a wide range of humidity levels but prefer moderate humidity with good air circulation. High humidity combined with poor airflow can lead to fungal diseases like powdery mildew or botrytis.","Fertilization":"Feed regularly with a balanced liquid fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 or 20-20-20) every 1–2 weeks during the growing season. Heavy feeders like petunias benefit from consistent nutrition to maintain vigorous flowering. Slow-release fertilizers can also be used in garden beds.","Pruning":"Deadheading (removing spent flowers) encourages continued blooming and prevents seed formation. Regular trimming, especially for trailing varieties, promotes fuller, bushier plants and rejuvenates blooming. For leggy growth, cut stems back by about one-third to stimulate branching.","Propagation":"Most garden petunias are propagated by seeds, especially hybrids, although some varieties (particularly vegetative cultivars) can be propagated via stem cuttings. Seeds can be started indoors 8–10 weeks before the last frost date. Cuttings can root in moist soil or water within a few weeks if taken from healthy, non-flowering shoots.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nPetunia × atkinsiana is considered non-toxic to humans. There are no known toxic effects from touching or ingesting petunias, making them safe for homes with children. However, ingestion of large quantities may result in minor stomach upset simply due to indigestible plant material. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nGarden petunias are non-toxic to cats and dogs, according to the ASPCA. They are safe for gardens and indoor use around pets. Ingesting petals or leaves may cause very mild gastrointestinal upset (such as vomiting) in some animals due to fiber or foreign matter, but these symptoms are generally minor and self-resolving. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of concern. Garden petunias do not contain alkaloids, saponins, or oxalates typically found in toxic ornamental plants, making them a pet- and child-friendly choice for landscaping and container gardening."}
Rosemary( Salvia rosmarinus) Lamiaceae

120 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">RWe are sure you are already familiar with rosemary. This herb is everywhere in oils, seasonings, etc. And you can grow this lovely plant by yourself!</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This fragrant plant has a fascinating look with needle-like leaves and blue flowers. That's why sometimes it is used for decorative purposes. Mostly it is linked to Mediterranean cuisine, where it is widely used. And it's popular not only because of its taste or smell but also for being beneficial for health since rosemary improves blood circulation, cognitive abilities, etc.</p> {"Light":"Rosemary thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Insufficient light may lead to spindly growth and reduced aroma and flavor of the foliage. Indoors, place it in the sunniest window available—ideally a south-facing one. Supplemental grow lights can be used in low-light conditions.","Watering":"Allow the soil to dry out between waterings. Rosemary is drought-tolerant and susceptible to root rot if overwatered. In containers, water when the top 1–2 inches of soil feel dry. Outdoor plants may need watering only during extended dry periods. Good drainage is essential to prevent fungal diseases.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Sandy or rocky soils are ideal. For containers, use a cactus or Mediterranean herb mix or a light potting mix with added sand or perlite to improve drainage. Avoid heavy, clayey soils unless thoroughly amended.","Temperature":"Ideal growing temperatures are 15–27°C (60–80°F). Rosemary prefers warm conditions and does not tolerate extreme cold. It is hardy in USDA zones 8–10 and can survive mild winters outdoors in these regions. In colder climates, it should be brought indoors before the first frost. Prolonged exposure to temperatures below -1°C (30°F) can damage or kill the plant, especially if the soil remains wet.","Humidity":"Rosemary prefers low to moderate humidity. High humidity, especially combined with poor air circulation, can promote powdery mildew and fungal issues. Indoors, ensure good airflow around the plant, and avoid misting it directly.","Fertilization":"Rosemary is a light feeder. Fertilize once a month during the growing season (spring through summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer or a slow-release granular fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilizing, as it can lead to excessive soft growth and diminished flavor and aroma. In winter, do not fertilize.","Pruning":"Regular pruning encourages bushy growth and prevents woodiness. Prune in spring or after flowering by cutting back up to one-third of the plant’s height. Harvest sprigs as needed throughout the growing season, but avoid removing more than one-third of the foliage at a time. Remove any dead or damaged branches. Mature plants can be shaped into hedges or topiaries.","Propagation":"Rosemary can be propagated from semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late spring to early summer. Cut a 4–6 inch healthy stem, strip the lower leaves, and root in water or moist potting mix. Rooting hormone may speed up the process. It can also be grown from seed, although germination is slow and less reliable.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nSalvia rosmarinus is non-toxic to humans and is widely used as a culinary herb. It is safe to touch, grow, and consume in appropriate culinary amounts. However, concentrated rosemary essential oil should not be ingested directly or applied to skin without dilution, as it can cause irritation, allergic reactions, or toxicity in high doses. Pregnant individuals should consult a healthcare provider before consuming medicinal amounts due to its potential effects on uterine stimulation. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nRosemary is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs by the ASPCA. It is safe if pets nibble on a few leaves, although eating large amounts may result in mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea due to fiber content or essential oils. Some pets may be more sensitive than others, so always supervise if rosemary is planted in areas accessible to animals. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tRosmarinic acid <br>\n\t•\tCineole (Eucalyptol) <br>\n\t•\tCamphor <br>\n\nThese compounds contribute to rosemary’s aroma and medicinal properties but can cause mild digestive irritation if consumed in large quantities. They are not dangerous in the small amounts typically present in garden plants or culinary use."}
Rattlesnake Plant (Calathea lancifolia) Marantaceae

121 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Also known as Calathea lancifolia and by the more commonly known name, the Rattlesnake Plant. Popular for people wanting to achieve a tropical theme (with this species used as foliage).</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">A plant native to Brazil where it thrives in warm and moist areas of the Brazilian Rainforest and blooms in the late spring and early summer months. A Rattlesnake plant is a fairly tall, with leaves that can grow 30 inches tall or more. The leaves don't just make this plant tall though, it also contributes to its beauty. They are beautifully marked with various shades of green, wavy edges that magnify those shades, and green spots that resemble small leaves.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Even their undersides do not lack in magnificence, being a reddish-purple shade.</p> {"Light":"The Rattlesnake Plant prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch its delicate leaves, causing browning or faded colors. It tolerates lower light levels better than many houseplants, making it well-suited to north- or east-facing windows or areas with filtered sunlight. Avoid placing it in strong afternoon sun.","Watering":"Water regularly to maintain consistently moist but not soggy soil. Let the top inch of soil dry slightly between waterings, and always use room-temperature, preferably filtered or distilled water, as the plant is sensitive to fluoride and chlorine. Overwatering can cause root rot, while underwatering can lead to crispy leaf edges. Use pots with drainage holes and avoid letting the plant sit in standing water.","Soil":"Prefers a well-aerated, rich, and slightly acidic potting mix. A good blend includes peat moss or coco coir, perlite, and a small amount of compost or orchid bark to ensure proper drainage and airflow. Avoid compacted or overly heavy soils.","Temperature":"Optimal temperatures for growth range between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is sensitive to cold drafts, sudden temperature changes, and temperatures below 15°C (59°F). Cold air can cause leaf curling or browning. Keep the plant in a consistently warm, stable indoor environment away from heaters or air conditioners.","Humidity":"Calathea lancifolia requires high humidity, ideally around 60–80%, to maintain its vibrant leaf patterns and prevent browning leaf tips. Use a room humidifier, pebble tray, or frequent misting to elevate humidity levels—especially in dry environments or during winter when indoor air tends to be dry.","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced, water-soluble houseplant fertilizer (diluted to half-strength) every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring through early autumn). Do not fertilize in winter, as the plant’s growth slows down. Over-fertilization may result in leaf burn or salt buildup in the soil.","Pruning":"Pruning is mostly cosmetic. Trim off yellowing, browning, or damaged leaves at the base using clean scissors or pruners. Regular removal of dying foliage helps maintain the plant’s appearance and encourages new growth.","Propagation":"Propagation is typically done through division during repotting in the spring or early summer. Carefully separate rooted sections of the plant, each with several leaves and healthy roots, and pot them individually. Avoid propagation through cuttings, as Calatheas do not root easily this way.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nThe Rattlesnake Plant (Calathea lancifolia) is non-toxic to humans. It is considered safe to grow in homes and workspaces and does not contain any harmful compounds if accidentally touched or ingested in small quantities. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nCalathea lancifolia is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it an excellent pet-friendly houseplant. Ingestion may still cause very mild digestive upset, such as slight vomiting or diarrhea, if consumed in large quantities due to fiber content, but it is not harmful or dangerous. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of concern. This plant does not contain oxalates, alkaloids, saponins, or other common toxic plant substances. Its safety and ease of care make it especially popular among pet owners and families."}
False Shamrock (Oxalis triangulari) Oxalidaceae

122 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Oxalis triangularis, or False Shamrock, belongs to the genus of herbaceous annuals and perennials of the family Oxalis. There are over 800 species on the planet, with the majority of them found in South Africa, South America, and Mexico, as well as in Europe.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">False Shamrock leaves are trifoliate or finger-shaped, attached to the stem by a petiole.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">They have a complicated limb that shuts in the evening and opens in the morning. Too much light and mechanical stimulation cause the leaves to respond.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Depending on the species, Oxalis triangularis leaves can be green, purple, or burgundy in color. Its blooms are tiny and regular, with white, pink, purple, or yellow petal colors. Flowers close at night or before the rain, much like the plant's leaves.</p> {"Light":"Oxalis triangularis prefers bright, indirect light. It can tolerate some direct morning sun but should be shielded from harsh afternoon rays, which can scorch its delicate leaves. Insufficient light may cause leaf fading or elongated, leggy growth. Indoors, an east- or north-facing window is ideal.","Watering":"Water when the top inch of soil feels dry. Keep the soil evenly moist but never soggy. Overwatering can lead to bulb rot, while underwatering may cause the leaves to wilt or collapse. During dormancy, reduce watering significantly until regrowth begins. Always use a pot with drainage holes to prevent excess moisture retention.","Soil":"Thrives in well-draining, loose, and slightly acidic to neutral soil. A mix of potting soil, sand, and peat or coco coir works well. Avoid compacted or overly rich soils that retain too much moisture.","Temperature":"Best grown in temperatures between 15–25°C (59–77°F). It is sensitive to frost and should not be exposed to temperatures below 10°C (50°F). During dormancy (often in summer or winter), the plant may drop all its leaves, but this is normal and not a sign of disease. Simply reduce watering and allow it to rest until new growth appears.","Humidity":"Oxalis triangularis does well in average indoor humidity levels. It does not require high humidity but may benefit from occasional misting or grouping with other plants in very dry indoor environments. Avoid placing it near heating vents or cold drafts.","Fertilization":"Fertilize every 4–6 weeks during the active growing season (spring through early autumn) with a diluted balanced houseplant fertilizer (at half strength). Do not fertilize during dormancy. Excess nutrients can result in leaf tip burn or inhibit flowering.","Pruning":"Regularly remove faded flowers and yellowing or damaged leaves to maintain appearance and prevent fungal issues. If the plant becomes leggy or untidy, it can be cut back lightly to encourage fuller growth. After dormancy, trim away any old or withered foliage to make way for new leaves.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by dividing the bulbs or corms. During repotting, gently separate the small bulb clusters and replant them in fresh, well-draining soil. Each bulb will develop its own set of leaves. Propagation is best done in early spring or after a dormancy period.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nOxalis triangularis contains oxalic acid, which is mildly toxic if consumed in large quantities. While small amounts of the leaves are sometimes used in salads in certain cultures, excessive ingestion may lead to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or kidney irritation, especially in individuals with kidney disorders. Children should be discouraged from chewing on the leaves. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is toxic to cats and dogs if ingested in significant quantities. Oxalic acid can cause drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, or in severe cases, tremors and kidney distress. However, mild ingestion usually only results in gastrointestinal upset. If a pet eats a large amount or shows severe symptoms, seek veterinary attention promptly.\n\n<br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tOxalic acid: Can bind with calcium in the body and cause digestive and renal issues in large amounts. <br>\n\t•\tSoluble oxalates: These contribute to the toxicity, particularly in pets and sensitive individuals. <br>\n\nWhile beautiful and eye-catching, False Shamrock should be kept out of reach of pets and small children to avoid accidental ingestion."}
Queen of Thorns (Euphorbia mili) Euphorbiaceae

123 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Queen of Thorns is a species of flowering plant from the Euphorbiacede family. This plant is native to the desert regions of Mexico and Madagascar. In Europe, it was first introduced in France in 1821, quickly gaining popularity as a beautiful houseplant.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">In the wild, Queen of Thorns can reach a height of 6.5 feet (2 m), and indoors, it will grow up to 3 feet (1 m) tall. The sprouts are covered with thorns, hence the name. The flowers are small and greenish, with bright red bracts surrounding them. After the flowering period, which sometimes lasts all year, you can see the fruit in the form of a seed container with 3 grains.</p> {"Light":"This plant loves bright, direct sunlight. It thrives with at least 4–6 hours of full sun daily, especially when grown indoors. Insufficient light will result in sparse flowering and leggy growth. A sunny south- or west-facing window is ideal for indoor cultivation. Outdoors, choose a well-lit, protected location.","Watering":"Water moderately during the growing season (spring through fall), allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. In winter, reduce watering significantly, as the plant enters a semi-dormant state. Overwatering is one of the most common problems and can cause root rot. The plant’s succulent nature allows it to store water in its stems, making it drought-tolerant once established.","Soil":"Requires well-draining soil, preferably a cactus or succulent mix. You can also create your own blend using regular potting soil with added perlite, sand, or small gravel to increase drainage. Avoid dense or moisture-retentive soils.","Temperature":"Ideal temperature range is 16–29°C (60–85°F). The plant does not tolerate frost and should be protected from temperatures below 10°C (50°F). If grown outdoors in cooler climates, it should be brought indoors or protected during the winter months.","Humidity":"The Queen of Thorns tolerates low humidity and does not require extra moisture in the air. It is well-suited to average indoor conditions and thrives in dry environments. Avoid misting the plant, as excess humidity around the stem and spines can encourage fungal issues.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season with a diluted balanced liquid fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to salt buildup in the soil. Do not fertilize in the winter months unless the plant continues active growth.","Pruning":"Prune to maintain shape, control size, and remove dead or damaged stems. Always wear gloves when pruning, as the sap is irritating. Pinch or trim back stems after blooming to encourage bushier growth. The plant can tolerate heavy pruning if necessary.","Propagation":"Propagation is typically done via stem cuttings, taken in spring or early summer. Allow cuttings to dry and callous for 1–2 days before planting in a cactus potting mix. Be cautious of the milky sap, which can irritate skin and eyes—always use gloves. Rooting usually takes several weeks in warm, bright conditions.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nEuphorbia milii is toxic to humans if ingested. The plant exudes a milky white latex sap, which can cause skin irritation, rashes, and eye injury upon contact. If ingested, it can lead to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and oral irritation. Contact with mucous membranes should be avoided. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling, especially if pruning or propagating. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is toxic to pets, including cats and dogs. Ingestion may result in drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, or oral and gastrointestinal irritation. The spines can also cause mechanical injury to the mouth or paws if chewed or stepped on. Immediate veterinary attention is advised if a pet is suspected to have ingested any part of the plant.\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tDiterpene esters: Found in the latex sap and responsible for the plant’s irritating and toxic effects. <br>\n\t•\tEuphorbol and related compounds: Can cause severe skin reactions and inflammation. <br>\n\nDue to its sap and spines, Euphorbia milii should be kept out of reach of children and pets, and handled with care, especially when pruning or propagating."}
Garden Geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) Geraniaceae

124 <blockquote><blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Pelargonium × hortorum, commonly known as the Garden Geranium or Zonal Geranium, is a widely cultivated hybrid species beloved for its bright, showy flowers and rounded, often zoned leaves (which is where the “zonal” name originates). This hybrid is a cross between Pelargonium zonale and Pelargonium inquinans, and it has become a garden favorite around the world due to its vibrant color palette, long blooming period, and ease of care.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">The plant forms a bushy, upright mound, usually growing between 30–60 cm (12–24 inches) in height. Its flower clusters come in a range of colors including red, pink, white, salmon, lavender, and bi-colored varieties, and they are held above the foliage on strong stems. While technically a tender perennial, Garden Geraniums are most often grown as annuals in temperate climates or overwintered indoors to protect them from frost.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">This species is extremely popular in borders, containers, hanging baskets, and window boxes, thriving with good light and regular deadheading. With proper care, these geraniums can flower nearly continuously from spring until frost.</span></blockquote> <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p> <p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p></blockquote> {"Light":"Garden Geraniums thrive in full sun for at least 6–8 hours a day. In regions with intense afternoon sun, partial shade can help prevent leaf scorch. Indoors, they need a very bright south- or west-facing window to perform well. Lack of sunlight will result in weak stems, reduced flowering, and sparse growth.","Watering":"Allow the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil to dry out between waterings. Water deeply when needed but avoid soggy soil, which can lead to root rot. Garden Geraniums are somewhat drought-tolerant once established but may need more frequent watering in containers or during hot, dry spells. In winter or dormancy, reduce watering significantly.","Soil":"Prefers light, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. A standard potting mix with added perlite or coarse sand works well for container-grown plants. Avoid compacted or clay-heavy soils, especially in pots.","Temperature":"Ideal growing temperatures are 18–27°C (65–80°F) during the day and 13–18°C (55–65°F) at night. These plants are not frost-tolerant, so they must be brought indoors or treated as annuals in colder climates.","Humidity":"Garden Geraniums prefer moderate humidity but are adaptable to a wide range of conditions. They do not like high humidity environments, which can promote fungal diseases such as botrytis or powdery mildew. Ensure good air circulation, especially when grown indoors.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during the growing season using a balanced liquid fertilizer (such as 10-10-10 or 20-20-20). Reduce or stop fertilizing during winter or dormancy. Overfertilization can lead to lush foliage with fewer blooms.","Pruning":"Pinch or deadhead spent flower heads regularly to encourage more blooms and a bushier shape. Trim back leggy stems as needed, especially at the start of the growing season. Hard pruning can be done in late winter or early spring to rejuvenate the plant.","Propagation":"Garden Geraniums are most commonly propagated by stem cuttings, taken in late summer or early spring. Allow cuttings to callous slightly before placing in moist soil or water. They can also be grown from seed, although hybrids may not breed true.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nPelargonium × hortorum is considered mildly toxic to humans. While not usually dangerous, ingestion of plant parts may cause nausea, vomiting, or minor gastrointestinal discomfort. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or contact dermatitis from handling the leaves due to the presence of essential oils and alkaloids. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nGarden Geraniums are toxic to cats and dogs. If ingested, they can cause vomiting, loss of appetite, depression, and dermatitis in pets. Reactions may vary in severity depending on the amount consumed. Contact with the sap can also cause skin irritation or drooling in pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tGeraniol <br>\n\t•\tLinalool <br>\nThese are essential oils that can be irritating to both the gastrointestinal system and the skin in pets and sensitive individuals. <br>\n\nTo avoid any issues, keep Garden Geraniums out of reach of pets and children, and use gloves if you are sensitive to plant oils. Despite its mild toxicity, it remains a very popular and beloved ornamental in gardens and homes worldwide."}
Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Araceae

125 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Discover Taro (Colocasia esculenta), a visually striking and resilient plant that can bring tropical vibes to any space. Whether indoor or outdoor, Taro is an easygoing companion that requires minimal care.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This plant, called Taro, is quite bold and has heart-shaped leaves. It's hard to miss! The leaves are really large, like 8 to 24 inches (20-60 cm) long. The root of Taro is really important because it stores energy and helps it grow. People also call it Cocoyam, and it's really cool because it's a big, starchy root that anchors the plant. You can even eat it! It tastes like nuts and adds flavor to lots of different dishes.</p> {"Light":"Taro grows best in bright, indirect light to partial shade. It can tolerate full sun in humid climates if provided with adequate water, but in hotter, drier regions, some afternoon shade is beneficial to prevent leaf scorch. Indoor taro plants should be placed near an east- or north-facing window.","Watering":"Taro requires consistently moist to wet soil, especially during active growth. It thrives in boggy or marsh-like conditions, and even tolerates shallow standing water. When grown in containers, water frequently and do not allow the soil to dry out completely. However, ensure good aeration in potted settings to avoid rot.","Soil":"Prefers rich, loamy, slightly acidic to neutral soil with high organic content. Soil should retain moisture but not become compacted. In containers, use a peat-heavy mix or a loamy substrate enriched with compost.","Temperature":"Ideal growing temperatures range between 20–30°C (68–86°F). Taro is very sensitive to frost and cold; temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can damage or kill the plant. In temperate zones, it is grown as an annual or overwintered indoors.","Humidity":"Taro thrives in high humidity (above 60%) and benefits from frequent misting, especially indoors or in dry climates. Low humidity can cause leaf edges to brown or crisp.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–3 weeks during the growing season with a balanced liquid fertilizer (e.g., 20-20-20), or apply a slow-release fertilizer early in the season. Taro is a heavy feeder, especially when cultivated for its edible corms. Supplement with potassium-rich fertilizers to support tuber development.","Pruning":"Taro typically does not require pruning, but remove any yellowing or damaged leaves to keep the plant healthy and tidy. If grown as an ornamental, pruning flower stalks may encourage better foliage growth.","Propagation":"Propagated through division of corms or offsets. During dormancy or before replanting in spring, divide healthy corms and replant each in moist soil. Seeds can be used but are rarely cultivated this way.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nTaro contains calcium oxalate crystals, which are toxic when raw and can cause intense irritation of the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract if ingested. The raw corm and leaves are not safe to eat and must be thoroughly cooked (typically boiled or baked) to neutralize these toxins. Improper preparation can lead to burning sensations, swelling, nausea, and vomiting. Cooking or soaking in water with lime (alkali) significantly reduces oxalate content. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nTaro is toxic to cats and dogs. If ingested raw, symptoms may include oral irritation, excessive drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. The calcium oxalate crystals cause mechanical injury to mucous membranes and can lead to swelling of the tongue and throat. In severe cases, it may affect breathing and require veterinary attention. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tCalcium oxalate (raphides)\nThese needle-like crystals cause sharp physical damage to soft tissues, and they are present in both the leaves and corms. <br>\n\nWhile Taro is a nutritious and culturally significant crop when properly prepared, it should always be kept away from pets and children when raw, and never consumed uncooked."}
Lesser Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea glabra) Nyctaginaceae

126 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Lesser Bougainvillea is a botanical spectacle that adds a kaleidoscope of colors to any outdoor space. Its effervescent bracts are a symbol of tropical splendor, transforming gardens into living canvases of beauty.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Lesser Bougainvillea, or Bougainvillea glabra, has got a lot of personality with its papery bracts that come in different shades, from fiery reds to vivid purples. The flowers aren't really noticeable, but the bracts make up for it with a spectacular visual display. It's a pretty compact and bushy plant that looks really elegant, growing up to 3 to 6 feet (90-180 cm) in height and width. You'll see it blooming on and off throughout the year, so your garden will always have some color.</p> {"Light":"This plant requires full sun to bloom profusely. It thrives best in at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. Insufficient light will lead to sparse flowering and leggy growth.","Watering":"Water moderately during the growing season, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot and reduced flowering. During winter or dormant periods, reduce watering significantly. The Lesser Bougainvillea is drought-tolerant once established but performs best with consistent moisture without waterlogging.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5 to 7.0). Sandy or loamy soils are ideal. Heavy clay or water-retentive soils should be amended with organic matter or grit to improve drainage. Good drainage is essential to prevent root diseases.","Temperature":"Ideal growing temperatures range from 18 to 30°C (65 to 86°F). Lesser Bougainvillea is frost-sensitive and should be protected or grown indoors in regions where temperatures drop below 5°C (41°F). It tolerates heat very well and thrives in warm, dry climates.","Humidity":"Tolerant of a wide range of humidity levels but prefers moderate humidity. It is well-suited to dry climates and coastal areas.","Fertilization":"Fertilize every 4 to 6 weeks during active growth with a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) or one higher in phosphorus to promote blooming (e.g., 10-30-10). Avoid over-fertilizing with nitrogen, which promotes leaf growth at the expense of flowers.","Pruning":"Regular pruning is recommended to maintain shape and encourage bushier growth with more flowering. Prune after flowering cycles by cutting back long shoots to encourage new growth. Removing dead or weak branches helps improve air circulation and plant health.","Propagation":"Propagation is typically done via semi-hardwood cuttings taken during the growing season. Cuttings root readily when placed in moist soil or water. It can also be propagated by layering.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nBougainvillea glabra is generally non-toxic to humans. Contact with the plant may cause mild skin irritation or dermatitis in sensitive individuals due to its sharp thorns and the presence of latex-like sap. Ingestion of plant parts is uncommon and usually not harmful but may cause minor stomach upset if consumed in large quantities.\n\n<br>\n\nToxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nLesser Bougainvillea is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. However, the sharp thorns can cause physical injury such as scratches or puncture wounds to curious pets. Ingestion of the plant’s leaves or stems may cause mild gastrointestinal irritation including vomiting or diarrhea but is not life-threatening. It is advisable to prevent pets from chewing on the plant to avoid injury or discomfort. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThere are no significant toxic compounds such as alkaloids or oxalates reported in Bougainvillea glabra. Any adverse effects are primarily mechanical (thorn-related) or due to mild irritants in the sap."}
Monstera deliciosa( Variegated Monstera)

127 <blockquote><blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Monstera deliciosa variegated, commonly known as the Variegated Monstera, is a stunning and highly sought-after tropical houseplant celebrated for its large, heart-shaped leaves adorned with striking white, cream, or yellow variegation alongside deep green. This variegation creates a unique marbled or patchy pattern that makes each leaf uniquely beautiful. Native to the tropical rainforests of southern Mexico and Central America, Monstera deliciosa is also known as the Swiss Cheese Plant because of the natural holes or fenestrations that develop as the leaves mature.</span></blockquote> <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br></p> <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">The variegated forms grow more slowly than the solid green types due to reduced chlorophyll in the variegated parts, which limits photosynthesis. This plant can grow as a climbing vine in its natural habitat, using aerial roots to attach to trees and other supports, but it is commonly grown indoors as a decorative foliage plant. It symbolizes growth, renewal, and beauty and is prized in interior design for its dramatic and exotic appearance.</span></blockquote><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p></blockquote> {"Light":"Variegated Monstera prefers bright, indirect light to maintain its variegation and encourage healthy growth. Too much direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, especially the white or cream parts, while too little light can cause the variegation to fade and slow growth. An east- or north-facing window with filtered light is ideal.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) of soil feels dry. It prefers consistently moist but not waterlogged soil. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so ensure the pot has excellent drainage. During winter or slower growth periods, reduce watering frequency. Humidity should be moderate to high to support the plant’s tropical nature.","Soil":" a well-draining, aerated potting mix rich in organic matter. A mix of peat moss, orchid bark, perlite, and compost works well to provide moisture retention while allowing air circulation around the roots. Avoid heavy or compacted soils.","Temperature":"This plant thrives in warm temperatures ranging between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is sensitive to cold drafts and should be kept above 15°C (59°F). Sudden temperature drops or prolonged exposure to temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can cause leaf damage or stunt growth.","Humidity":"Thrives in high humidity levels of 60–80%. Lower humidity can cause browning of leaf edges and reduce overall plant vigor. Use a humidifier, pebble tray, or regular misting to maintain humidity in drier indoor environments.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Fertilizing less frequently or not at all during winter is recommended. Avoid high nitrogen fertilizers which might encourage leaf growth at the expense of variegation.","Pruning":"Prune to control size, shape, and remove damaged or yellowing leaves. Cutting back leggy vines encourages bushier growth. Support climbing by providing a moss pole or trellis for aerial roots to attach.","Propagation":"Propagate through stem cuttings with at least one node and an aerial root. Root cuttings in water or moist soil. Propagation is slower compared to non-variegated plants due to less chlorophyll and energy production.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nVariegated Monstera contains calcium oxalate crystals, which are toxic to humans if ingested. Chewing or consuming parts of the plant can cause irritation, burning, and swelling of the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat, as well as difficulty swallowing, excessive drooling, and nausea. Contact with the sap may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals. The plant is not deadly but should be kept away from children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nMonstera deliciosa variegated is toxic to cats and dogs due to the presence of calcium oxalate crystals. If ingested, pets may exhibit symptoms such as oral irritation, pawing at the mouth, drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. In severe cases, swelling can obstruct breathing, necessitating prompt veterinary care. Even small amounts can cause discomfort, so it is important to keep this plant out of reach of pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tCalcium oxalate (raphides) crystals, which cause mechanical irritation and swelling of soft tissues."}
Housetree Leek (Aeonium arboreum) Crassulaceae

128 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Housetree leek plant is a sub-tropical succulent species that's primarily grown outdoors.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">However, being native to the sub-tropics enables the Aeonium arboreum to grow indoors.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Native to the delightful volcanic archipelago Canary Islands, the Houseleek tree within its natural habitat enjoys growing within hillsides and well balanced temperatures of this part of the world. There are other varieties with slight differences including the var.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Artopurpureum (burgundy leaves) and var. Zwartkop/Schwarzkopf (much darker leaves).</p> {"Light":"Aeonium arboreum prefers full sun to partial shade. It thrives with at least 4–6 hours of direct sunlight daily, which enhances leaf coloration and compact growth. In very hot climates, some afternoon shade can prevent leaf scorching.","Watering":"Water moderately during active growth in spring and fall, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Reduce watering significantly in summer when the plant enters dormancy and in winter when growth slows. Overwatering can cause root rot.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, sandy or gritty soil typical of succulent mixes. A blend of cactus soil with added perlite or pumice is ideal to ensure fast drainage and prevent water retention.","Temperature":"Ideal growing temperatures range from 13 to 25°C (55 to 77°F). The plant is frost-sensitive and should be protected from temperatures below -1°C (30°F). It tolerates mild drought but is not cold-hardy.","Humidity":"Prefers low to moderate humidity and thrives in dry air. High humidity combined with poor drainage can lead to fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Feed once a month during the growing season with a balanced, diluted succulent fertilizer. Avoid fertilizing during dormancy in summer and winter.","Pruning":"Prune to remove dead or damaged leaves and to control shape and size. The plant can be trimmed after flowering to encourage branching and a bushier habit.","Propagation":"Propagates easily through stem cuttings or leaf cuttings. Allow cuttings to callus for a few days before planting in well-draining soil. Rooting may take several weeks.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nAeonium arboreum is generally considered non-toxic to humans. However, some individuals may experience mild skin irritation or allergic reactions when handling the sap, so wearing gloves is recommended during pruning or propagation. Ingestion is uncommon but may cause mild stomach upset or gastrointestinal discomfort. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe Housetree Leek is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. While ingestion is unlikely to cause serious harm, eating large quantities might result in mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting or diarrhea. Physical injury from spiny or tough leaves is rare since the leaves are soft and fleshy.\n\nToxic Compounds:\nThere are no significant toxic compounds reported in Aeonium arboreum. The sap is not known to contain harmful alkaloids, oxalates, or other dangerous substances."}
Mango (Mangifera indica) Anacardiaceae

130 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Mangifera indica, commonly known as the Mango tree, is a large, tropical evergreen tree native to South Asia but widely cultivated across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It is renowned for its delicious, juicy fruits that vary in size, shape, and color depending on the cultivar. The tree can grow up to 30–40 meters (98–131 feet) tall with a dense, spreading canopy. The leaves are long, leathery, and glossy green, often with a reddish tinge when young. Mango flowers are small, fragrant, and appear in large panicles during the flowering season. The fruit is a drupe with a tough outer skin, sweet flesh, and a large, flat seed inside. Mango symbolizes abundance, prosperity, and sweetness in many cultures.</span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Mango trees require full sun to grow and fruit optimally. At least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily is essential for healthy growth and maximum fruit production.","Watering":"Young mango trees need regular watering to establish roots, but mature trees are drought-tolerant. During flowering and fruiting, consistent moisture is important to improve fruit quality and yield. Avoid waterlogging as it can cause root rot. In dry seasons, deep watering every 1–2 weeks is recommended.","Soil":"Prefers well-drained, sandy loam to loamy soils rich in organic matter. The soil pH should ideally be between 5.5 and 7.5. Poor drainage or heavy clay soils can lead to root diseases.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm tropical to subtropical climates with temperatures ranging from 24–30°C (75–86°F). It is sensitive to frost and cannot tolerate prolonged cold or freezing temperatures below 0°C (32°F), which can damage the tree and affect fruiting.","Humidity":"Mango trees grow well in moderate humidity but can tolerate a range of humidity levels as long as temperature and drainage are suitable. Excessive humidity combined with poor airflow may promote fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Apply balanced fertilizers rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium during the growing season. Feeding is often done three to four times per year, with higher nitrogen early in the season to promote vegetative growth and more potassium during flowering and fruit development. Micronutrients such as zinc and iron may also be needed for healthy growth.","Pruning":"Pruning is performed to shape young trees, remove dead or diseased wood, and improve air circulation. Light pruning after harvest encourages new growth and better fruiting. Avoid heavy pruning as it can reduce flowering and fruit production.","Propagation":"Typically propagated by grafting or budding to preserve cultivar characteristics. Seed propagation is possible but results in variable fruit quality and longer juvenile periods.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nThe Mango tree is generally non-toxic to humans when consuming its ripe fruit, which is widely eaten globally. However, some people may experience allergic reactions or contact dermatitis from handling mango leaves, bark, or sap. This reaction, called “mango itch” or phytophotodermatitis, is caused by compounds such as urushiol (also found in poison ivy), which can cause redness, itching, and blistering on sensitive skin exposed to sunlight. Ingesting unripe mango or mango seed may cause mild stomach upset in some individuals but is not considered poisonous. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nMango fruit flesh is safe and non-toxic to cats and dogs in moderate amounts and can be given as an occasional treat (without the skin or seed). However, ingestion of mango seeds can cause intestinal blockage or choking hazards and should be avoided. The sap and leaves contain compounds that may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or skin irritation in pets if ingested or contacted.\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tUrushiol-like compounds in sap and skin causing allergic skin reactions <br>\n\t•\tPotential irritants in unripe fruit and seed material"}
Kaffir Lily Plant (Clivia miniata) Amaryllidaceae

131 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Clivia miniata, commonly known as the Kaffir Lily or Bush Lily, is a popular evergreen perennial native to South Africa. It is prized for its striking clusters of trumpet-shaped, bright orange to red flowers that bloom in late winter to early spring. The plant features broad, strap-like, dark green leaves that form a dense, arching clump, creating an elegant foliage display even when not in bloom. It grows from thick rhizomes and typically reaches heights of 45–60 cm (18–24 inches). The Kaffir Lily is well-loved as a low-maintenance indoor houseplant as well as a shade garden perennial in suitable climates. It symbolizes resilience, beauty, and good fortune.</span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"\nPrefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate some shade. Direct sunlight, especially during midday, may scorch the leaves, so filtered light or an east-facing window is ideal.","Watering":"Water moderately during the growing season, allowing the top 2–3 cm of soil to dry out between waterings. Reduce watering in winter, as the plant enters a semi-dormant phase. Avoid waterlogging, which can cause root rot.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, fertile potting soil rich in organic matter. A mix containing peat, compost, and perlite or sand works well to maintain moisture while ensuring good drainage.","Temperature":"Thrives in moderate temperatures between 15–24°C (59–75°F). It tolerates cooler temperatures down to 10°C (50°F) but should be protected from frost. A cooler rest period in winter (around 10–15°C or 50–59°F) can encourage better flowering.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity but is adaptable to average indoor humidity levels. Mist occasionally or use a humidity tray if air is very dry.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during active growth (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid fertilizing during the winter rest period.","Pruning":"Remove spent flower stalks and any yellow or damaged leaves to maintain appearance and plant health. Pruning is generally minimal and mainly for tidying.","Propagation":"Propagated primarily through division of offsets (pups) that develop at the base of mature plants. Offsets should be separated carefully during repotting and planted individually once they have several leaves and roots. Seed propagation is possible but slow and less common.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nClivia miniata contains toxic alkaloids, primarily lycorine, found in all parts of the plant, including leaves, roots, and berries. Ingesting any part can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, more serious effects like slowed heart rate or convulsions. Therefore, it is considered toxic to humans, and ingestion should be avoided, especially in children. Handling the plant typically does not cause skin irritation, but it is advisable to wash hands afterward. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe Kaffir Lily is toxic to cats and dogs due to the presence of lycorine and other alkaloids. Ingestion can lead to vomiting, diarrhea, excessive salivation, lethargy, weakness, and potentially more severe symptoms requiring veterinary care. Pet owners should keep this plant out of reach of animals to prevent accidental poisoning. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tLycorine (alkaloid causing gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms)"}
Marijuana Indica (Cannabis indica) Cannabaceae

132 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Even though it was first associated with recreational and medicinal use, the Cannabis indica plant has many other applications and features.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Cannabis indica is one of the three primary Cannabis siblings, alongside Cannabis sativa and Cannabis ruderalis. Indica strains are known for their bushy and compact growth habit, making them a popular choice for indoor and greenhouse cultivation. These plants typically have a shorter flowering time and are often associated with relaxing and soothing effects.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Generally, they grow to be 2-4 feet tall (60-120 cm), with usually 7-9 leaflets.</p> {"Light":"Requires full, intense light for optimal growth, ideally 12–18 hours of light per day during the vegetative phase. During flowering, light cycles are typically reduced to 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness to stimulate bud production.","Watering":"Needs consistent watering but avoid overwatering. Allow the top inch of soil to dry between watering to prevent root rot. Proper drainage is essential.","Soil":"Thrives in well-aerated, nutrient-rich soil with good drainage. A slightly acidic to neutral pH of 6.0–7.0 is ideal. Many growers use soil mixes supplemented with organic matter, perlite, and compost.","Temperature":"Prefers moderate temperatures between 20–30°C (68–86°F). Temperatures above 31°C (88°F) or below 10°C (50°F) can stress the plant and affect growth or resin production.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity of 40–60%. High humidity during flowering can promote mold or mildew, so levels should be lowered during this phase.","Fertilization":"Requires a balanced nutrient regimen with higher nitrogen during vegetative growth and increased phosphorus and potassium during flowering. Organic or synthetic fertilizers formulated specifically for cannabis cultivation are commonly used.","Pruning":"Techniques such as topping, trimming, and training (e.g., low-stress training) are often employed to improve light penetration, airflow, and increase yield. Removing lower growth (“lollipopping”) can focus energy on main buds.","Propagation":"Commonly propagated via cloning (cuttings) to preserve genetic traits. Seed propagation is also used, especially for breeding and developing new strains.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nCannabis indica contains psychoactive compounds, primarily THC, which affect the human nervous system. While not considered toxic in typical consumption amounts, excessive intake can cause adverse effects such as dizziness, paranoia, anxiety, impaired coordination, and cognitive effects. Unregulated use or consumption by children or pets can be harmful. Some individuals may also experience allergic reactions from handling the plant. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nCannabis indica is toxic to cats and dogs if ingested. THC and other cannabinoids can cause symptoms such as vomiting, drooling, disorientation, lack of coordination, lethargy, tremors, and in severe cases, seizures or coma. Immediate veterinary care is necessary if pets consume any part of the plant or its derivatives. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tTetrahydrocannabinol (THC) – psychoactive and toxic in large amounts <br>\n\t•\tCannabidiol (CBD) – non-intoxicating but may cause mild side effects <br>"}
Tulip( Tulipa gesneriana) Liliaceae

133 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Tulipa gesneriana is a classic and widely cultivated species of tulip, celebrated for its vibrant, cup-shaped flowers that bloom in spring. Originating from Central Asia and brought to Europe in the 16th century, this species has been extensively hybridized, resulting in a vast variety of colors and flower forms. Tulips are herbaceous perennials that grow from bulbs and typically reach heights of 20–60 cm (8–24 inches). Their smooth, lance-shaped leaves are bluish-green, and the flowers can range in color from red, yellow, pink, purple, white, and many bi-color or striped varieties. Tulips symbolize perfect love, elegance, and renewal.</span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Tulips thrive in full sun to partial shade. For the best blooms, they should receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily.","Watering":"Water moderately during active growth, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can cause bulb rot, especially in poorly draining soils. Reduce watering once foliage dies back after flowering.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter. A sandy loam or soil amended with compost is ideal to prevent water retention and bulb rot.","Temperature":"Require a period of cold dormancy to bloom well, with winter soil temperatures ideally below 7°C (45°F) for 12–16 weeks. During the growing season, they prefer moderate temperatures around 13–18°C (55–65°F).","Humidity":"\nTulips are adaptable to most humidity levels but perform best in moderate humidity. Excess humidity combined with poor drainage can encourage fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer at planting time and again in early spring as growth begins. Avoid excessive nitrogen, which can encourage leafy growth at the expense of flowers.","Pruning":"Remove spent flowers promptly to prevent seed formation and encourage bulb energy storage. Allow foliage to die back naturally before cutting it off, as it nourishes the bulb for the next season.","Propagation":"Propagated primarily by bulbs. Tulip bulbs multiply underground and can be dug up and separated every few years. Seed propagation is possible but takes several years to produce flowering plants.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nTulips contain tulipalin A and B, toxic compounds found mainly in the bulb and sap. Contact with the sap can cause skin irritation, allergic dermatitis, or rash in sensitive individuals. Ingestion of bulb or other plant parts may lead to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. While generally not fatal, ingestion should be avoided, especially in children. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nTulips are considered toxic to cats and dogs, with the bulbs being the most poisonous part. Ingestion can cause vomiting, drooling, diarrhea, depression, and in severe cases, tremors or difficulty breathing. Pet owners should keep tulips out of reach to prevent accidental poisoning. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tTulipalin A and B (allergenic lactones causing dermatitis and gastrointestinal upset)"}
Moon Cactus (Gymnocalycium mihanovichii) Cactaceae

134 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Gymnocalycium mihanovichii, commonly called the Moon Cactus, is a small, colorful cactus native to South America. It is particularly known for its strikingly vibrant, grafted tops in bright shades of red, yellow, orange, or pink, which lack chlorophyll and therefore rely on a green base cactus for photosynthesis. The Moon Cactus is a popular ornamental houseplant admired for its compact size and easy care. It typically features rounded, ribbed bodies with short spines and can produce small, funnel-shaped white or pink flowers under ideal conditions. The plant symbolizes endurance and adaptability.</span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch the colorful top but too little light will cause the cactus to become weak and lose vibrancy. A spot near a south- or east-facing window with filtered light is ideal.","Watering":"Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry completely between waterings. Typically, watering every 2–3 weeks during the growing season is sufficient. Reduce watering significantly during winter dormancy to prevent root rot.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining cactus or succulent soil mix, typically composed of sand, perlite, and organic matter. Good drainage is essential to prevent water retention and root rot.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). Avoid exposure to temperatures below 10°C (50°F) as cold can damage the cactus. It prefers stable indoor temperatures without drafts.","Humidity":"Adapted to dry environments, it prefers low to moderate humidity. Excess moisture or high humidity may increase the risk of fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"\nFeed monthly during the growing season with a diluted, balanced cactus fertilizer at half strength. Avoid fertilizing during winter dormancy.","Pruning":"Pruning is generally not required. Remove any shriveled or damaged parts to maintain plant health and appearance.","Propagation":"Propagation is usually done through grafting onto a compatible rootstock cactus, as the colorful tops lack chlorophyll and cannot survive on their own. Offsets or pups may also be propagated by grafting.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nMoon Cactus is considered non-toxic to humans. It does not contain harmful alkaloids or toxins and poses no poisoning risk if touched or accidentally ingested in small amounts. However, its spines can cause minor skin irritation or injury if handled carelessly. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe Moon Cactus is generally non-toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion is unlikely to cause serious poisoning, though spines may cause oral irritation or minor injury. Large quantities of cactus tissue may cause mild gastrointestinal upset but are not considered dangerous. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of significant concern. The plant’s main defense is its physical spines rather than chemical toxins."}
Stromanthe (Stromanthe thalia ) Marantaceae

135 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Stromanthe thalia is a striking tropical perennial prized for its lush, decorative foliage. It features large, lance-shaped leaves that display vibrant shades of green with contrasting white or cream variegation, sometimes accented with hints of pink or purple on the undersides. This plant belongs to the prayer plant family and is closely related to calatheas and marantas. It can grow up to 1 meter (3 feet) tall indoors and serves as an excellent ornamental plant to brighten shaded areas with its bold foliage. Stromanthe symbolizes vibrancy and exotic beauty.</span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate moderate shade. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch its delicate leaves and cause fading of variegation. Filtered light near an east- or north-facing window is ideal.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry, usually about once a week. Avoid letting the plant sit in standing water, as this can lead to root rot. During winter, reduce watering slightly while maintaining some moisture.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, peat-based potting mix rich in organic matter. A blend designed for tropical houseplants or a mix of peat, perlite, and pine bark works well. Good aeration is important for root health.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm, stable temperatures ranging from 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is sensitive to cold drafts and temperatures below 15°C (59°F), which can cause leaf damage.","Humidity":"Prefers high humidity levels between 60–80%. Low humidity can cause leaf browning and curling. Use a humidifier, pebble tray, or regular misting to maintain adequate moisture in the air.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce feeding during fall and winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Remove any yellow, damaged, or brown leaves regularly to promote healthy new growth and maintain an attractive appearance. Prune leggy stems to encourage bushier growth.","Propagation":"Propagate by division during repotting. Carefully separate clumps of roots and shoots, then pot each division separately. This is the most reliable and easiest method.","Poisonous":"Toxicity to Humans:\nStromanthe thalia is considered non-toxic to humans. There are no known harmful compounds in this plant, making it safe for households, including those with children. Contact with the leaves is generally harmless, but it is always best to wash hands after handling plants.\n\nToxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):\nThis plant is also non-toxic to cats and dogs, which means it is safe to have in pet-friendly environments. Ingesting small amounts is unlikely to cause any adverse reactions. However, excessive consumption could potentially lead to mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea, as with many non-toxic plants.\n\nToxic Compounds:\nNo toxic compounds of concern have been identified in Stromanthe thalia. It is considered safe for humans and pets alike."}
Cape periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) Apocynaceae

136 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Catharanthus roseus, commonly known as bright eyes, Cape periwinkle, graveyard plant, Madagascar periwinkle, old maid, pink periwinkle, rose periwinkle, is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family Apocynacede.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Previously included in the Vinca plant genus as Vinca roseus or Vinca rastrera, Catharanthus roseus is an evergreen sub-shrub known for its glossy green leaves. It belongs to the Apocynaceae (dogbane) family of plants. It's native to Madagascar and cultivated throughout the world as an ornamental plant and as a medicinal plant. It's a hardy plant and popular in subtropical gardens. Trailing vinca is a small perennial (in warm locations) with a woody base. It produces a mound of woody stems and glossy green foliage, reaching a height of about 6" - 18" inches. It's a low maintenance trailing plant spreading easily, making to a common choice for ground cover in a garden bed. The leaves are oblong and measure about 2" inches.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in full sun to partial shade. It blooms best when exposed to at least 4–6 hours of direct sunlight daily but tolerates some afternoon shade in hotter climates to prevent leaf scorch.","Watering":"Requires moderate watering. Water regularly during the growing season but allow the topsoil to dry out slightly between waterings to prevent root rot. It is drought-tolerant once established but benefits from consistent moisture for optimal blooming. Reduce watering in winter.","Soil":"Grows best in well-draining, sandy or loamy soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0). Good drainage is essential to avoid waterlogging and root diseases.","Temperature":"Prefers warm climates with temperatures ranging between 20–30°C (68–86°F). It is sensitive to frost and does not tolerate temperatures below 10°C (50°F).","Humidity":"Adaptable to a range of humidity levels but prefers moderate humidity. It can tolerate drier indoor air but benefits from occasional misting in very dry environments.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. Avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer, which can promote foliage growth at the expense of flowers.","Pruning":"Regular deadheading of spent flowers encourages continuous blooming. Light pruning helps maintain shape and vigor, especially in container plants.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by stem cuttings or seeds. Cuttings root readily in moist soil or water, while seeds can be sown indoors before transplanting.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nCatharanthus roseus contains alkaloids such as vincristine and vinblastine, which have potent medicinal properties but also confer toxicity if ingested improperly. The plant is considered toxic if swallowed, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Skin contact may cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals. Due to its toxicity, it should be kept out of reach of children and handled with care. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can lead to serious symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, tremors, and in severe cases, neurological effects or death. Immediate veterinary care is essential if ingestion is suspected.\n\n<br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nContains several toxic alkaloids, primarily vincristine and vinblastine, which affect the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. These compounds are used pharmaceutically but can be harmful when consumed in uncontrolled amounts."}
Zebra Plant (Goeppertia zebrina) Marantaceae

137 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Calathea zebrina is a species of plant in the family Marantacede, native to southeastern Brazil. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Zebra plant (scientific name - Calathea zebrina) is a perennial foliage plant that displays fairly large ovate leaves at the tips of it's long stalks, growing up to l metre tall.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Being a tropical plant native to Brazil the Calathea does require a warm and moist environment which encourages the foliage to thrive and look its best. Just like all others from the Maranta group and Calathea genus, it's grown for its striking leaves. This variety has velvety patterned ovate leaves which are light green in color with darker green stripes, like Zebra stripes. The underside of the leaves are purple and not always visible because leaves grow horizontally (although some will curve or grow more upright). It's a clump-forming plant that produces long stalks (up to l metre tall) and the leaves (15 inches or more in length) sit at the top.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves and cause fading of the striking variegation. It can tolerate moderate shade but will grow best with filtered sunlight from an east- or north-facing window.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top inch of soil begins to dry out, typically about once a week, depending on humidity and temperature. Avoid waterlogging, as this can lead to root rot. Reduce watering in winter when growth slows.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, peat-based potting mix rich in organic matter. A mixture containing peat moss, perlite, and orchid bark is ideal to provide moisture retention and aeration.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is sensitive to cold drafts and should not be exposed to temperatures below 15°C (59°F), which can cause leaf damage.","Humidity":"Thrives in high humidity levels (60–80%). Low humidity may cause leaf edges to brown or curl. Use a humidifier, mist regularly, or place the plant on a humidity tray to maintain moisture in the air.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 weeks during the active growing season with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer at half strength. Avoid over-fertilization, which can damage roots and leaves. Fertilization is usually reduced or paused in the dormant winter months.","Pruning":"Remove any yellow, damaged, or dead leaves to promote healthy growth and maintain appearance. Pruning leggy stems can encourage bushier growth.","Propagation":"Propagation is typically done by division during repotting. Carefully separate root clumps with shoots and pot them individually. This ensures healthy, vigorous new plants.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nGoeppertia zebrina is considered non-toxic to humans. It is safe to keep in households with children and poses no risk if accidentally touched or ingested in small amounts. Some individuals may experience mild skin irritation if sensitive, but overall it is safe.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is also non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-safe choice for indoor environments. While ingestion is not recommended, it is unlikely to cause serious symptoms. Minor digestive upset could occur if a pet chews on leaves, but no toxic compounds are present.\n<br>\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNo toxic compounds of concern have been identified in Goeppertia zebrina. It is widely regarded as a safe ornamental plant for both humans and pets."}
Echeveria Elegans(Mexican Snowball) Crassulaceae

138 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Echeveria elegans, commonly known as Mexican Snowball, is a popular evergreen succulent that mounds or spreads slowly in tight colonies. Edges of leaves are slightly pink, producing equally pretty, small, pink flowers with a yellow tinge.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Mexican Snowball is perfect as groundcover, part of a wedding bouquet, for rock gardens, green roofs or containers. Anciently, it was believed to drive away evil spirits. Echeveria spp. stem from thick-leaved rosettes. The leaves are fleshy and have a waxy cuticle on the exterior. Often the leaves are colored and a firm touch can mar the skin and leave marks.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Echeveria succulent plant is slow growing and usually doesn't exceed 12 inches in height or spread. Native from Texas to Central America, the plants prefer desert conditions, but will tolerate periods of moisture as long as they are allowed to dry out before applying more water.</p> {"Light":"Requires bright, direct sunlight for at least 4 to 6 hours daily to maintain compact rosettes and vibrant coloration. Insufficient light causes leggy growth and dull colors. It tolerates some light shade, especially in very hot climates.","Watering":"Water moderately but allow the soil to dry out completely between watering sessions. Overwatering can lead to root rot, especially in humid conditions. Water less frequently during winter dormancy. Use the “soak and dry” method: soak thoroughly and then wait for soil to dry before watering again.","Soil":"Needs a well-draining succulent or cactus mix, typically composed of coarse sand, perlite, and organic matter. Proper drainage is critical to prevent root diseases. Avoid heavy or moisture-retentive soils.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 15–27°C (59–80°F). It is not frost-tolerant and should be protected from temperatures below 5°C (41°F). In colder regions, it is best grown indoors or as a seasonal outdoor plant.","Humidity":"Thrives in low to moderate humidity environments typical of arid or semi-arid regions. High humidity combined with poor airflow can increase the risk of fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Feed with a diluted, balanced succulent fertilizer once a month during the active growing season (spring and summer). Avoid fertilizing during dormancy in winter.","Pruning":"Remove any dead or dried leaves at the base of the rosette to maintain plant health and appearance. Pruning is generally minimal due to the plant’s compact growth habit.","Propagation":"Propagated easily by leaf cuttings, offsets (pups), or seeds. Leaf cuttings root when placed on moist soil and develop new rosettes. Offsets can be separated and potted individually.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nEcheveria elegans is non-toxic to humans. It is safe to handle and keep indoors with no risk of poisoning if accidentally ingested or touched. However, large quantities of any plant material could cause mild stomach upset if ingested.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis succulent is also non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is considered safe to have around pets. Although pets may occasionally nibble on leaves, no harmful effects or poisoning are expected. Mild digestive upset is the only potential risk if consumed in large amounts.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNo toxic compounds have been identified in Echeveria elegans. It is widely regarded as a safe and pet-friendly ornamental succulent."}
Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) Apiaceae

139 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Coriandrum sativum, commonly called Cilantro or Coriander, is a versatile annual herb widely used in culinary dishes around the world. It is prized both for its delicate, bright green, lacy leaves and its aromatic seeds. The plant typically grows up to 50 cm (20 inches) tall, with slender stems and finely divided, feathery foliage. Cilantro leaves have a distinctive, fresh, citrusy aroma and flavor that adds brightness to a variety of cuisines including Mexican, Indian, Middle Eastern, and Southeast Asian dishes. It produces small white or pale pink flowers clustered in umbels, which eventually give way to round, brownish seeds known as coriander. The herb symbolizes freshness and culinary vitality.</span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers full sun to partial shade. For best flavor and growth, provide at least 4 to 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. In very hot climates, some afternoon shade can prevent leaf bolting and prolong the harvest period.","Watering":"Requires consistent moisture to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Water regularly to prevent drying out, especially in warmer weather, but avoid soggy soil that could lead to root rot.","Soil":"Grows best in well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter. A slightly acidic to neutral pH of 6.2–6.8 is ideal. Good drainage is essential to prevent root diseases.","Temperature":"Thrives in cool to moderate temperatures between 15–24°C (60–75°F). It is sensitive to extreme heat, which can cause the plant to bolt (flower and set seed prematurely). It prefers cooler spring or fall growing seasons.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity but adapts well to most indoor and outdoor humidity levels. Good air circulation helps reduce fungal problems.","Fertilization":"Apply a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer once or twice during the growing season to support healthy foliage. Over-fertilizing can reduce flavor intensity.","Pruning":"Regular harvesting of leaves encourages bushier growth and delays flowering. Pinch back flower buds to extend the leaf-producing phase. Remove any yellowing or damaged leaves to maintain plant health.","Propagation":"Propagated primarily by seeds sown directly in the soil or containers. Seeds germinate within 7 to 14 days under suitable conditions. Cilantro does not transplant well once established, so direct sowing is preferred.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nCoriandrum sativum is non-toxic to humans and is widely used as a culinary herb and traditional medicine. It is safe to consume in typical dietary amounts. Rarely, some individuals may experience mild allergic reactions such as skin irritation or digestive sensitivity.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nCilantro is also considered safe for cats and dogs in small quantities. While it is generally non-toxic, ingestion of large amounts could cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea. It is not known to contain any harmful compounds affecting pets.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNo significant toxic compounds have been identified in Coriandrum sativum. It contains beneficial phytochemicals with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, but none that pose a poisoning risk to humans or animals when consumed normally."}
Painted-Leaf Begonia (Begonia rex) Begoniaceae

140 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Begonia rex is a stunning ornamental plant renowned for its spectacularly colorful and intricately patterned foliage. Native to the forests of India, it displays large, asymmetrical leaves with a wide variety of colors including shades of green, silver, purple, red, and pink. The leaf surfaces often have striking markings such as spots, stripes, or splashes, giving it a painted or variegated appearance. The leaves are textured with a slightly waxy or hairy surface. While it produces small, delicate flowers on slender stalks, it is primarily grown for its impressive foliage. This plant symbolizes creativity and exotic beauty.</span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light to maintain vibrant leaf coloration. Avoid direct sunlight as it can scorch the delicate leaves and cause fading or brown patches. Lower light levels can be tolerated but may reduce color intensity and growth.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry. Overwatering or letting the plant sit in water can cause root rot. Reduce watering slightly during winter dormancy. Avoid getting water on the leaves to prevent spotting and fungal issues.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, rich potting mix, ideally formulated for begonias or houseplants. A mix containing peat, perlite, and vermiculite works well to retain moisture while ensuring aeration.","Temperature":"Thrives best in warm indoor temperatures between 16–24°C (60–75°F). It is sensitive to cold drafts and temperatures below 13°C (55°F), which can cause leaf damage. Stable temperature and humidity levels support optimal health.","Humidity":"Prefers high humidity levels (60–80%) to keep leaves lush and prevent edges from browning. Use a humidity tray, humidifier, or group plants to increase moisture in dry indoor air.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2 to 4 weeks during the growing season (spring through early fall) with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce feeding in winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Remove any yellowing or damaged leaves to encourage new growth and maintain appearance. Pinch back leggy stems to promote bushier growth. Regular pruning helps the plant maintain a compact shape.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by leaf cuttings, division, or stem cuttings. Leaf cuttings placed on moist soil or sphagnum moss will root and form new plants. Division of clumps can be done during repotting.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nBegonia rex contains oxalates, which can cause mild irritation if ingested. Ingesting large amounts may cause oral irritation, swelling, or discomfort in the mouth and throat. It is generally considered low-risk but should not be consumed deliberately. Skin contact with sap may also cause minor irritation in sensitive individuals.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is toxic to cats and dogs due to its soluble calcium oxalate crystals. Ingestion can cause symptoms such as drooling, oral pain, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, and pawing at the mouth. While poisoning is rarely fatal, prompt veterinary attention is recommended if a pet chews on or eats parts of the plant.\n<br>\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nBegonia rex contains soluble calcium oxalates, which are needle-like crystals that cause mechanical irritation to mucous membranes and skin upon contact or ingestion. These compounds are common in many begonias and should be treated with caution around children and pets."}
Dahlia pinnata (Dahlia pinnata) Asteraceae

141 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Dahlia pinnata is a popular and striking flowering plant native to Mexico and Central America, widely cultivated for its large, vibrant, and often spectacularly shaped flowers. This tuberous perennial grows as a bushy plant reaching heights from 30 cm up to 1.5 meters (12–60 inches), depending on the cultivar. Its flowers come in a broad spectrum of colors including red, pink, orange, yellow, white, purple, and bi-color combinations, with diverse forms ranging from simple daisies to intricate pom-poms and cactus-like blooms. The foliage consists of dark green, pinnate leaves that provide a lush backdrop to the flowers. Dahlias symbolize elegance, dignity, and commitment.</span></blockquote><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Requires full sun, ideally 6 or more hours of direct sunlight daily to bloom profusely and maintain strong growth. In very hot climates, some light afternoon shade can help prevent stress.","Watering":"Needs regular watering to keep the soil evenly moist, especially during the growing and flowering season. Avoid waterlogging, which can cause tuber rot. Reduce watering after flowering as the plant enters dormancy.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, fertile, and slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0–7.0) rich in organic matter. Good drainage is crucial to prevent tuber rot.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm climates with temperatures between 15–27°C (60–80°F). It is frost-sensitive, and tubers should be dug up or protected during cold winters. Optimal growth occurs in temperate to subtropical regions.","Humidity":"Adaptable to most humidity levels but prefers moderate humidity. Excessively humid conditions with poor airflow can promote fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 weeks during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer higher in phosphorus and potassium to encourage flowering and tuber development. Avoid excessive nitrogen which promotes leaf growth over flowers.","Pruning":"Deadhead spent flowers regularly to promote continuous blooming. Pinch out growing tips early in the season to encourage bushier plants. Remove any diseased or damaged foliage promptly.","Propagation":"Commonly propagated by tuber division during dormancy or by cuttings taken in spring. Seeds can also be sown but usually result in variable offspring. Tubers should be stored in a cool, dry place over winter.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nDahlia pinnata is generally considered non-toxic to humans. It is safe to grow in home gardens and is not known to cause poisoning if accidentally touched or ingested. However, some individuals with very sensitive skin may experience mild irritation from handling the sap or plant material.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<bd>\nThe plant is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a safe option for pet-friendly households. Ingestion of large quantities of any plant material may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea, but serious poisoning is not reported with Dahlias.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNo significant toxic compounds have been identified in Dahlia pinnata. Its sap does not contain harmful alkaloids, saponins, or oxalates that typically cause plant poisoning."}
African milk tree (Euphorbia trigona) Euphorbiaceae

142 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">African milk tree is a well-known decorative plant with a dramatic size that will surely enhance your landscape. Coveted by many and grown by few, this succulent still tops the list of popular plants.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">African milk tree (Euphorbia trigona) comes from Central Africa. Being a rapid grower with triangular stems, it stays lush and green and spruces up your garden. When grown indoors, this plant will take each half of its height but will still look spectacular.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">African milk tree is also known as the cathedral cactus, candelabra cactus, friendship cactus, and good luck cactus. In fact, however, it is a succulent.</p> {"Light":"\nRequires bright, indirect light to full sun. It tolerates some direct sunlight but prolonged exposure to intense midday sun can cause stem discoloration or burns. Bright light encourages healthy, compact growth.","Watering":"Prefers warm temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F) and should be protected from temperatures below 10°C (50°F). It does not tolerate frost and should be kept indoors or in a greenhouse in cooler climates.","Soil":"Needs a well-draining, sandy or cactus/succulent potting mix to prevent water retention. A mix containing sand, perlite, and peat is ideal. Good drainage is crucial to avoid root rot.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F) and should be protected from temperatures below 10°C (50°F). It does not tolerate frost and should be kept indoors or in a greenhouse in cooler climates.","Humidity":"Tolerates low to moderate humidity levels and generally does not require additional humidity. Average indoor humidity is sufficient.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the active growing season with a balanced, diluted succulent fertilizer. Avoid fertilizing during the dormant period in winter.","Pruning":"Prune to shape or remove any damaged or leggy stems. When pruning, always use gloves and take care due to the plant’s sharp thorns and toxic sap. Cuts will ooze a milky latex which can irritate skin and eyes.","Propagation":"Propagated easily from stem cuttings. Allow cut ends to callous for a few days before planting in well-draining soil. Rooting usually occurs within a few weeks under warm conditions.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nEuphorbia trigona produces a milky, white latex sap that is highly toxic and irritating to human skin and mucous membranes. Contact with the sap can cause severe skin irritation, redness, itching, and blistering. If it gets into the eyes, it can cause painful irritation and possible damage, requiring immediate rinsing and medical attention. Ingestion of the sap or plant parts can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Children should be kept away from this plant to avoid accidental contact or ingestion.\n<br>\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThe African Milk Tree is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingesting any part of the plant can cause drooling, oral irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy. The toxic sap can also irritate skin and eyes upon contact. Immediate veterinary care is advised if a pet consumes or comes into contact with the sap.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nThe sap contains diterpenoid euphorbol esters and other toxic compounds that are responsible for its irritating and toxic effects. These compounds serve as a defense mechanism against herbivores and require careful handling."}
Canna Lily (Canna indica) Cannaceae

143 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Canna Lily is a genus of flowering plants in the Cannacee family from central and South America. This bright, graceful flower will become an exquisite decoration of any garden.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Canna Lily is a perennial herbaceous plant with a branching rhizome and large leaves arranged on short stems in two rows. The plant produces asymmetrical flowers ranging from yellow or light orange to red; some plants may also have white flowers. The plant's fruits are three-celled loculicidal capsules with an oval or cylindrical shape. They ripen within 30-40 days.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in full sun with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily to encourage vigorous growth and abundant flowering. Can tolerate partial shade but will bloom less profusely.","Watering":"Requires consistent moisture, especially during the growing season. Water regularly to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Drought stress can reduce flowering and cause leaf damage.","Soil":"Prefers rich, fertile, well-draining soil with good organic content. Slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (6.0–7.0) is ideal. The soil should retain moisture but allow excess water to drain away to prevent rhizome rot.","Temperature":"Prefers warm climates with temperatures ranging between 18–30°C (65–86°F). It is frost-sensitive and should be protected or dug up in colder climates during winter.","Humidity":"Adapts well to a range of humidity levels but prefers moderate to high humidity. It grows well in tropical and subtropical environments.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 to 6 weeks during active growth with a balanced fertilizer high in phosphorus to promote flowering. Avoid excessive nitrogen as it can encourage foliage growth at the expense of blooms.","Pruning":"Remove spent flower stalks and yellowing leaves to keep the plant tidy and encourage further blooming. Cut back stems to the base after the growing season if the plant dies back.","Propagation":"Propagated mainly by division of rhizomes in early spring before new growth begins. Seeds can be grown but may vary from parent plants and take longer to flower.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nCanna indica is generally considered non-toxic to humans. There are no known poisonous compounds in the foliage or flowers. However, some individuals may experience mild skin irritation when handling the plant, especially if they have sensitive skin. The rhizomes have been traditionally used as food in some cultures, indicating safety upon proper preparation.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThe plant is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Accidental ingestion of small amounts of foliage or flowers may cause mild digestive upset such as vomiting or diarrhea but is not dangerous or life-threatening. Pets should still be discouraged from chewing on the plant to avoid any gastrointestinal discomfort.\n<br>\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNo significant toxic compounds have been identified in Canna indica. The plant lacks alkaloids, saponins, or oxalates that are common in many toxic houseplants."}
Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) Asparagaceae

144 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Dutch Hyacinth is a lovely, fragrant spring flower that brightens any garden.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Hyacinthus orientalis has other common names, which include Garden Hyacinth, Common Hyacinth, and Hyacinth Bulb. The flower is a member of the Asparagaceae family; it originated in the Eastern Mediterranean region and is now grown worldwide.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The plant is straightforward to identify because it has dark green leaves that are long and narrow. The flower is a bell-shaped cluster of blooms that can be white to deep purple.</p> {"Light":"Thrives best in full sun to partial shade. Outdoors, it prefers a sunny location for strong flower development but can tolerate some light shade, especially in hotter climates. Indoors, place it near a bright window with indirect light.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy during active growth and flowering. Water moderately, ensuring good drainage to prevent bulb rot. Reduce watering once the foliage begins to yellow and the plant enters dormancy.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter. A sandy loam or soil amended with compost is ideal to provide good drainage and nutrients. Neutral to slightly acidic soil pH (6.0–7.0) is preferred.","Temperature":"Prefers cool to moderate temperatures between 13–18°C (55–65°F) during its growing and blooming period. It requires a cool dormancy period with temperatures below 10°C (50°F) for several weeks to initiate proper flowering.","Humidity":"Hyacinths are adaptable to normal garden humidity levels and do not require additional humidity indoors.","Fertilization":"Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer at planting time and again during early growth to support healthy foliage and flower spike development. Avoid excessive nitrogen which can promote leaf growth over flowers.","Pruning":"Remove spent flower spikes promptly to prevent seed formation and to encourage bulb strength for the next season. Allow foliage to die back naturally before cutting it down to help bulbs store energy.","Propagation":"Primarily propagated by bulb offsets, which can be separated and replanted after the foliage dies back. Seeds can also be used but take several years to produce flowering plants.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nHyacinthus orientalis contains toxic compounds such as oxalates and alkaloids found mainly in the bulb and to a lesser extent in leaves and flowers. Contact with the sap or bulb can cause skin irritation, redness, and itching. Ingestion of any part, especially the bulb, can lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, respiratory distress. Children should be supervised around this plant to prevent accidental ingestion.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nHyacinth is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingesting bulbs or foliage can cause vomiting, diarrhea, excessive salivation, lethargy, and loss of appetite. Severe cases may involve tremors or seizures, so immediate veterinary attention is necessary if ingestion is suspected. The sap can also irritate pets’ skin and eyes on contact.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nThe toxic effects are mainly caused by calcium oxalate crystals and alkaloids that induce irritation and gastrointestinal upset. These compounds serve as natural defenses against herbivory."}
Mexican Marigold (Tagetes erecta) Asteraceae

145 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Mexican Marigold, a one-season wonder, joins the aster family party with big, round flowers in yellow, orange, and creamy white.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Mexican Marigold, or Tagetes erecta if we're being proper, is a tall flowering plant hailing from Mexico and Central America. Identify it by its cluster party of orange or yellow flowers chilling on long stems that can hit a cool 4 ft (1.2 m). The leaves? Dark green and finely divided, adding a touch of elegance. They're like the summer vibe that hangs around from June to frost. And don't worry, they're the friendly marigolds - not the invasive garden bullies.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Even though they're called Mexican, they've got a bit of Africa in their history - brought over through those African ports to European gardens.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun for optimal growth and flower production. It performs best with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Insufficient light can cause leggy growth and reduced blooming.","Watering":"Prefers regular watering to keep the soil evenly moist but well-drained. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. During dry periods, increase watering frequency to maintain healthy growth.","Soil":"Grows best in well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0) is ideal. It tolerates a variety of soil types but performs best in loamy soils.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm climates with temperatures between 20–30°C (68–86°F). It is sensitive to frost and should be planted after the danger of frost has passed.","Humidity":"Adaptable to a range of humidity levels but prefers moderate humidity. Good air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer at planting time and supplement with liquid fertilizer every 4 to 6 weeks during the growing season to promote vigorous growth and abundant flowering.","Pruning":"Deadhead spent flowers regularly to encourage continuous blooming and prevent seed formation. Trim back leggy stems to maintain a compact shape.","Propagation":"Propagated easily by seeds sown directly in the garden after the last frost. Seeds germinate quickly, and seedlings can be transplanted once strong enough.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nMexican Marigold (Tagetes erecta) is generally considered non-toxic to humans. However, some individuals with sensitive skin may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions when handling the plant, particularly from contact with its sap or pollen. Ingestion of large quantities is not typical and may cause minor gastrointestinal discomfort but is not known to be harmful.\n<br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThe plant is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a safe choice for pet-friendly gardens. Accidental ingestion of small amounts may cause mild digestive upset such as vomiting or diarrhea, but it is not considered dangerous or life-threatening. Still, it is advisable to discourage pets from chewing the foliage to avoid any discomfort.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNo significant toxic compounds such as alkaloids or oxalates have been identified in Tagetes erecta. Its natural aromatic oils may cause mild irritation but are not poisonous."}
Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum) Sapindaceae

146 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Japanese Maple - an arboreal masterpiece that turns your outdoor space into a living canvas of vibrant colors. Graceful and captivating, this deciduous wonder invites you to witness the changing seasons in the most exquisite way.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum) is a real head-turner in any garden. It has these super cool leaves that come in a range of colors and shapes, from 2 to 5 inches (5-12.5 cm) long. They start off green in the spring and end up fiery red and orange during the fall. This tree can grow anywhere from 6 to 25 feet (1.8-7.5 meters) tall, so it's perfect for any size garden.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in partial shade to dappled sunlight. While many cultivars can tolerate full sun, especially in cooler climates, strong afternoon sun can cause leaf scorch, particularly in red-leaved varieties. A sheltered spot with morning sun and afternoon shade is ideal.\n","Watering":"Regular watering is essential, especially during dry spells and hot summers. The soil should be kept consistently moist but not soggy. Deep watering once or twice per week is recommended. Young trees require more frequent watering until established.","Soil":"Prefers loamy, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. Slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5–7.0) is ideal. Avoid compacted, clay-heavy, or overly alkaline soils, which can cause nutrient deficiencies and root stress.\n","Temperature":"Japanese Maples prefer temperate climates and grow best in areas with cool to mild summers and cold winters. They are hardy in USDA zones 5–8, tolerating winter lows down to approximately −23°C (−10°F). Excessive heat and hot winds may cause stress.","Humidity":"Prefers loamy, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. Slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5–7.0) is ideal. Avoid compacted, clay-heavy, or overly alkaline soils, which can cause nutrient deficiencies and root stress.\n","Fertilization":"Fertilize in early spring using a balanced, slow-release fertilizer or an organic compost tea. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers, which can encourage excessive, weak growth. A light feeding is often sufficient once the plant is established.\n","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is required. Structural pruning should be done in late winter or early spring to remove dead, diseased, or crossing branches. Light shaping can be performed in mid to late summer. Over-pruning can ruin the plant’s natural shape.","Propagation":"Propagated through seeds, grafting, or softwood cuttings. Grafting is the most reliable method used for maintaining cultivar characteristics, while seed propagation may result in genetic variation. Layering is also occasionally used.\n","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nJapanese Maple is considered non-toxic to humans. There are no known toxic compounds in the leaves, bark, or sap that pose a threat to human health if touched or accidentally ingested in small amounts.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets:<br>\n\nThere is no strong evidence of toxicity to cats or dogs under normal circumstances. However, some anecdotal reports suggest that ingestion of large quantities of wilted or moldy leaves might cause mild gastrointestinal upset in sensitive animals.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\n\nNo confirmed major toxic compounds have been identified in Acer palmatum. However, it’s important to differentiate this species from certain types of maples, such as Acer rubrum (Red Maple), which are toxic to horses.<br>\n\n✅ Safe for humans and most household pets under typical conditions. Always prevent pets from chewing ornamental plants, especially in large amounts or if the leaves are wilted or decaying."}
Golden sedum (Sedum adolphi) Crassulaceae

147 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Sedum adolphi is a perennial succulent originally from Mexico, which became popular due to its unusual appearance. The succulent is brightly colored and can reach 20 cm (8 inches) in height. It is also worth noting that the golden Sedum is part of the Sedum genus and belongs to the Crassulaceae family.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Sedum adolphi is easy to identify by yellow-green leaves shaped like a soccer ball and are 3.5 cm (1.4 in) long. If the succulent has enough sunlight access, its leaves acquire a red-orange shade. Golden Sedum is a creeping plant reaching 60 cm (23 inches) in length.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">At the end of winter, small white-cream flowers resembling umbrellas or stars appear. A characteristic feature of flowering is that the flowers grow one after the other, so it is not uncommon to observe when some blooms and others wither.</p> {"Light":"Golden Sedum thrives in bright, direct sunlight. For the best leaf coloration, provide at least 4–6 hours of full sun daily. It can tolerate partial shade but may lose its golden tones and become leggy in low-light conditions.","Watering":"Like most succulents, Golden Sedum is drought-tolerant and should be watered using the “soak and dry” method—thoroughly water the soil, then allow it to dry out completely before watering again. Overwatering is the most common cause of root rot.","Soil":"Requires well-draining soil, such as a cactus or succulent potting mix. You can also amend regular soil with sand, pumice, or perlite to enhance drainage. Poor drainage or heavy soil can lead to root rot.","Temperature":"It prefers warm temperatures, ideally between 18°C to 24°C (65°F to 75°F). While it can handle brief periods of cooler weather, it is not frost-tolerant. In USDA zones 9–11, it can be grown outdoors year-round. In cooler climates, it should be brought indoors or protected during winter.","Humidity":"Golden Sedum prefers low to moderate humidity. It thrives in dry air and does not require misting. Ensure good air circulation around the plant, especially indoors.\n","Fertilization":"Feed lightly during the growing season (spring and summer) with a diluted balanced fertilizer or a cactus/succulent fertilizer once a month. Over-fertilization can cause excessive growth and weaken the plant structure.\n","Pruning":"Pruning is generally minimal. Remove dead or withered leaves regularly. If the plant becomes leggy, it can be trimmed back to encourage more compact growth. Cuttings from pruned stems can be used for propagation.\n","Propagation":"Golden Sedum is easy to propagate through stem cuttings, leaf cuttings, or division. Allow cuttings to callous over for a day or two before placing them in well-draining soil. Rooting typically occurs within 1–2 weeks under proper conditions.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\n\nSedum adolphi is considered non-toxic to humans. It does not contain any known harmful compounds when touched or ingested in small amounts. However, as with most plants, it’s best to discourage intentional ingestion, especially in children.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\n\nWhile many members of the Sedum genus are regarded as non-toxic to pets, some species can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation when ingested in large amounts. There is no specific toxic compound identified in Sedum adolphi, but sensitive animals may experience vomiting or diarrhea if they chew or eat substantial quantities of the plant.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\n\nNo definitive toxic compounds have been reported in Sedum adolphi. However, in rare cases, the saponins and alkaloids found in some Sedum species may lead to mild skin irritation or stomach upset.<br>\n\n✅ Overall, Sedum adolphi is considered safe for humans and low-risk for pets, making it an excellent choice for homes and gardens.\n"}
Tsutsusi Azalea (Rhododendron indicum) Ericaceae

148 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Tsutsusi Azalea is a tough little evergreen shrub native to Japan, where it naturally thrives in warm, slightly humid environments like mountain slopes and forest edges. It's a real showstopper in spring, exploding with trumpet-shaped flowers in bold pinks, purples, reds, or whites. The foliage is small, leathery, and stays green year-round in most climates. It's compact, often topping out at about 2-5 feet (0.6-1.5 meters) tall and wide, making it great for borders or even as a bonsai subject.</p> {"Light":"Tsutsusi Azalea prefers bright, indirect light to partial shade. Morning sun with afternoon shade is ideal. In hotter climates, protection from harsh afternoon sunlight is crucial to prevent leaf scorch.\n","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but never soggy. Azaleas have shallow roots and are sensitive to drying out. Use rainwater or distilled water if possible, as they are sensitive to high pH and minerals often found in tap water.\n","Soil":"Requires acidic, well-draining soil with a pH between 4.5 and 6.0. Use a mix designed for azaleas, camellias, or rhododendrons. Soil should be rich in organic matter such as peat moss or pine bark.","Temperature":"Best grown in temperate to cool climates, it thrives in temperatures between 12°C and 24°C (55°F to 75°F). It is cold-tolerant down to about -10°C (14°F) but may require winter protection in colder regions. Avoid excessive heat or dry air.\n","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity. In dry indoor environments, occasional misting or the use of a humidity tray can help maintain optimal moisture levels around the foliage.","Fertilization":"Use a specialized acidic plant fertilizer (such as one formulated for azaleas) during the growing season (spring to early summer). Avoid over-fertilizing, as azaleas are sensitive to salt build-up. Do not fertilize in late summer or fall, as this may encourage tender growth prone to winter damage.\n","Pruning":"Prune immediately after flowering to shape the plant and remove spent blooms or weak growth. Avoid heavy pruning in late summer or fall, as this can interfere with bud development for the next season.","Propagation":"Can be propagated through semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late spring or summer. Use a rooting hormone and maintain high humidity until roots form. Air layering is also effective but slower.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans and Pets:<br>\n\nRhododendron indicum is considered highly toxic to both humans and animals if ingested. All parts of the plant—leaves, flowers, stems, and nectar—contain grayanotoxins, a group of neurotoxic compounds.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\n\nThe grayanotoxins interfere with normal muscle and nerve function by altering sodium channel permeability, which can lead to a range of serious symptoms.<br>\n\nSymptoms in Humans:<br>\n\nIngestion can result in:<br>\n\t•\tNausea and vomiting<br>\n\t•\tSalivation<br>\n\t•\tDizziness and weakness<br>\n\t•\tHypotension<br>\n\t•\tDifficulty breathing<br>\n\t•\tIn severe cases, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, or even coma<br>\n\nSymptoms in Pets (Cats, Dogs, Horses):<br>\n\nEven small amounts can be dangerous:<br>\n\t•\tDrooling<br>\n\t•\tVomiting<br>\n\t•\tDiarrhea<br>\n\t•\tWeakness<br>\n\t•\tDepression<br>\n\t•\tIrregular heartbeat<br>\n\t•\tPotential for cardiac failure if untreated<br>\n\n⚠️ Emergency medical attention is required if ingestion occurs. Even honey made from azalea nectar (so-called “mad honey”) can be toxic.<br>\n\n❌ Due to its high toxicity, Rhododendron indicum is not recommended for homes with small children or curious pets unless grown with proper precautions.\n"}
Calathea Peacock (Calathea makoyana) Marantaceae

149 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Calathea makoyana is a genus of flowering plants in the Marantacede family. Although native to the state of Espírito Santo in eastern Brazil, this greenie is cultivated as an ornamental houseplant all over the world. It will become an excellent decoration of your home due to its original color and unpretentiousness in care.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This species is rather compact, usually growing up to 20 inches (50 cm) in height. Long, pubescent petioles bear one leaf each. The leaf blades can be thin, glossy, oval, or elliptical in shape with a pointed tip. They boast patterns of spots and stripes of different sizes, shapes, and shades. The ornament also appears on the back burgundy-purple side. During the flowering period, a short sprout with an inflorescence appears. The flowers are small and white in color. If grown indoors, Calathea blooms very rarely.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch the delicate leaves, while too little light can cause fading of its vivid markings. North or east-facing windows are ideal. Artificial grow lights can supplement insufficient natural light.\n","Watering":"Calathea Peacock requires consistently moist but not soggy soil. Water with distilled or rainwater, as the plant is sensitive to fluoride, chlorine, and salts in tap water, which may cause leaf tip browning. Always let the top 2–3 cm of soil dry out slightly between waterings.","Soil":"Use a light, airy, and well-draining potting mix rich in organic material. A blend of peat moss, perlite, and coco coir is recommended. The soil should retain moisture but not become compacted.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm, stable environments, ideally between 18°C to 27°C (65°F to 80°F). Avoid exposure to cold drafts or sudden temperature drops. It should never be exposed to temperatures below 15°C (59°F).\n","Humidity":"Requires high humidity levels (60% or higher) to thrive. Dry air will cause leaf curling, browning, or crisp edges. Maintain humidity with:<br>\n\t•\tA humidifier <br>\n\t•\tMisting (occasionally) <br>\n\t•\tPebble trays or grouping with other plants <br>\n","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season (spring through early autumn) with a balanced, diluted liquid houseplant fertilizer (half strength). Overfertilization may result in root damage and salt buildup.\n","Pruning":"Pruning is minimal and mainly for removing yellowed, damaged, or old leaves. Always use clean, sharp scissors and avoid cutting healthy foliage. Occasional grooming helps maintain appearance and health.","Propagation":"Best propagated by division during repotting in the spring. Carefully separate root clumps, ensuring each division has healthy roots and several stems. Avoid propagating from leaf cuttings, as it is typically ineffective for Calatheas.\n","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans and Pets:<br>\n\nCalathea makoyana is considered non-toxic to humans, cats, dogs, and other household pets. It is safe to grow in homes with children and animals. <br>\n\nChemical Profile: <br>\n\nCalathea species do not contain any known toxic alkaloids, glycosides, or saponins that are harmful when touched or ingested. This makes it an ideal houseplant for pet-friendly households.\n<br> \nIngestion Effects (if any): <br>\n\nAlthough non-toxic, ingestion of plant material may still cause minor gastrointestinal upset (e.g., vomiting or drooling in pets) simply due to mechanical irritation or plant fiber, especially in sensitive individuals or small pets. These symptoms are usually self-limiting and not life-threatening. <br>\n\n✅ Pet-safe and child-safe, Calathea Peacock is a great choice for those who want beautiful foliage without the risk of plant poisoning.\n"}
Swedish Ivy (Plectranthus verticillatus) Lamiaceae

150 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">If you're seeking an attractive, low-maintenance plant that brings a touch of greenery and elegance to your indoor space, here's the Swedish Ivy.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Popular for its name, Swedish Ivy, the _Plectranthus verticillatus_ is a semi-succulent perennial native to southern Africa. Despite its common names, it is not a true ivy or a member of the mint family. The plant features round and slightly toothed leaves that grow in pairs along trailing stems, creating a visually appealing cascading effect. One interesting aspect of Swedish Ivy is its potential to bloom tiny, tubular lavender flowers under the right conditions.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect sunlight. It tolerates moderate shade but grows best when placed near a window with filtered light. Avoid prolonged direct sunlight, which can cause leaf scorching, especially in dry conditions.","Watering":"Keep the soil moderately moist. Water thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry, but avoid waterlogging, which can lead to root rot. Reduce watering in winter when growth slows. Swedish Ivy is more tolerant of underwatering than overwatering.","Soil":"Grows best in well-draining potting mix. A standard houseplant soil blended with perlite or sand helps improve drainage. Slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0) is ideal.\n","Temperature":"Thrives in warm indoor conditions between 18°C to 26°C (65°F to 79°F). It is sensitive to cold drafts and should not be exposed to temperatures below 10°C (50°F). In cooler climates, it is typically grown as an indoor plant or annual.\n","Humidity":"Swedish Ivy prefers average indoor humidity levels (around 40–60%). It is tolerant of drier conditions but will benefit from occasional misting or placement near a humidifier in particularly dry indoor environments.\n","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season (spring to early autumn) with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid overfertilizing, which can cause excessive foliage growth with weak stems.","Pruning":"Regular pruning encourages bushier growth and prevents legginess. Pinch back growing tips or prune overgrown vines to maintain shape. Pruned stems can be rooted and used for propagation.\n","Propagation":"Easily propagated via stem cuttings. Cuttings root quickly in water or directly in moist potting mix. Ideal time for propagation is in spring or early summer, but success is possible year-round in warm indoor settings.\n","Poisonous":"⚠️✅Toxicity to Humans and Pets:<br>\n\nPlectranthus verticillatus is generally considered non-toxic to humans and most pets, making it a safe choice for households with children and animals. However, some sources suggest mild toxicity or skin irritation in rare cases, especially for sensitive pets. <br>\n\nChemical Profile and Concerns: <br>\n\nMembers of the Lamiaceae family may contain volatile oils (e.g., terpenes) that can be mildly irritating if ingested in large quantities. Although not highly toxic, ingestion by cats, dogs, or small animals could potentially lead to: <br>\n\t•\tMild gastrointestinal upset (e.g., vomiting or diarrhea) <br>\n\t•\tHypersalivation <br>\n\t•\tSkin irritation (in rare cases due to sap contact) <br>\n\nThese symptoms are typically mild and self-limiting, but veterinary advice should be sought if large quantities are consumed or if symptoms persist. <br>\n\n⚠️ Caution for sensitive pets: While Swedish Ivy is considered low-risk, supervision is advised for curious pets that chew on houseplants."}
Pinstripe Plant (Calathea Ornata) Marantaceae

151 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Being an evergreen plant native to the tropics of South America, it is found in many countries with a tropical climate, such as Thailand. In nature, the Decorated calatea stretches up to 60-65 cm in height and diameter, in room conditions up to 50-55 cm. The leaves of all varieties are dense, glossy, oval in shape with pointed tips. They grow on thin long petioles, reaching 12-20 cm in length and 9-12 cm in width. The main highlight of the plant is the unique coloring of the leaves: light groups of thin stripes on a dark emerald background. The stripes diverge symmetrically from the thick central vein. Their initially pink color becomes white as the plant matures. The inner side of the leaves is red-purple.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The variety Calathea Sanderiana ornata differs from the parent species in a more juicy color and a more rounded shape of the leaf plates.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can cause leaf scorch and fading of its distinctive markings. While it can tolerate lower light conditions, growth may slow and variegation may become less pronounced. Ideal placement is near an east- or north-facing window or a filtered south-facing location.","Watering":"Requires consistently moist soil, but not soggy. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry, and use filtered or distilled water, as it is sensitive to fluoride and chlorine. Avoid letting the soil dry out completely, especially in warmer seasons. In winter, reduce watering slightly.\n","Soil":"Needs a well-draining, moisture-retentive potting mix. A blend of peat moss or coco coir, perlite, and a bit of compost or orchid bark is ideal. The soil should retain moisture but allow excess water to drain freely.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm, stable indoor temperatures between 18°C to 26°C (65°F to 79°F). Avoid cold drafts, sudden temperature changes, and exposure to temperatures below 15°C (59°F).\n","Humidity":"Calathea ornata demands high humidity levels to thrive—ideally above 60%. Dry air can lead to leaf curling or browning edges. Increase humidity using a humidifier, pebble tray with water, or by grouping plants together.\n","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring through early autumn). Avoid over-fertilization, which can cause salt buildup and damage sensitive roots.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is needed. Remove yellowed, damaged, or browning leaves with clean, sharp scissors to maintain the plant’s health and appearance. Regular cleaning of the leaves also helps with photosynthesis and pest prevention.\n","Propagation":"Best propagated by division during repotting. Gently separate the root clumps in spring or early summer, ensuring each division has healthy roots and shoots. Stem cuttings are not a viable method for this species.","Poisonous":"✅✅Toxicity to Humans and Pets:<br>\n\nCalathea ornata is non-toxic to humans, cats, and dogs, making it a safe choice for households with pets or children. It is often recommended for pet-friendly plant collections.<br>\n\nChemical Profile and Concerns:<br>\n\nThere are no known toxic compounds in Calathea ornata. It does not contain calcium oxalates, alkaloids, or saponins, which are often found in other common houseplants that cause toxicity. The plant’s sap is also non-irritating to skin and mucous membranes in most individuals.<br>\n\nHowever, as with all plants, ingestion in large quantities may cause mild digestive upset simply due to fibrous content. While this is unlikely, supervision of pets and small children is always a good precaution.<br>\n\n✅ Conclusion: Calathea ornata is a completely non-toxic and pet-safe houseplant, offering beautiful aesthetics without safety concerns.<br>"}
Evergreen Rose (Rosa sempervirens) Rosaceae

152 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Spectacular, unique, and fragrant are perfect words to describe Evergreen Rose. This shrubby plant is a popular choice for outdoor and winter gardens due to its vigorous growth.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Commonly known as Evergreen Rose, Rosa sempervirens is an evergreen shrubby plant often used for ornamental purposes. Native to the Mediterranean, this flowering greenie feels best in a mild climate. The plant has glossy, dark green foliage that gives it contrast when the Rose is in bloom. This Rose species bears white or pink flowers in late spring and early summer. The blooms are cherished for their delicate beauty and fragrance. They usually grow in clusters, which add to the plant's appearance. Growing quite large (10-15 feet), Evergreen Rose needs a trellis for support and is often used in gardens as an ornamental plant.</p> {"Light":"Rosa sempervirens thrives in full sun, which promotes the best flowering and overall growth. It can tolerate partial shade, but this may result in fewer blooms and less vigorous growth.\n","Watering":"Water regularly during the growing season to keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Once established, it can tolerate short periods of drought, but consistent watering encourages better bloom production. Avoid overhead watering to reduce the risk of fungal diseases like black spot and powdery mildew.\n","Soil":"Prefers rich, well-draining, loamy soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0 to 7.0). Amend heavy clay soils with compost or sand to improve drainage and aeration. Organic matter is essential for healthy root development and flowering.\n","Temperature":"This rose is hardy in USDA zones 7–10, tolerating mild frost but preferring temperate, Mediterranean-like climates. It does best in cool to warm temperatures, ideally between 15°C to 27°C (59°F to 80°F).\n","Humidity":"Tolerates average humidity levels. However, good air circulation is important to prevent fungal diseases. Dense or stagnant air can increase susceptibility to common rose issues such as black spot and rust.\n","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced rose fertilizer (e.g., NPK 10-10-10) or compost every 4–6 weeks during the growing season. Avoid over-fertilizing late in the season, which can encourage soft growth vulnerable to frost.\n","Pruning":"Prune in late winter or early spring to maintain shape and encourage vigorous flowering. Remove dead, diseased, or weak wood, and cut back long or tangled stems. As a climber, training on supports and regular pruning will promote more prolific flowering.","Propagation":"Can be propagated by semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer or early autumn, or by layering. It may also be grown from seed, although germination is slow and variable. Grafting is used in commercial propagation.\n","Poisonous":"✅ Toxicity to Humans and Pets:<br>\n\nRosa sempervirens is non-toxic to humans, cats, dogs, and other common animals. Its petals and hips are safe for consumption in moderate amounts and often used in herbal teas, jams, or cosmetics.\n\n<br>\n\n⚠️ Physical Hazard – Thorns: <br>\n\nWhile chemically non-toxic, this species has sharp, recurved thorns along its stems which can cause puncture wounds, scratches, or abrasions. These injuries may lead to secondary infections if not cleaned properly. <br>\n\n⚠️ Mild Digestive Effects: <br>\n\nRose hips, while rich in vitamin C, tannins, and natural acids, may cause mild digestive upset (e.g., diarrhea or nausea) if consumed in excessive quantities by pets or sensitive individuals. <br>\n\n🧪 Chemical Compounds in Rose Hips: <br>\n\t•\tAscorbic acid (Vitamin C) – health-beneficial in small amounts. <br>\n\t•\tFlavonoids & tannins – may cause astringent effects when over-consumed. <br>\n\t•\tCarotenoids & essential oils – generally safe but can be mildly irritating in high doses. <br>\n\n🔒 Safety Note: Always supervise pets and children around roses to prevent accidental injuries from thorns. Ingestion of petals or hips in small amounts is safe; however, large or frequent consumption may require medical attention in sensitive individuals.\n"}
Moses in the Cradle (Tradescantia spathacea) Commelinaceae

153 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This glossy succulent is one that will surely be a pop of color in your leafy plants garden. Its long sword-like leaves take three, sometimes four colors at once: green, pink, cream, and dark violet, and they can grow up to l-foot height (30 cm). You're definitely in for an exotic show with this one.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Moses in the cradle is a succulent plant native to Central America, and it sure has a lot of names that you can find it by: boat lily, cradle lily, Moses in the basket, Moses-in-the-bushes, rhoeo, three-men-in-the-boat or even oyster plant, due to the way its tiny white flowers bloom. The plant grows upright, so its many colors can be seen from above. Moses in the cradle is one of the "easy care" plants that will not give you too much of a headache.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light, but can also tolerate partial shade. The best foliage coloration develops in brighter light. Direct sun, especially in the afternoon, may scorch the leaves, while too little light can lead to leggy growth and dull colors.","Watering":"Water when the top inch (2.5 cm) of soil feels dry. Keep the soil lightly moist but not soggy. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while prolonged dryness may cause browning or curling of the leaf tips. Reduce watering in winter when the plant’s growth slows.","Soil":"Grows well in a well-draining, fertile potting mix, such as a standard houseplant mix with added perlite or sand for improved aeration. Avoid heavy, compacted soils.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 16–27°C (60–80°F). It is not frost-tolerant and should be brought indoors if temperatures drop below 10°C (50°F).","Humidity":"Adapts well to average indoor humidity but will appreciate moderate to high humidity. If the air is very dry, occasional misting or using a pebble tray can help prevent brown leaf tips.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season (spring through early fall) with a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength. Fertilizer is generally not necessary in winter.","Pruning":"Trim back leggy or damaged stems to maintain a compact shape and encourage fuller growth. Pinching the tips can promote bushiness. Dead or yellowing leaves should be removed regularly.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by stem cuttings or division. Cuttings can root in water or directly in soil and typically root within a few weeks. The plant also self-propagates readily by forming offsets at its base.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nMoses in the Cradle is considered mildly toxic to humans, particularly if parts of the plant are ingested. Symptoms may include oral irritation, burning sensation in the mouth and throat, nausea, or vomiting. Additionally, the sap can cause skin irritation or contact dermatitis, especially in individuals with sensitive skin or after prolonged contact. Wearing gloves when handling or pruning is recommended. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe plant is toxic to cats and dogs. If ingested, it can cause salivation, oral pain, vomiting, or difficulty swallowing. Contact with the sap may also irritate the skin or eyes. Though not usually life-threatening, ingestion may require veterinary attention to manage symptoms and ensure hydration and comfort.\n\n<br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nContains saponins and calcium oxalate crystals, both of which contribute to its irritant properties. These compounds are natural defenses that can affect mucous membranes upon contact or ingestion."}
Norfolk Pines (Araucaria heterophylla) Araucariaceae

154 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Norfolk Island Pines, simply called Star Pines or Norfolk Pines, are stately symmetrical evergreens that originated on the Norfolk Island of Australia. Many people use these as living Christmas trees.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Norfolk Pines come small enough to sit on a table and large enough to fill the corner of a large room with tall ceilings. When purchasing a Norfolk Pine as a houseplant, ensure that the plant has multiple trunks. This prevents it from looking bare and skinny as it grows taller.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">These plants are not considered poisonous, but if a child or pet eats the pine needles, it will cause severe stomach problems.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light. A few hours of morning sun from an east-facing window are beneficial, but avoid intense afternoon sun which can scorch the needles. Inadequate light may lead to spindly growth and branch loss. Outdoors, it prefers full sun in cooler climates and partial shade in hotter regions.","Watering":"Keep the soil evenly moist, allowing the top inch (2.5 cm) to dry out between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while extended dryness can cause needle drop or browning tips. During winter, reduce watering frequency but don’t allow the soil to completely dry out.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, slightly acidic potting mix. A combination of peat, pine bark, and perlite works well. Heavy or compacted soils should be avoided to prevent root rot.","Temperature":"Prefers temperatures between 16–24°C (60–75°F). It can tolerate brief dips down to 5°C (41°F) but is not frost-hardy. Avoid placing it near drafts, heaters, or cold windows. A consistent environment is key to keeping it healthy indoors.","Humidity":"Norfolk Pines prefer moderate to high humidity. Dry indoor air, especially during winter, can lead to browning or needle drop. Use a humidifier, pebble tray, or occasional misting to maintain humidity around the plant.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring to early fall) with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilizing, as it can damage the roots. Do not fertilize in winter when the plant’s growth slows.","Pruning":"Pruning is rarely needed. You can remove brown or damaged lower branches, but avoid cutting the central growing tip, as it may stunt or distort the plant’s symmetrical growth.","Propagation":"Propagation is generally difficult. While technically possible from seeds or cuttings, the plant is rarely propagated at home due to its slow growth and difficulty rooting. Commercial propagation is usually done from seed.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nNorfolk Pine is considered non-toxic to humans. It is safe to have around children and adults in both indoor and outdoor settings. However, as with any plant, it is not intended for consumption. Ingesting parts of the plant may cause mild stomach upset due to fibrous content or natural plant chemicals, but it is not poisonous.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThe plant is considered mildly toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, drooling, or diarrhea. While not considered highly dangerous or fatal, it is best to keep the plant out of reach of pets who like to chew foliage.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nContains mild irritant compounds (likely saponins or other secondary metabolites) that may cause digestive upset when consumed. The plant’s sap is not known to be a skin irritant."}
Brazilian Jasmine (Mandevilla sanderi) Apocynaceae

155 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">As far as ornamental value is concerned, the Mandevilla plant will not disappoint. The beauty of Brazilian Jasmine is the reason why many gardeners love them. Your trellis, arbor, pergola, and hanging baskets will appear highly attractive with this plant.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This Mandevilla people is also known as Brazilian Jasmine because it originated from South Brazil. It's an evergreen woody vine that grows up to 49 ft (32 m). It has dark green, glossy leaves in oval shape, arranged oppositely in each stem. The vine has a fast growth rate and requires plenty of space to climb on.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The most attractive feature of the plant is its funnel-shaped flowers arranged in clusters.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Red-pink flower inflorescence bears on the stems almost all year round, creating an irresistible invitation to pollinating insects like bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds</p> {"Light":"Requires bright, indirect light to full sun. At least 4–6 hours of direct sunlight per day is ideal for optimal flowering. Indoors, place it near a south- or west-facing window. Inadequate light may lead to fewer blooms and leggy growth.","Watering":"Water thoroughly but allow the top 1–2 inches (2.5–5 cm) of soil to dry before watering again. During the growing season, it may need watering 2–3 times per week, especially in hot weather. Reduce watering in winter, but do not allow the soil to completely dry out. Ensure proper drainage to avoid root rot.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, slightly acidic soil rich in organic matter. A high-quality potting mix amended with sand, peat moss, or perlite is ideal for container-grown specimens. Avoid heavy or soggy soils.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 18–29°C (65–85°F). It is not frost-tolerant and must be brought indoors or protected when temperatures drop below 10°C (50°F). Indoors, avoid placing it near cold drafts or heating vents.","Humidity":"Enjoys moderate to high humidity. In dry indoor environments, misting the foliage or placing the plant near a humidity tray can prevent leaf edge browning. Outdoors, it naturally thrives in humid summer air.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2 weeks during the active growing season (spring through early fall) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer or one higher in phosphorus to promote blooming. Reduce or stop feeding in winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Prune in early spring before new growth begins to shape the plant and encourage bushier growth. Regularly pinch back the growing tips to promote branching. Remove dead or faded flowers and stems to maintain a tidy appearance.","Propagation":"Easily propagated from stem cuttings taken in late spring or summer. Cuttings can root in water or a moist growing medium. Rooting hormone may improve success. Mandevilla sanderi can also be propagated from seed, though this is less common.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nMandevilla sanderi is mildly toxic to humans if ingested. While not considered highly poisonous, the sap can cause irritation to the mouth, throat, or stomach, leading to symptoms like nausea or vomiting if consumed in significant quantities. The milky sap may also cause mild skin irritation upon contact, especially in sensitive individuals. Wearing gloves while pruning or handling the plant is recommended.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is considered mildly toxic to pets, including cats and dogs. Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal upset, such as drooling, vomiting, or diarrhea. In most cases, symptoms are mild and self-limiting but may require veterinary attention if a large amount is consumed or symptoms persist.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nContains latex-like sap with irritant alkaloids and possibly saponins or other compounds that may be harmful if ingested or if contact is prolonged. These substances help deter herbivores in the plant’s native environment."}
Cast Iron Plant (Aspidistra elatior) Asparagaceae

156 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Aspidistra is a perennial herbaceous plant that has creeping superficial rhizomes, single or collected in small bunches, with little or no stem, whole leaves, and fleshy bell- or cup-shaped flowers of various shapes, colors, and sizes. This plant is very well suited for novice flower growers, because it does not need a careful and special approach, everyone can handle this flower.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Aspidistra is native to Southeast and East Asia. Plants of this genus are part of the terrestrial flora in the humid forest regions of Eastern India, Taiwan, and Japan. And yet, the largest number of species is found in the Chinese province of Guangxi.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">It is an evergreen rhizomatous perennial that grows to 24 in (60 cm) tall and broad, with glossy dark green leaves 12-20 in (30-50 cm) long and fleshy, 8-lobed cream flowers with maroon coloration on the inner surface that bloom in early summer.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Flowers, like leaves, have relatively short petioles; therefore, the flowering of the aspidistra plant is a pleasant surprise for many green thumbs. A thick, spherical, or pear-shaped berry with one or more seeds forms after the flower has been pollinated.</p> {"Light":"Tolerates low to moderate indirect light, making it ideal for dim interiors. However, it performs best with bright, indirect light. Avoid direct sun, which can scorch its broad leaves. Artificial light is also sufficient for this plant, and it is among the best choices for windowless rooms.","Watering":"Water moderately, allowing the soil to dry out partially between waterings. It is very drought-tolerant, and overwatering is one of the few things that can harm it. During winter, reduce watering significantly, as its growth slows.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining soil with moderate fertility. A standard indoor potting mix amended with sand or perlite for better drainage is ideal. Avoid heavy, clay-like soils that retain moisture.","Temperature":"Grows well in temperatures between 10–27°C (50–80°F). It tolerates cooler temperatures better than many tropical houseplants but is not frost-hardy. Keep away from cold drafts or sudden temperature drops.","Humidity":"Tolerates low to moderate humidity, making it adaptable to average indoor environments. It does not require misting or special humidity maintenance but appreciates occasional leaf wiping to remove dust and enhance photosynthesis.","Fertilization":"Fertilize once a month during the growing season (spring through early fall) with a diluted balanced liquid fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilizing, especially in winter when the plant is dormant.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is needed. Trim off dead or yellowing leaves at the base using clean shears. This helps the plant maintain a tidy appearance and redirects energy to healthy growth.","Propagation":"\nPropagation is done through division of rhizomes, usually during repotting in spring or summer. Gently separate clumps, ensuring that each section has a few healthy roots and leaves.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nThe Cast Iron Plant is non-toxic to humans. It is considered safe for households, including those with children. There is no significant risk of poisoning if touched or accidentally ingested in small amounts. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nAspidistra elatior is non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is recognized by the ASPCA as a pet-safe plant, making it an excellent choice for pet-friendly homes. Even if leaves are chewed, they do not pose a serious risk of toxicity. However, ingestion of large amounts of fibrous plant material may still result in mild stomach upset or vomiting in sensitive pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of concern. The plant does not contain alkaloids, saponins, or oxalates known to cause toxic reactions in pets or people."}
Prayer Plant( Goeppertia orbifolia) Marantaceae

157 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Prayer Plant is originally a tropical greenie rooting from Bolivia, but nowadays, it's often grown indoors. It can boast huge and glossy leaves that attract many plant lovers and fit well into any interior. The leaves also have silvery lines that are parallel to the veins, for which it got its Zebra nickname. In its natural habitat, the foliage can grow up to 12 inches (30 cm) in diameter!</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The plant's leaf stalks are pretty slender and long, and they arise right from the base of the plant, supporting the larger leaves. The roots of the plant don't usually go too deep, and the root system overall is quite shallow.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light, though it can tolerate lower light conditions. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the delicate foliage and fade its signature striping. A north- or east-facing window or filtered light through a sheer curtain is ideal.","Watering":"Prefers consistently moist but not soggy soil. Water when the top inch of the soil feels dry, and use filtered, distilled, or rainwater when possible, as it is sensitive to chlorine and fluoride often found in tap water. Ensure proper drainage to avoid root rot. Reduce watering slightly in winter.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, moisture-retentive potting mix. A blend of indoor potting soil with added peat moss or coco coir, perlite, and a bit of orchid bark helps retain moisture while allowing airflow to the roots.","Temperature":"Best grown in temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It does not tolerate cold drafts, sudden temperature changes, or prolonged exposure to temperatures below 15°C (59°F). Keep away from heating vents and air conditioners.","Humidity":"Goeppertia orbifolia requires high humidity (over 60%) to thrive. Dry air can lead to crispy leaf edges. Use a room humidifier, place the pot on a humidity tray, or mist the plant regularly (preferably in the morning) to maintain optimal humidity levels.","Fertilization":"Fertilize every 2 to 4 weeks during the growing season (spring through early autumn) with a balanced, diluted liquid houseplant fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilization and discontinue feeding in winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is needed. Remove any yellowing or damaged leaves at the base with clean scissors to keep the plant tidy and to promote healthy new growth.","Propagation":"Propagation is done via rhizome division, typically during repotting in spring. Gently separate a portion of the root ball that has its own stem and leaves, then pot the division into a new container with fresh soil.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nGoeppertia orbifolia is non-toxic to humans. It is considered safe to grow in homes with children or where incidental contact or ingestion may occur. The plant does not contain any harmful compounds known to pose poisoning risks.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is also non-toxic to cats and dogs. Recognized by the ASPCA as a pet-safe houseplant, it is a great option for pet owners who want decorative foliage without risking toxicity. However, as with all plants, ingestion of significant quantities may still cause mild stomach upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea, due to fiber content.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNone of concern. Goeppertia orbifolia does not contain alkaloids, calcium oxalates, or saponins that would make it dangerous to pets or humans."}
Broadleaf Lady palm (Rhapis excelsa) Arecaceae

158 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Rhapis excelsa, commonly known as the Broadleaf Lady Palm, is a graceful, slow-growing palm native to southern China and possibly Vietnam. It is widely cultivated as a refined indoor ornamental plant, admired for its fan-shaped, glossy green leaves and multiple upright stems that resemble bamboo. The foliage consists of deeply lobed, broad leaflets that spread out like fingers on a hand. Lady Palms can grow up to 3–4 meters (10–12 feet) in height in the wild but typically remain smaller indoors, reaching about 1.5–2 meters (5–6 feet). Known for its resilience, air-purifying qualities, and tolerance of low-light environments, the Broadleaf Lady Palm is often seen in homes, offices, and lobbies where it adds a classic, calming presence.</span></blockquote><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but is highly tolerant of low-light conditions. It will thrive near a north or east-facing window but should be protected from harsh, direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves. It is one of the few palms that can adapt well to artificial lighting.","Watering":"Water thoroughly when the top 2–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil becomes dry. Rhapis excelsa prefers evenly moist soil but does not tolerate soggy conditions. Allow excess water to drain and never let the pot sit in standing water. Reduce watering during winter months when the plant’s growth slows.","Soil":"Thrives in a well-draining potting mix rich in organic matter. A blend of peat moss, compost, pine bark, and perlite works well. Avoid heavy soils that retain excess moisture. Ensure the pot has good drainage holes.","Temperature":"Ideal temperature range is 16–27°C (60–80°F). It prefers stable indoor temperatures and should not be exposed to cold drafts or temperatures below 10°C (50°F). It can tolerate mild fluctuations but should be protected from frost and dry heat.","Humidity":"Enjoys moderate to high humidity, though it is relatively tolerant of normal indoor humidity levels. In dry indoor environments, occasional misting or the use of a humidifier will help prevent browning leaf tips.","Fertilization":"Fertilize with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring through early autumn). Use at half strength and avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to salt buildup and damage the roots. Stop feeding in winter.","Pruning":"Pruning is minimal and mainly cosmetic. Remove dead or damaged fronds at the base with clean, sharp shears. Avoid trimming healthy green foliage as this can hinder the plant’s overall vigor and shape.","Propagation":"Propagation is done by dividing the clumps of stems at the root level. This is best done during repotting. Separate a section that includes both stems and root system and plant it in a new pot with fresh soil.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Broadleaf Lady Palm is non-toxic to humans. It poses no known risks of poisoning or skin irritation and is safe to have in households, schools, and public areas.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nRhapis excelsa is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is a pet-friendly plant, making it suitable for homes with curious animals. Ingestion of the leaves is unlikely to cause harm, though mild digestive upset is possible if consumed in large quantities due to fibrous content.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNone. This species does not contain harmful alkaloids, oxalates, or irritants commonly found in toxic houseplants. It is widely regarded as one of the safest palms for indoor use around pets and children."}
Monstera Minima (Rhaphidophora tetrasperma) Araceae

159 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Monstera Minima is a pretty rare plant that brings tropical forest to your home. An evergreen companion for those looking for a friend that won't demand excessive and complicated care.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Monstera minima, also known as Mini Monstera or Philodendron Piccolo is an Aracede, native to Malaysia and Taiwan. From tropical climates, it adapts well to less humid environments, making it hardy, reliable, and able to survive almost anything, as long as it quickly tended to.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">It is a fast-growing vining plant with distinctive split or cut leaves, and its versatility means it is perfect for staying pot-sized, growing around a room, or hanging from a ceiling basket.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Plus, it has air-purifying qualities.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Keep in mind that this plant is toxic for both humans and animals when ingested, so keep it safely away from your pets and out of reach of kids.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch its leaves, causing browning or yellowing, while too little light slows growth and reduces leaf fenestration. An east or north-facing window is ideal. It can tolerate moderate shade but grows best with ample filtered light.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) of soil feels dry. It prefers consistently moist but not waterlogged soil. Overwatering can cause root rot, so ensure the pot has excellent drainage. Reduce watering frequency during the cooler months.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, aerated potting mix rich in organic matter. A blend containing peat moss, orchid bark, perlite, and compost works well to provide moisture retention without sogginess.","Temperature":"Prefers a warm environment between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is sensitive to cold drafts and should be kept away from temperatures below 15°C (59°F). Consistent indoor temperatures promote healthy growth.","Humidity":"Prefers high humidity levels of around 60–80%. It benefits from regular misting, humidity trays, or humidifiers, especially in dry indoor environments, to prevent leaf curling or browning.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 weeks during the growing season (spring to early fall) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid fertilizing in winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Prune to maintain desired size and shape by trimming leggy or overgrown stems just above a node. This also encourages bushier growth. Remove any yellow or damaged leaves promptly.","Propagation":"Easily propagated through stem cuttings. Cut a section with at least two nodes and aerial roots if possible, and root it in water or moist soil until new growth appears.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nRhaphidophora tetrasperma contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause irritation if ingested or if sap contacts the skin. For humans, ingestion may result in mild to moderate oral irritation, swelling, and discomfort. <br> Handling the plant may cause skin irritation or rash in sensitive individuals, so wearing gloves is advisable during pruning or propagation. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is considered toxic to cats and dogs due to the presence of insoluble calcium oxalates. If ingested, pets may experience symptoms such as oral irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, and in rare cases, swelling of the mouth or throat. Immediate veterinary attention is recommended if ingestion occurs. Despite its beauty, caution is advised when keeping this plant in homes with curious pets or young children. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nContains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals which are responsible for the irritation effects. These compounds are common in many Araceae family plants and are defensive adaptations against herbivory."}
Creeping Inchplant( Callisia repens) Commelinaceae

160 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Creeping Inchplant is a small creeping succulent plant belonging to the Commelinaceae family and native to the tropical climate of South and Central America. The plant is unpretentious in care and perfectly complements the decorative elements of the garden and the house, as it is non-toxic and looks good. It is worth noting that more than 20 species of this plant differ little from each other, but this does not prevent them from being popular among collectors who want to collect them all.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Callisia repens is easily identified by its waxy bright green, pink, or cream leaves that are oval with pink or purple stripes and can grow up to 4 cm (1.6 in) long. The leaves are located along the fleshy stem, are close to each other, and have a burgundy shade from below.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The white flowers are odorless, borne in clusters, usually up to 0.2 cm (0.1 in) in diameter, and bloom in late spring and early summer. As for the seeds, they are found in small fruits that look like capsules and have a dark color.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light but can tolerate partial shade. To maintain its vibrant coloration—especially in variegated forms—it should receive ample filtered light. Prolonged exposure to direct sun can scorch the leaves, while too little light may result in leggy growth and fading colors.","Watering":"Water when the top inch (2–3 cm) of soil feels dry. This plant prefers moderately moist conditions, but its succulent nature means it can tolerate short periods of drought. Overwatering can lead to root rot and mushy stems, so ensure the pot has good drainage and never let the plant sit in water. During winter, reduce watering frequency.","Soil":"Grows best in a well-draining, light potting mix. A standard indoor mix amended with perlite or coarse sand ensures proper drainage and aeration. Avoid heavy or compacted soils that retain excess moisture.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It does not tolerate frost and should be brought indoors when temperatures drop below 10°C (50°F). Sudden cold drafts or drastic temperature changes should be avoided to prevent stress.","Humidity":"Appreciates moderate to high humidity, though it tolerates average household levels. In dry environments, especially during winter, it benefits from occasional misting or placement near a humidity tray to prevent leaf crisping.","Fertilization":"Feed once a month during spring and summer using a diluted liquid houseplant fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to weak or leggy growth. No feeding is required in winter.","Pruning":"Prune regularly to control size and shape. Pinching back tips encourages branching and a fuller appearance. Remove any yellowing or dead foliage to maintain plant health and aesthetics.","Propagation":"Easily propagated through stem cuttings. Snip healthy stems just below a node and place them in water or directly in moist soil. Roots typically form within a few days to a couple of weeks, especially in warm, humid conditions.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nCreeping Inchplant is non-toxic to humans and is generally safe to grow in households with children. It does not contain harmful alkaloids or irritants and poses no known risk if touched or accidentally ingested in small quantities.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nAlthough Callisia repens is often described as non-toxic, there are anecdotal reports of mild skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive pets, particularly cats and dogs, when they come into frequent contact with the sap or foliage. Ingestion of larger amounts may cause minor digestive upset such as vomiting or diarrhea due to its fibrous content. These symptoms are usually mild and self-limiting. If a pet shows signs of a reaction, consult a veterinarian.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNo known toxic alkaloids or oxalates have been identified in this species, but it may cause contact dermatitis or oral irritation in sensitive animals due to the presence of natural saponins or sap compounds."}
Zebra-Plant (Aphelandra squarrosa) Acanthaceae

161 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Aphelandra squarrosa, commonly known as the Zebra Plant, is a striking tropical evergreen shrub native to the rainforests of Brazil. This ornamental houseplant is widely appreciated for its dramatic foliage—large, glossy, dark green leaves with prominent white or silvery veins that resemble zebra stripes, hence its common name. Although it is primarily grown for its foliage, it also produces bright, showy golden-yellow bracts that form cone-like flower spikes, typically blooming in late summer or early fall if conditions are ideal. The vivid contrast of its foliage and inflorescence makes it a bold addition to any indoor plant collection, though it can be temperamental without proper humidity and care.</span></blockquote><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Zebra Plants thrive in bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch their delicate leaves, while insufficient light may result in faded color, poor growth, and failure to bloom. An east- or north-facing window is ideal, or a spot with filtered sunlight.","Watering":"Keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Water thoroughly when the top 2.5 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry, and ensure the pot drains well. Avoid letting the plant sit in water, as its roots are prone to rot. During winter, reduce watering frequency slightly but do not allow the soil to dry out completely.","Soil":"Prefers a light, well-aerated, and moisture-retentive potting mix. A mix of peat moss, perlite, and pine bark or a quality African violet soil mix works well. Good drainage is essential to avoid waterlogged roots.","Temperature":"Best grown in consistently warm conditions, ideally between 18–26°C (65–79°F). It is sensitive to cold drafts and should not be exposed to temperatures below 15°C (59°F). Sudden temperature fluctuations can cause leaf drop or bud failure.","Humidity":"This plant demands high humidity (60–80%) to thrive. In dry indoor air, especially during winter, supplement with a room humidifier, humidity tray, or regular misting. Brown leaf tips or curling may indicate insufficient humidity.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2 weeks during the growing season (spring to early autumn) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer at half strength. Reduce feeding during winter when growth slows. Avoid overfertilization, which can cause salt buildup in the soil.","Pruning":"Prune after flowering or when the plant becomes leggy. Cutting back stems encourages branching and a bushier appearance. Remove spent flower spikes and yellowing or damaged leaves to maintain a tidy, healthy look.","Propagation":"Propagated through stem cuttings taken in spring or early summer. Use clean, sharp shears to cut below a node, dip in rooting hormone if desired, and place in moist soil or water until roots develop. Maintain high humidity and warmth during propagation.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nAphelandra squarrosa is considered non-toxic to humans. It is safe to handle and poses no serious risk if accidentally touched or ingested in small quantities. However, like many tropical plants, its sap may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Washing hands after pruning or handling is recommended. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nZebra Plant is not considered toxic to cats or dogs by the ASPCA and other major toxic plant databases. However, ingestion of any plant material may lead to mild gastrointestinal upset in pets, including vomiting or diarrhea, simply due to the fibrous content or stomach irritation. Symptoms are typically mild and self-resolving, but veterinary attention is advised if reactions persist. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThere are no known hazardous compounds such as oxalates, saponins, or alkaloids in Aphelandra squarrosa that would pose significant danger to pets or people. The plant is generally safe but should still be kept out of reach of curious pets and small children."}
Barberton Daisy( Gerbera jamesonii) Asteraceae

162 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Plant lovers would usually call this plant "one of the most beautiful flowers!" And they would be right - this bright and elegant flower graces any garden (or home) with its captivating beauty.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Barberton Daisy, aka Gerbera, originates from South Africa, though you can find it in tropical regions of Asia as well. In areas with cooler climates, it can be grown indoors and outdoors.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The average length of the stem is 6 inches (15 cm). Probably, a lot of people know this plant because of its flowers. The flower head is 3-4 inches (7-10 cm) wide. It has many soft velvet petals. The blooming period lasts for 4-6 weeks.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Barberton Daisy is not toxic for cats and dogs.</p> {"Light":"Barberton Daisy prefers bright, direct light for at least 4–6 hours per day. Outdoors, it thrives in full sun. Indoors, place it near a sunny south- or west-facing window. Insufficient light can result in leggy growth and few or no blooms.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but never soggy. Water at the base to avoid wetting the crown, which is prone to rot. Allow the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering or poor drainage can quickly lead to fungal disease.","Soil":"Prefers a light, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. A high-quality potting mix amended with sand or perlite ensures adequate drainage. Avoid heavy, clay-based soils that retain excess moisture.","Temperature":"This daisy grows best in temperatures ranging from 18–24°C (65–75°F). It is sensitive to cold and should be protected from frost; temperatures below 10°C (50°F) may halt growth. In hot climates, some afternoon shade helps prevent leaf scorch.","Humidity":"Moderate humidity is ideal, but the Barberton Daisy can adapt to average household humidity levels. Good air circulation is essential to prevent fungal problems, especially around the crown and flower base.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–3 weeks during the growing season (spring through early fall) with a balanced liquid fertilizer or one higher in phosphorus to promote blooming. Over-fertilization can cause excessive leaf growth at the expense of flowers.","Pruning":"Remove spent flowers and yellowing leaves promptly to encourage new blooms and keep the plant tidy. Deadheading also reduces the risk of fungal disease. Avoid damaging the crown when pruning.","Propagation":"Propagation is usually done via seeds, which should be sown fresh for best germination. The plant can also be propagated by division during repotting, although care must be taken to avoid damaging the root crown.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nGerbera jamesonii is non-toxic to humans. It is considered safe for households and poses no known poisoning risks through touch or accidental ingestion. It is often used in floral arrangements without concern.\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nBarberton Daisy is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-safe choice for both gardens and homes. It does not contain harmful alkaloids, saponins, or oxalates typically associated with plant toxicity. However, ingestion of large amounts of plant material may cause mild stomach upset (such as vomiting or diarrhea) due to fiber or irritation. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThere are no toxic compounds of concern in Gerbera jamesonii. It is considered one of the safest flowering plants for both pets and humans."}
Common Houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum) Crassulaceae

163 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Common Houseleek is a testament to nature's artistry - with its rosette-like structure and unique ability to thrive in various conditions, this succulent would be a great indoor and outdoor companion.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Common Houseleek, also known as Sempervivum tectorum, is a succulent plant that can withstand harsh conditions. It's found in Southern Europe's mountainous regions and has a unique rosette growth pattern with fleshy, spoon-shaped leaves that form a tight circle, sometimes turning reddish or purplish. It's not very big, only reaching around 4-8 inches (10-20 cm), but it looks great on rocky outcrops and cliffs. The plant reproduces through small offsets emerging around the base of the mature rosette, creating a cluster of rosettes that resemble a mother hen surrounded by her chicks.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in full sun to partial shade, but prefers at least 6 hours of bright light daily. More sun results in compact growth and richer coloration. In hot climates, light afternoon shade helps prevent scorching. Indoors, a bright south-facing window is ideal.","Watering":"This succulent is drought-tolerant and prefers the “soak and dry” method. Water thoroughly when the soil is completely dry, then allow excess water to drain away. In summer, water every 1–2 weeks; in winter, reduce significantly. Overwatering can lead to root rot. Avoid watering the center of the rosette to prevent crown rot.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, gritty soil. A cactus or succulent mix is ideal. For DIY mixes, combine potting soil with coarse sand, perlite, or pumice. Avoid soils that retain moisture. Proper drainage is critical to prevent rot.","Temperature":"Sempervivum tectorum is exceptionally cold-hardy, tolerating temperatures as low as –30°C (–22°F). It also withstands high summer heat, making it suitable for a wide range of climates. Ideal growing temperatures range between 18–26°C (65–78°F). Avoid humid or overly wet environments.","Humidity":"Prefers dry to moderate humidity. High humidity can encourage fungal issues, particularly in poorly ventilated spaces. Ensure good airflow and avoid overhead watering in humid climates.","Fertilization":"\nHouseleeks are light feeders. Apply a diluted, balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) once during the active growing season (spring or early summer). Over-fertilization can weaken the plant and cause leggy growth.","Pruning":"Remove dead leaves and spent flower stalks to maintain appearance and encourage healthy growth. After flowering, the mother rosette will die; trim it away to give space for new offsets. Minimal pruning is otherwise required.","Propagation":"Easily propagated through offsets, commonly known as “chicks.” These baby rosettes form around the base of the mother plant and can be separated and replanted once they develop roots. Propagation through seed is also possible but slow and uncommon.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nSempervivum tectorum is considered non-toxic to humans. It has a history of medicinal use in folk remedies for treating minor burns, insect bites, and skin conditions. However, internal consumption is not advised unless under professional guidance, as effectiveness and safety are not well-established. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is generally non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is considered safe for homes with pets. Even if ingested, it rarely causes more than mild gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea or vomiting, and such reactions are uncommon. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThere are no known harmful compounds in Sempervivum tectorum. It does not contain oxalates, alkaloids, or other substances typically responsible for plant toxicity in pets or humans."}
Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) Apiaceae

164 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Parsley is a biennial plant of the genus Petroselinum of the Apiacee family. This herb is native to the countries of the Mediterranean. Parsley is widely cultivated in Europe, Asia, America, and Australia. It's a popular cooking ingredient in both dry and fresh form.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">In the first year of life, parsley forms a rosette of leaves and a white spindle-like root. In the second year, a long, ribbed, branched stem appears. The height of the stem is 12-40 inches (30-100 cm). The leaves of the plant are dark green, toothed, and triangular. The fruits are egg-shaped.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Petroselinum crispum blooms from June to July. This herb produces inflorescences of small yellow-green or white blossoms.</p> {"Light":"Parsley prefers full sun to partial shade. It thrives with at least 4–6 hours of sunlight daily. In very hot climates, it benefits from some afternoon shade. Indoors, a bright windowsill with southern or eastern exposure will help it stay lush and compact.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top 1–2 cm (about ½ inch) of soil begins to dry out. Avoid letting the soil dry out completely, especially in containers. Mulching can help retain moisture in outdoor beds.","Soil":"Parsley prefers well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter. A loamy or sandy loam soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0 is ideal. Adding compost or aged manure improves both nutrition and structure. Avoid heavy clay or waterlogged soils.","Temperature":"Parsley grows best in cool to moderate temperatures, ideally between 15–25°C (59–77°F). It can tolerate light frost and grows well in early spring and fall. In hot climates, the plant may bolt (go to seed) more quickly.","Humidity":"Parsley grows well in moderate humidity. Indoors, it will tolerate typical household humidity levels. Ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal problems, especially if grown densely.","Fertilization":"Feed parsley every 4–6 weeks with a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) during the growing season. Over-fertilizing, especially with high-nitrogen products, can lead to lush foliage with weaker flavor.","Pruning":"Harvest parsley by cutting stems at the base, rather than just plucking leaves, to encourage bushier growth. Regular harvesting prevents bolting and extends the productive life of the plant. Remove flower stalks if they appear to delay the plant’s transition into its reproductive stage.","Propagation":"Parsley is typically grown from seeds, which can take 2–4 weeks to germinate. Soaking seeds overnight before planting may improve germination rates. While it’s a biennial, it is generally grown as an annual and replaced yearly for best flavor and yield.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nParsley is safe and edible for humans in culinary amounts. In fact, it is high in vitamin K, vitamin C, and antioxidants. However, excessive consumption of parsley seeds or oil, which contain higher concentrations of compounds like apiol and myristicin, can be toxic and may cause symptoms like dizziness, liver or kidney irritation, or uterine contractions. Pregnant women should avoid large medicinal doses, especially of parsley seed or essential oil. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nParsley is generally safe for pets in small amounts. Ingesting a few leaves is unlikely to harm dogs or cats. However, large quantities—especially of the curly-leaf variety—contain furanocoumarins, which can be photosensitizing compounds. Ingesting too much, especially over time, could cause skin sensitivity to sunlight or mild gastrointestinal upset. It should not be used as a primary food source for pets.\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tFuranocoumarins: Found mostly in large amounts of curly parsley, may cause photosensitivity in animals. <br>\n\t•\tApiol and Myristicin: Found in high concentration in parsley oil or seeds, toxic in excessive doses to both humans and animals. <br>"}
Bitter Orange Tree (Citrus × Aurantium) Rutaceae

165 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Bitter orange, Seville orange, sour orange, bigarade orange, or marmalade orange is the citrus tree Citrus x aurantium and its fruit. It is native to Southeast Asia and has been spread by humans to many parts of the world. It is probably a cross between the pomelo, Citrus maxima, and the mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The extract of bitter orange (and bitter orange peel) has been marketed as dietary supplement purported to act as a weight-loss aid and appetite suppressant. Bitter orange contains the tyramine metabolites N-methyltyramine, octopamine, and synephrine, substances similar to epinephrine, which act on the al adrenergic receptor to constrict blood vessels and increase blood pressure and heart rate. Several low-quality clinical trials have had results of p-synephrine (alone or in combination with caffeine or some other substances increasing weight loss slightly.</p> {"Light":"Bitter Orange trees thrive in full sun, needing at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily to grow vigorously and produce fruit. In cooler climates, they should be placed in the sunniest, warmest location available, such as a south-facing wall or conservatory.","Watering":"Water deeply and consistently during the growing season, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Reduce watering in winter. Avoid waterlogging, which can cause root rot, and ensure the plant is in well-draining soil. Container-grown trees may require more frequent watering, especially in hot weather.","Soil":"Bitter Orange prefers well-drained, sandy loam with good fertility and a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0 to 7.0). It does not tolerate compacted or poorly draining soils. Adding compost or aged manure can improve both nutrition and soil structure.","Temperature":"The ideal growing temperature ranges between 18–32°C (65–90°F). While mature trees can tolerate brief light frosts (down to -2°C or 28°F), young trees and container-grown specimens should be protected or brought indoors in colder climates. Consistent warm temperatures support healthy fruit development.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity, ideally between 50–60%. Indoors, dry air can lead to leaf drop or pest problems, so occasional misting or use of a humidifier may help maintain adequate moisture levels in winter.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the active growing season with a balanced citrus fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and trace elements (like iron and manganese). Use a slow-release formula or liquid feed. Stop feeding in late autumn as the plant slows growth.","Pruning":"Prune in late winter or early spring to shape the tree and remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Remove any suckers (vigorous shoots from below the graft union) to preserve the desired fruiting variety. Thinning can improve air circulation and fruit production.","Propagation":"Bitter Orange is most commonly propagated via grafting onto hardy citrus rootstocks. It can also be grown from seeds, though seed-grown trees may not be true to type and take several years to fruit. Cuttings are possible but less common.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nBitter Orange fruit is generally safe when consumed in normal culinary quantities (such as marmalade or zest). However, concentrated extracts of bitter orange peel or synephrine-based supplements (used for weight loss or energy) have been linked to cardiovascular side effects, including high blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and increased risk of stroke or heart attack. Bitter Orange oil may also cause photosensitivity if applied to the skin before sun exposure. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid concentrated forms due to possible uterine stimulant effects. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nBitter Orange is toxic to pets, especially in concentrated forms such as essential oils or peel extract. Ingesting large quantities of the fruit, peel, or leaves may cause vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, or depression in cats and dogs. Citrus oils are particularly hazardous and should never be applied topically or offered orally to pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tSynephrine: A stimulant similar to ephedrine, found in the peel; may cause heart-related issues in high doses. <br>\n\t•\tLimonene & Linalool: Found in the peel and essential oil; can cause gastrointestinal or neurological symptoms in pets. <br>\n\t•\tFuranocoumarins: Can lead to photosensitivity and irritation in humans and animals."}
Donkey Tail Plant (Sedum morganianum) Crassulaceae

166 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Donkey Tail plant is adapted to living in arid regions. This succulent is a perennial producing trailing stems up to 60 cm long, with fleshy blue-green leaves and pink to red flowers that bloom in summer.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Mostly, the Donkey Tail plant is attractive when young, but as it matures, it loses its leaves and is left with a naked stem. But Sedum morganianum preserves its leaves with adequate care, creating a pleasing appearance. This plant contains toxic substances, so keep it away from children and pets.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Donkey Tail plant, like other members of its genus, can last approximately 6 months without water after "drinking" a lot of it after heavy rains. The plant was discovered in the dry parts of Mexico. Succulents thrive on steep rocky rocks in nature, anchoring their roots in fissures.</p> {"Light":"The Donkey Tail Plant prefers bright, indirect sunlight but can tolerate some direct sun, especially morning sun. Too much intense direct sunlight, particularly during the hottest hours, can cause leaf scorching or fading. Insufficient light results in leggy growth and loss of the compact, plump leaf appearance. A spot near an east or west-facing window is ideal.","Watering":"Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Typically, watering once every 2–3 weeks is sufficient, with reduced frequency during the winter dormant period. Overwatering can easily lead to root rot due to the succulent’s water-storing leaves and stems. Ensure the pot has excellent drainage and never allow water to sit at the base.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining succulent or cactus mix, typically composed of coarse sand, perlite, and organic matter. Good drainage is crucial to prevent root rot and maintain healthy growth. Avoid heavy, moisture-retentive soils.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures ranging from 18–29°C (65–85°F). It is sensitive to frost and should be kept above 10°C (50°F) to avoid cold damage. Sudden temperature drops or cold drafts can cause leaf drop and stress.","Humidity":"Prefers low to moderate humidity levels, around 30–50%. High humidity can increase the risk of fungal diseases and rot, so good air circulation is important, especially in humid climates or indoor environments.","Fertilization":"Feed lightly during the growing season (spring and summer) with a diluted, balanced fertilizer formulated for succulents, typically once a month. Avoid fertilizing in the dormant winter months. Over-fertilization can cause leggy or weak growth.","Pruning":"Pruning is generally not necessary but can be done to shape the plant or remove damaged or dead stems. Handle stems gently as the leaves are fragile and tend to fall off easily when touched.","Propagation":"Propagates easily from leaf or stem cuttings. Simply remove a healthy leaf or stem segment, allow it to callus over for a few days, then place it on or slightly in well-draining soil. Roots will develop within a few weeks, making it an easy plant to multiply.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Donkey Tail Plant is non-toxic to humans. It is safe to keep in homes with children and poses no poisoning risk if accidentally touched or ingested. However, ingestion of large amounts is not recommended as it may cause minor stomach upset. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nSedum morganianum is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-safe succulent choice. While the plant is safe, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort such as vomiting or diarrhea due to its fibrous nature. There are no known harmful compounds in this species affecting pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThis species does not contain toxic alkaloids, saponins, or oxalates commonly associated with poisonous plants. It is considered safe and non-irritating upon contact or ingestion in typical household amounts."}
Peach (Prunus persica) Rosaceae

167 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Planting a Peach tree in your yard is a wonderful idea if you love these fruits. With a variety of options available, you can grow your favorite peaches right in your backyard, enjoying the sweet, juicy fruit in various ways: pies, deserts, teas, and many others. These trees not only provide delicious fruit but also add beauty to your landscape with their pink to reddish blooms in spring and attractive foliage. From beautiful spring flowers to lush summer foliage, and golden fall colors, peach trees are a delightful sight throughout the seasons.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Prunus persica, native to China, are low, broad trees with a rounded crown and dark green lance-shaped leaves. They grow fast but have a relatively short lifespan. In.early-mid spring, they produce showy flowers ranging from white to red, with a pleasant fragrance. The 3-inch (7.5 cm) fruits ripen in summer, which is its main identification feature. In the fall, the deciduous leaves turn a deep golden yellow, adding to the tree's charm. The blossoms are bright pink or sometimes lavender or creamy white, with a mild floral scent.</p> {"Light":"Peach trees require full sun to thrive and produce high-quality fruits. At least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily is essential for optimal flowering, fruit development, and sugar content. Insufficient light can lead to poor fruit set and reduced vigor.","Watering":"Peach trees need regular watering, especially during flowering, fruit set, and ripening. Deep watering every 7–10 days is recommended, depending on soil and climate. Avoid waterlogging, which can cause root rot and other diseases. Mulching helps retain soil moisture and regulate temperature.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, fertile soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH of 6.0 to 7.0. Loamy or sandy soils enriched with organic matter provide ideal conditions. Good drainage is critical to prevent root diseases. Heavy clay or poorly drained soils should be avoided or amended for improved drainage.","Temperature":"Peach trees grow best in temperate climates with cold winters and warm summers. They require a period of winter chill (temperatures between 0–7°C or 32–45°F) for proper dormancy and flower bud development. Ideal growing temperatures range from 20–30°C (68–86°F) during the growing season. Extreme cold below -15°C (5°F) can damage buds and wood, while excessive heat and drought stress can reduce fruit quality.","Humidity":"Peach trees prefer moderate humidity. High humidity combined with poor air circulation can encourage fungal diseases like peach leaf curl and powdery mildew, so proper spacing and pruning to improve airflow are essential.","Fertilization":"Apply balanced fertilizers rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium during the early growing season. Typically, fertilization is done in early spring before new growth and again after fruit set. Avoid excessive nitrogen, which can lead to lush foliage but poor fruiting. Soil tests can guide specific nutrient management.","Pruning":"Regular pruning is crucial to maintain tree shape, encourage sunlight penetration, and improve fruit quality. Prune in late winter while the tree is dormant by removing dead, diseased, or crossing branches and thinning dense growth. Summer pruning may be done to control vigor and remove water sprouts.","Propagation":"Peach trees are commonly propagated by grafting onto rootstocks to ensure fruit quality and disease resistance. They can also be grown from seeds, but this method is less reliable for maintaining desired traits. Hardwood cuttings and budding are alternative propagation methods.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nThe peach tree itself is not toxic to humans; the fruit is widely consumed globally. However, the seeds or pits contain amygdalin, a compound that can release cyanide when metabolized. Ingesting large quantities of crushed or chewed peach pits can be harmful or even fatal. The flesh of the fruit is safe to eat, but seeds should always be discarded or kept away from children. Additionally, the leaves and bark contain small amounts of toxic compounds and should not be ingested.\n\n<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nPeach fruits are generally non-toxic to pets in small amounts, but seeds/pits pose a risk if chewed or swallowed due to cyanogenic compounds. Pets consuming peach pits can suffer from cyanide poisoning, causing symptoms like difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, and lethargy. The flesh may cause mild gastrointestinal upset if eaten in excess. The leaves and bark are also considered toxic if ingested by pets and should be kept out of reach. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe primary toxic compound in peach pits, leaves, and bark is amygdalin, which can release cyanide when digested. This makes these parts of the plant hazardous if consumed in significant quantities. The fruit flesh itself contains no toxic substances and is safe for consumption.\n"}
Emerald Ripple(Peperomia caperata) Piperaceae

168 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Emerald Ripple is a tropical plant born in the jungles. It may surprise you that this cute pet with succulent heart-shaped crinkled leaves is actually a Radiator Plant.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Emerald Ripple, also known as Little Fantasy Pepper, Green ripple peperomia, or ivy-leaf Peperomia, is an evergreen plant native to the South American tropics.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">It belongs to the Piperaceae (pepper) family and got its common name from the dark color of its leaves, which reminds of the black pepper plant Piper nigrum. The plant has a wrinkled, wavy texture of the leaves, which are so dark they almost appear purple, and slender spikes of small greenish-white flowers; etoiles are usually pinkish to reddish. Emerald Ripple is commonly used as an interior specimen or a desktop plant.</p> {"Light":"Emerald Ripple thrives best in bright, indirect light but can tolerate low to medium light conditions. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch its delicate leaves and cause fading or browning. In lower light, leaf coloration may be less intense, but the plant will still remain healthy.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–3 centimeters of soil feel dry to the touch. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so ensure the soil dries out moderately between waterings. Water thoroughly, allowing excess to drain, but never let the plant sit in standing water. During winter, reduce watering frequency since the plant’s growth slows down.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, peat-based potting mix often enriched with perlite or orchid bark to improve aeration. The soil should retain some moisture but never remain soggy. A standard houseplant mix amended with additional drainage material works well.","Temperature":"It prefers consistent indoor temperatures between 18–24°C (65–75°F). Avoid exposure to temperatures below 13°C (55°F) and protect it from cold drafts or sudden temperature fluctuations. It is a tropical plant and does not tolerate frost.","Humidity":"Emerald Ripple prefers moderate humidity levels around 40–60%. While it tolerates average indoor humidity, higher humidity promotes better leaf texture and vibrancy. You can increase humidity by placing the pot on a pebble tray with water or occasional misting, especially in dry environments.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the active growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer at half strength. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can cause leaf burn or weak growth. No feeding is necessary in fall and winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Pruning is minimal but can be done to remove any yellowing or damaged leaves to maintain a tidy appearance. Pinching back stems encourages a fuller, bushier plant.","Propagation":"Propagation is most easily done via leaf cuttings or stem cuttings. Simply take a healthy leaf with a bit of stem, place it in moist soil or water, and roots will develop within a few weeks. Division of the plant clumps is also possible during repotting.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nPeperomia caperata is considered non-toxic to humans. It is safe to keep indoors around children and adults, posing no risk if accidentally touched or ingested. There are no known harmful compounds in its leaves, stems, or roots that affect humans.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is also non-toxic to pets, including cats and dogs. If ingested, it may cause only mild, temporary digestive upset such as vomiting or diarrhea due to fiber content but is not harmful or life-threatening. Its pet-safe status makes it a great choice for households with animals.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nPeperomia caperata does not contain alkaloids, saponins, oxalates, or other compounds typically responsible for plant toxicity. This lack of toxic substances ensures it is safe for humans and pets alike."}
Moth Orchid(Phalaenopsis × Singuliflora) Orchidaceae

171 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The mesmerizing beauty of the Moth Orchid has been enchanting amateur and professional plant lovers for decades. Whether you'd like to add some tropics to your space or simply refresh the dwelling, this Orchid species can come in handy.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Commonly known as Moth Orchid, Phalaenopsis x Singuliflora is a cultivar of Phalaenopsis bellina and Phalaenopsis sumatrana species. Native to Borneo island, this flowering plant feels best in a humid, tropical climate. Moth Orchid usually reaches 6-8 in (15-20 cm) tall and blooms with 5-petalled variegated flowers in late spring. The blooms consist of 5 ovate-shaped wavy petals and a column in the middle. The flower coloring can vary from white through yellow to purple, organized in a horizontally-lined pattern.</p> {"Light":"Moth Orchids prefer bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can cause leaf burn, so placing them near an east or west-facing window with filtered light is ideal. If leaves turn dark green, the plant may be receiving too little light, while yellowish or reddish leaves indicate too much light.","Watering":"Water the orchid thoroughly once the potting medium feels dry to the touch, usually every 7–10 days. Avoid letting the plant sit in water to prevent root rot. Misting can increase humidity but should not soak the leaves or crown to prevent fungal issues.","Soil":"Use a well-draining orchid mix, typically made of bark, sphagnum moss, and perlite to provide good aeration and moisture retention without waterlogging the roots. Repotting is usually needed every 1–2 years or when the medium breaks down.","Temperature":"They thrive in temperatures between 18–30°C (65–85°F) during the day and prefer slightly cooler nights around 15–18°C (59–65°F) to encourage blooming. Avoid temperatures below 12°C (54°F) or above 35°C (95°F).","Humidity":"Prefers high humidity levels around 50–70%. If indoor air is dry, increase humidity using a humidifier, pebble tray with water, or by grouping plants together.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2 weeks during active growth with a balanced orchid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce feeding frequency during winter or dormancy periods.","Pruning":"After flowering, prune the flower spike above a node to encourage possible reblooming. Remove any dead or yellowing leaves to maintain plant health.","Propagation":"Propagation is mainly done by tissue culture commercially, but hobbyists can propagate by keiki (baby plant) removal from flower spikes when they develop.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nMoth Orchid is non-toxic to humans. It is safe to keep indoors and poses no poisoning risk if touched or accidentally ingested. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis orchid is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a safe choice for pet owners. Ingesting small parts may cause minor stomach upset but is generally harmless. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThere are no known toxic compounds in Phalaenopsis × Singuliflora. It is considered safe around children and pets."}
Philodendron Birkin Araceae

175 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Philodendron Birkin is an absolutely stunning Philodendron with beautiful white pinstriped leaves. This is a somewhat smaller, more manageable variety of Philodendron. When allowed to climb, the maturing foliage can grow 6 to 8 inches in diameter.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Birkin Variegata is one of the smaller philodendrons. This fast clumping variety of philodendron has leaves that reach 6 to 8 inches at maturity and can quickly form bushy clumps. Though Birkin Variegata is actually a climbing variety it can maintain its bushy form by simply trimming it back once or twice per year. These are very healthy tropical plants with well established root systems. The growth rate and leaf color of Birkin Variegata will vary greatly depending on soil type, sunlight, temperature and other factors. A few leaves are often trimmed prior to shipping to reduce transpiration and travel stress.</p> {"Light":"Philodendron Birkin thrives in bright, indirect light. It can tolerate moderate light levels but variegation tends to fade in low light. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves or cause the variegation to brown.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–3 centimeters of soil feel dry. Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot; ensure excess water drains well. During winter, reduce watering frequency as the plant’s growth slows.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, aerated potting mix rich in organic matter. A mix of peat, perlite, and orchid bark works well to retain moisture but prevent waterlogging.","Temperature":"Ideal temperatures are between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It should be kept away from cold drafts and temperatures below 15°C (59°F), as it is sensitive to cold.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity levels (around 50-70%). In dry environments, increase humidity by misting, using a humidifier, or placing the pot on a pebble tray with water.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Do not fertilize during the dormant winter months.","Pruning":"Remove any yellow or damaged leaves to keep the plant healthy and attractive. Pinching back the growing tips can encourage bushier growth.","Propagation":"\nPropagation is commonly done by stem cuttings. Cut a healthy stem with at least one node and place it in water or moist soil until roots develop, then transplant to a pot.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nPhilodendron Birkin contains calcium oxalate crystals, which are sharp, needle-like compounds found in many aroids. If ingested, these crystals can cause irritation and a burning sensation in the mouth, throat, and digestive tract. Symptoms may include swelling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort, so it should be kept out of reach of young children to prevent accidental ingestion. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is toxic to cats and dogs because it contains calcium oxalate crystals. If pets chew or ingest parts of the plant, they may experience oral irritation, excessive drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. In severe cases, veterinary attention may be required. It is best to keep the Philodendron Birkin in a location inaccessible to pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nCalcium oxalate crystals are the primary toxic agents in Philodendron Birkin, responsible for its irritant effects on mucous membranes and skin in sensitive individuals or animals."}
Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) Cucurbitaceae

176 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Let's delve into the colorful world of Pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo). These annual plants come in various shapes and hues, but they're best recognized by their big, round bodies and ridged, orange stems.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Pumpkins belong to the squash family Cucurbitacee. Their name traces back to the Greek words "kookos" (pumpkin) and "pepon" (ripe). Pumpkins are not just garden eye candy; they're incredibly versatile in the kitchen, making appearances in various colors and types.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Look out for those telltale identification signs: a plump, round physique with that signature ribbed, orange stem. The stem is typically slender, while the pumpkin itself is smooth and robust.</p> {"Light":"Pumpkins require full sun, needing at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth and fruit development.","Watering":"Pumpkins need consistent moisture, especially during flowering and fruit set. Water deeply once or twice a week, ensuring soil stays moist but not waterlogged. Mulching helps retain soil moisture and prevent weeds.","Soil":"Prefers well-drained, fertile soil rich in organic matter with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Pumpkins thrive in loose, sandy loam or loamy soil that allows root expansion.","Temperature":"They grow best in warm temperatures between 18–30°C (65–85°F) and are sensitive to frost. Night temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can harm growth.","Humidity":"They tolerate a range of humidity but grow best in moderate humidity environments. High humidity combined with wet foliage can increase the risk of fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Pumpkins are heavy feeders. Use a balanced fertilizer rich in nitrogen during early growth, then switch to phosphorus and potassium as fruits begin to develop to promote flowering and fruit quality.","Pruning":"Generally, pumpkins are not heavily pruned; however, removing damaged or diseased leaves can help maintain plant health and air circulation.","Propagation":"Propagated by seeds sown directly into the garden or started indoors before transplanting. Seeds germinate best in warm soil above 18°C (65°F).","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nPumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) is non-toxic to humans and is widely consumed as food. Both the flesh and seeds are edible and nutritious, often used in cooking and baking. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nPumpkin is generally safe for cats and dogs when fed in moderation, often used to aid digestion or as a dietary supplement. However, raw seeds or large quantities might cause mild stomach upset in some pets. Avoid giving pumpkin with added spices or additives. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nPumpkin does not contain any toxic compounds harmful to humans or pets. However, caution should be taken to avoid moldy or spoiled pumpkin which can cause digestive issues."}
Aloe Yucca (Yucca aloifolia) Asparagaceae

177 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Dive into the world of Aloe Yucca - a succulent with a flair for drama! This botanical warrior not only survives but thrives indoors and is a great spiky centerpiece for any garden.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Meet Aloe Yucca (or Yucca aloifolia), the succulent that has a bunch of sword-like leaves, standing tall at around 3 to 4 feet (90-120 cm), creating a silhouette that's hard to miss. The whole plant can grow to be 5-10 feet (1.5-3 meters). Those dark green, leathery blades?</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">They're not just there to look cool - they're a sign of toughness. The flowers are white, shaped like bells and have a size of around 1-1.25 (2.5-3 cm) long. They have green or purple tints and hang down from a branched inflorescence called a panicle. As the seasons come and go, Aloe Yucca stays strong, a green beacon in the shifting sands of indoor and outdoor gardens.</p> {"Light":"Aloe Yucca prefers full sun to light shade. It thrives best with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily, which helps maintain its compact shape and strong leaf color.","Watering":"This plant is drought-tolerant and requires infrequent watering. Water deeply but allow the soil to dry completely between watering to prevent root rot. Overwatering can be fatal.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, sandy or rocky soil with low organic matter content. Yucca aloifolia is adapted to poor soils but prefers slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.5). Good drainage is essential to avoid waterlogged roots.","Temperature":"It grows well in warm climates between 15–30°C (59–86°F) but can tolerate brief cold spells down to about -7°C (19°F) once established. Frost protection is recommended for young plants in colder regions.","Humidity":"Tolerates low humidity typical of dry, coastal, or desert-like environments but adapts well to average household humidity levels.","Fertilization":"Fertilize sparingly, once or twice during the growing season, using a balanced, slow-release fertilizer diluted to half strength. Over-fertilization can cause weak growth.","Pruning":"Prune to remove dead or damaged leaves and spent flower stalks to keep the plant tidy. Use caution due to the sharp leaf tips.","Propagation":"Propagated by stem cuttings, suckers (offshoots), or seeds. Offshoots can be separated from the base and planted independently. Cuttings root well in dry soil.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nYucca aloifolia contains saponins, natural soap-like compounds present mainly in the roots and leaves. While not highly toxic, ingestion of large amounts can cause mild gastrointestinal irritation such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Skin contact with the sap may cause irritation or allergic dermatitis in sensitive individuals. It is advisable to handle the plant carefully and avoid ingesting any part. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is considered toxic to cats and dogs due to its saponin content. If ingested, pets may exhibit symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and lethargy. In severe cases, more serious digestive distress or neurological symptoms may occur. Pets should be prevented from chewing or consuming any part of the Aloe Yucca. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nSaponins are the primary toxic compounds responsible for the plant’s mild toxicity and irritant effects. These compounds act as natural deterrents to herbivores but are not typically fatal unless consumed in very large quantities."}
Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae) Orchidaceae

178 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Orchids are some of the most commonly grown houseplants. Provided they have proper growing conditions, it isn't difficult to learn how to take care of orchid plants. Care of indoor orchid plants is easy once you learn how to grow them properly. These interesting flowers can be found in a range of colors and sizes depending on the variety. They make excellent accent plantings to nearly any home décor. Orchids require little care once all their basic needs are met such as light, temperature, and humidity.</p> {"Light":"Phalaenopsis orchids thrive in bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight, especially during midday, can scorch their leaves, so an east-facing window or filtered light through a curtain is ideal. Insufficient light can delay or prevent flowering.","Watering":"Water when the potting medium is nearly dry, typically about once a week depending on environmental conditions. Overwatering can lead to root rot; therefore, ensure excellent drainage and never allow the plant to sit in water. The roots should feel firm and silvery-green when ready for watering.","Soil":"Phalaenopsis requires a well-aerated orchid mix composed of bark chips, sphagnum moss, perlite, or charcoal. This substrate provides good airflow and moisture retention without becoming soggy, unlike regular potting soil, which holds too much water and suffocates the roots.","Temperature":"Optimal growth occurs between 18–29°C (65–85°F) during the day, with nighttime temperatures not dropping below 15°C (59°F). A slight drop in nighttime temperature helps stimulate blooming. These orchids prefer stable, warm conditions without drafts or sudden temperature changes.","Humidity":"They thrive in moderate to high humidity levels (50–70%). If the air is dry, especially indoors during winter, use a humidity tray, humidifier, or mist the leaves regularly to maintain adequate moisture levels around the plant.","Fertilization":"Feed with a diluted, balanced orchid fertilizer every two weeks during active growth (spring and summer), using 1/4 to 1/2 of the recommended strength. Reduce feeding in the cooler months when the plant’s growth slows down.","Pruning":"After the flowers fade, you can trim the flower spike just above a visible node to encourage a secondary bloom. If the spike turns brown or yellow, prune it back to the base of the plant to redirect energy into new growth.","Propagation":"Phalaenopsis orchids propagate mainly through keikis, which are small plantlets that sometimes form on flower spikes or stems. When the keiki has developed roots about 2–3 inches long, it can be carefully removed and potted separately to grow into a new plant.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nPhalaenopsis orchids are non-toxic to humans. They are safe to keep indoors and pose no poisoning risk if accidentally touched or ingested. No harmful compounds are known to be present in these orchids, making them an excellent choice for households with children. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nPhalaenopsis orchids are non-toxic to cats and dogs as well, making them a pet-friendly houseplant. While ingestion of any plant material might cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea due to fiber content or foreign matter, these orchids do not contain toxic alkaloids, saponins, or oxalates that commonly cause serious poisoning. Therefore, they are considered safe for households with pets.\n\n<br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNo significant toxic compounds have been identified in Phalaenopsis orchids. Unlike many other ornamental plants, they do not produce alkaloids, saponins, or calcium oxalate crystals that could be harmful if ingested or touched."}
Plumeria Flore Roseo Odoratissimo (Plumeria Rubra) Apocynaceae

179 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Plumeria rubra L. (Apocynaceae) is a deciduous ornamental tree species with fragrant flowers native to Mexico, Central America, Colombia and Venezuela but also cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries. The plant is known to possess biological activities viz, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antialgal, larvicidal, molluscicidal, piscicidal, nematicidal, antioxidative and free radical scavenging, hypolipidemic, proteolytic, cytotoxic, abortifacient activities etc. A number of phyto-constituents are reported from the plant which signifies biological activities and diverse ethnomedicinal uses of this plant species.</p> {"Light":"Plumeria thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily for healthy growth and prolific flowering. Insufficient sunlight will result in fewer blooms and leggy growth. In cooler regions, it should be grown in containers and moved indoors during winter.","Watering":"During the active growing season (spring and summer), water regularly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. The plant prefers a moderate but consistent watering schedule. Reduce watering in the fall, and keep the soil barely moist during the winter dormancy period when the leaves have dropped. Overwatering in dormancy may lead to root rot.","Soil":"Plumeria prefers well-draining, sandy or loamy soil. A cactus or succulent potting mix with added perlite or coarse sand works well in containers. Good drainage is essential to prevent root rot. The soil should be slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0–7.0).","Temperature":"Being a tropical plant, Plumeria rubra prefers warm temperatures between 21–32°C (70–90°F). It does not tolerate frost, and temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can damage or kill the plant. In colder climates, it should be overwintered indoors or in a greenhouse.","Humidity":"This plant enjoys moderate humidity but is adaptable to drier conditions if watered properly. High humidity supports lush foliage and robust growth, especially in the growing season, but it must be balanced with excellent airflow to prevent fungal issues.","Fertilization":"Feed with a high-phosphorus fertilizer (such as 10-30-10) during the growing season to promote abundant blooming. Fertilize every 2–4 weeks from early spring through late summer. Stop fertilization in fall and winter when the plant enters dormancy.","Pruning":"Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins to shape the plant and encourage branching. Remove any dead, damaged, or crowded branches. Be cautious—Plumeria contains a milky sap that can irritate the skin.","Propagation":"Plumeria is easily propagated through stem cuttings, which should be taken in late spring or early summer. Allow cuttings to dry and callous for several days before planting in well-draining soil. It can also be grown from seed, although flowering may take several years from seed-grown plants.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nPlumeria rubra is considered mildly toxic to humans. The milky latex sap contains irritant compounds such as triterpenoids and glycosides. Contact with the sap can cause skin irritation or dermatitis, and ingestion of any part of the plant (especially sap) may result in nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Care should be taken when pruning or propagating. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nPlumeria rubra is toxic to pets if ingested. The milky sap can cause vomiting, drooling, diarrhea, and general gastrointestinal distress in cats and dogs. Severe reactions are rare but possible if large quantities are consumed. It’s best to keep the plant out of reach of curious pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nContains irritant latex sap, which includes triterpenes and plumericin-like compounds. These compounds are not usually life-threatening but can be unpleasant if ingested or if sap contacts the eyes or open skin."}
Florist's Daisy( Chrysanthemum morifolium) Asteraceae

180 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Most people know Chrysanthemum Morifolium as cut flowers in bouquets and vases, but they can also be wonderful additions to a garden or patio. These fall-blooming plants can add a strong pop of color and interest to anyone's garden design, as they come in many different colors.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Chrysanthemum Morifolium belongs to the family of Asteraceae. In the right conditions, they can reach 3 feet (90 cm) in height quickly. In the fall, they put out vibrant and colorful blooms that can grow up to 6 inches wide (20 cm).</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The plants have been around for thousands of years. Chrysanthemums have been an essential part of ancient Chinese culture since 500. B.C. Here, the blooms were used for their medicinal properties. Nowadays, however, the plant is almost explicitly grown for decoration.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Chrysanthemum morifolium is a hybrid species of Chrysanthemum. This means that the plant has been cross-bred to obtain specific characteristics.</p> {"Light":"Florist’s Daisies prefer full sun for at least 5–6 hours daily. Indoors, they should be placed near a bright window with indirect but ample light. Insufficient sunlight may result in leggy growth and reduced blooming.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry, especially during the blooming season. Avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal diseases on the leaves. In containers, ensure proper drainage to prevent root rot.","Soil":"Thrives in well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0) is ideal. In containers, use a high-quality potting mix with good aeration. Avoid compacted or heavy clay soils.","Temperature":"Ideal growing temperatures range between 15–24°C (59–75°F). While they can tolerate mild chill, they are sensitive to frost. In cooler climates, mums are treated as annuals or overwintered indoors. Sudden temperature drops can negatively affect flowering and foliage health.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity levels, around 40–60%. While relatively tolerant to indoor humidity fluctuations, overly dry air can lead to browning edges on leaves and premature bud drop. Maintain good air circulation to prevent fungal issues.","Fertilization":"Fertilize every 2–3 weeks during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 or 20-20-20). Reduce feeding as the plant approaches dormancy. Avoid over-fertilizing, as it can promote foliage over flowers.","Pruning":"To encourage bushy growth and more blooms, pinch back the growing tips in early summer. Stop pinching around mid-July to allow flower buds to form. Remove faded flowers regularly (deadheading) to prolong blooming and keep the plant tidy.","Propagation":"Florist’s Daisies can be propagated through stem cuttings, division, or seeds. The most common method is stem cuttings taken in spring or early summer. Division is also effective in established garden mums every 2–3 years to rejuvenate growth.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nChrysanthemum morifolium is generally non-toxic to humans, though it may cause mild skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals due to its natural pyrethrins and sesquiterpene lactones. The sap can be irritating to those with plant allergies or dermatitis. Ingestion of large amounts may cause stomach upset, though this is rare. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nFlorist’s Daisies are considered toxic to pets. If ingested, they can cause vomiting, diarrhea, excessive salivation, lack of coordination, and dermatitis in dogs and cats. The severity of symptoms depends on the quantity consumed. Immediate veterinary consultation is recommended if symptoms are observed. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nContains pyrethrins, sesquiterpene lactones, and other essential oils that act as natural insect repellents but are toxic when ingested by animals or cause skin irritation in some people and pets."}
Augustine Grass( Stenotaphrum secundatum) Poaceae

181 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Augustine Grass is totally trending in the world of landscaping! This grass is super cool because it looks amazing, and you don't have to do much to take care of it. It's perfect for outdoor spaces and is becoming more and more popular.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Augustine Grass, also known as Stenotaphrum secundatum, is a kind of grass that grows during warm weather. It's native to the Great Plains region of North America and looks really cool with its blue-green color and fine texture. It grows in a thick turf, spreading through runners that root at the nodes. Augustine Grass has broad, flat blades reaching 6-8 inches (15-20 cm) long. When actively growing, from late spring to early fall, Augustine Grass is lush and green. But when it's cold or there's drought, it might go dormant and turn brownish-yellow until it gets better.</p> {"Light":"Augustine Grass grows best in full sun to partial shade. While it can tolerate more shade than many other warm-season grasses (such as Bermuda Grass), it still requires at least 4–6 hours of sunlight per day to maintain healthy, dense growth. In too much shade, it may become thin and susceptible to disease.","Watering":"St. Augustine Grass requires moderate to high watering, especially during hot, dry periods. A deep, infrequent watering schedule is recommended—typically 2.5–3.5 cm (1–1.5 inches) of water per week, including rainfall. Overwatering or poor drainage can lead to fungal problems such as brown patch and gray leaf spot.","Soil":"It prefers well-drained, loamy or sandy soils with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5. Although tolerant of a variety of soil types, it does poorly in compacted or heavy clay soils unless they are amended. Good drainage is essential to avoid root and stolon rot.","Temperature":"This grass thrives in warm climates, ideally within a temperature range of 25–35°C (77–95°F). It grows most actively during late spring through summer. It is not cold-hardy and is sensitive to frost, which can cause browning or dormancy. In temperate regions, it may need re-establishment after winter dieback.","Humidity":"Augustine Grass does well in humid environments and tolerates salt spray, making it a suitable choice for coastal regions. Prolonged periods of high humidity combined with poor airflow may increase its risk of fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Fertilize during the active growing season with a nitrogen-rich lawn fertilizer, ideally 3–4 times a year. Avoid fertilizing during dormancy. Over-fertilization can cause excessive thatch buildup and promote pest and disease issues.","Pruning":"Mow regularly to maintain a height of 5–10 cm (2–4 inches). Avoid removing more than one-third of the grass blade at a time. Mowing too short (scalping) can weaken the turf and expose it to weeds and stress.","Propagation":"St. Augustine Grass does not produce viable seeds commercially and is propagated through sod, plugs, or stolons. It spreads rapidly through above-ground runners and can establish well if properly maintained and watered during early growth.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nSt. Augustine Grass is non-toxic to humans and is generally safe for families with children. However, as with most grasses, some individuals with grass allergies may experience skin irritation or respiratory symptoms when exposed to fresh clippings or pollen. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis grass is considered non-toxic to pets, including cats and dogs. It is safe for lawns where pets play or rest. However, ingestion of large quantities (especially fresh-cut grass) may occasionally cause mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting or diarrhea) in pets due to indigestible fiber, but this is not a toxic reaction. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of toxicological concern. It does not contain alkaloids, saponins, or oxalates found in many other ornamental plants."}
Trailing Jade( Peperomia rotundifolia) Piperaceae

182 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Peperomia rotundifolia is a trailing perennial and a delicate and beautiful flower with small, round, green leaves, like coins. These cultured evergreen herbaceous plants have thick fleshy shoots, just like the other ones of the Peperomia genus.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">P. rotundifolia (the trailing jade is the common name) is an openwork species that grows in the form of a thick cushion with small round leaves painted in a juicy green tone, seeming almost to have a metallic sheen. It originates in South American rainforests.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light but can tolerate lower light conditions better than many trailing plants. Avoid direct sunlight, especially in the afternoon, as it can scorch the tender leaves. In low light, the plant may become leggy and lose some of its compact form.","Watering":"Allow the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of the soil to dry out between waterings. This plant stores some moisture in its leaves, making it moderately drought-tolerant. Overwatering is a common issue and may lead to root rot or yellowing leaves. Water less frequently in winter. Use a pot with proper drainage holes.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining potting mix, such as a blend designed for succulents or a mix of peat moss, perlite, and orchid bark. Avoid heavy soils that retain excess moisture, which can cause the roots to rot.","Temperature":"Best grown in temperatures ranging from 18–27°C (65–80°F). Avoid exposure to temperatures below 10°C (50°F), as it is sensitive to cold drafts and frost. It prefers stable indoor temperatures and should be kept away from vents, heaters, or windows with fluctuating temperatures.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity (around 40–60%), but it adapts well to average household humidity. In particularly dry climates or during winter heating, occasional misting or a nearby humidity tray may help maintain leaf health.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer at half strength. Reduce or stop feeding in the fall and winter when growth slows down. Overfertilization can lead to salt buildup and root burn.","Pruning":"Prune lightly to control leggy growth and maintain a full, bushy appearance. Pinching off the stem tips encourages branching. Dead or damaged leaves should be removed to maintain plant health and appearance.","Propagation":"Easily propagated through stem cuttings. Simply snip a few healthy stems, allow the ends to callous for a few hours, and plant them in moist potting mix or water. Roots typically develop within a few weeks, and the new plant can then be potted.","Poisonous":"✅ Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nPeperomia rotundifolia is non-toxic to humans. It is considered safe for all age groups and does not pose a poisoning risk if accidentally touched or ingested. However, as with any plant, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort due to plant fibers.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-safe option for households with curious animals. It does not contain harmful compounds such as oxalates, alkaloids, or saponins. In rare cases, ingestion of large amounts may lead to mild stomach upset (e.g., vomiting or soft stools), but this is not dangerous.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNone of toxicological concern. The plant lacks known irritants or hazardous phytochemicals and is generally recognized as safe by botanical and veterinary references."}
Busy Lizzie (Impatiens walleriana) Balsaminaceae

183 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The herbaceous plant Busy Lizzy is a member of the Balsaminaceae family. The plant is native to Asia and Africa. It prefers to grow in tropical climates.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The bush grows to about 2 feet in height (0.6 m). Its shoots are decorated with pale red or dark green alternately arranged leaf plates. They are quite wide and have a serrated edge.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Its solitary flowers can be single or double. They have a vibrant hue that can vary greatly (except for blue and yellow shades). When the blossom fades, the plant produces a capsule-shaped fruit in its stead. It opens easily after ripening, and many little seeds fall out.</p> {"Light":"Busy Lizzie thrives in bright, indirect light or partial shade. In hot climates, it performs best in areas that receive morning sun and afternoon shade. Too much direct sunlight, especially during peak hours, can scorch the leaves and reduce blooming. In lower light, flowering may slow but the plant will still grow.","Watering":"Water regularly to keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Busy Lizzie has high water needs, especially in warm weather, but it does not tolerate standing water. Allow the top 1–2 cm (0.5–1 inch) of soil to dry before watering again. During hot spells or in containers, daily watering may be necessary.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, fertile soil that retains moisture. A rich potting mix with compost or organic matter works well. It prefers a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0). Good drainage is essential to prevent root rot.","Temperature":"Ideal growing temperatures range from 16–24°C (60–75°F). This plant is sensitive to cold and should be protected from temperatures below 10°C (50°F). It is not frost-hardy and should be treated as an annual in temperate regions or brought indoors during winter months.","Humidity":"Busy Lizzie enjoys moderate to high humidity (50–70%). It thrives in humid environments and may suffer from browning leaf edges or wilting in dry indoor air. Grouping plants together or using a humidity tray can help raise local humidity.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Excessive fertilization can lead to lush foliage at the expense of blooms, so use sparingly in fall and winter.","Pruning":"Pinch back the growing tips regularly to encourage bushier growth and prevent legginess. Remove spent blooms and yellowing leaves to promote continuous flowering and maintain appearance.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by stem cuttings or from seeds. Cuttings root quickly in water or moist soil, while seeds can be started indoors 8–10 weeks before the last frost. Ensure warmth and humidity for successful germination.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nImpatiens walleriana is non-toxic to humans. It is safe for household environments, even if accidentally touched or ingested in small amounts. The plant does not contain harmful compounds typically associated with plant poisoning.\n\n<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis species is generally non-toxic to pets, including cats and dogs. The ASPCA does not list it as harmful, and ingestion is not expected to cause serious health issues. However, consuming large quantities may lead to mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea due to the fibrous plant material. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of significant concern. Busy Lizzie does not contain alkaloids, oxalates, or irritant saponins, making it a relatively safe ornamental choice for family homes and pet owners."}
Common Asparagus Fern (Asparagus setaceus) Asparagaceae

184 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">It's hard to find another plant like the Common Asparagus Fern, which is why having one around the house or office is so rewarding. If you give it the attention it needs, it will flourish and please you for many years.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Picture a houseplant that's both graceful and beautifully lush, and you've got the Common Asparagus Fern (scientifically known as Asparagus setaceus). This charming plant brings a touch of elegance and greenery to your indoor spaces. It's all about its feather-light, finely-textured foliage. Imagine numerous arching stems that can reach a generous length of 2-4 feet (60-120 cm), its main identification feature. These graceful stems are adorned with delicate, needle-like leaves, creating a wonderfully lush and airy look that's an absolute delight for your eyes.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light but can tolerate some direct morning sun. It also adapts to partial shade, especially outdoors or in hot climates. Avoid strong afternoon sun, which may scorch the foliage. Insufficient light can lead to thinning growth.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist, but never soggy. Water thoroughly when the top inch (2–3 cm) of soil feels dry. Asparagus ferns are somewhat drought-tolerant once established, but prolonged dryness may cause needle drop. Reduce watering slightly in winter when growth slows.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, rich potting mix. A peat-based soil with added perlite or sand is ideal. It thrives in slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0). Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot.","Temperature":"Prefers temperatures between 15–25°C (59–77°F). It should be protected from cold drafts and is not frost-tolerant. Temperatures below 10°C (50°F) may damage or kill the plant, especially if exposed for prolonged periods.","Humidity":"Enjoys moderate to high humidity (50–70%). Dry indoor air can cause browning or yellowing of leaves. Misting, using a humidity tray, or placing it near other plants can help increase humidity.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) using a balanced, liquid houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce feeding to once every 6–8 weeks in fall and winter.","Pruning":"Regular pruning helps control its shape and encourages bushier growth. Use clean shears to trim back yellow or overly long stems. Asparagus Ferns can handle heavy pruning if necessary.","Propagation":"Can be propagated by division of mature root clumps during repotting, or occasionally by seeds (though seed propagation is slow and less common). Divide when the root system becomes crowded, typically every 2–3 years.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nAsparagus setaceus is mildly toxic to humans, particularly the berries. Ingestion of the berries may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal cramps. Skin contact with the plant’s sap can cause minor skin irritation in sensitive individuals, especially with frequent handling. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is toxic to pets, including cats and dogs. The berries, if eaten, may cause vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and lethargy. In some cases, repeated exposure to the foliage may cause skin irritation or allergic dermatitis, especially in cats who brush against the plant regularly. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nContains saponins, which are chemical compounds known to irritate the gastrointestinal tract when ingested and cause skin inflammation on contact in sensitive animals and humans."}
Calathea Makoyana( Goeppertia Makoyana) Marantaceae

185 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Goeppertia makoyana is an evergreen perennial, growing to 45 cm (18 in), with round, pale, glossy green leaves. The upper surfaces of the leaves are marked with dark green blotches along the veins, and the lower surfaces coloured deep purple, with leaf shafts that are very thin. When new leaves grow they are rolled up and display their pinkish-red undersides. Like others in the genus, it has a horizontal soil stem, rhizome, from which the plants grow up and the roots develop. It requires a minimum temperature of 16 °C (61 °F), and in temperate areas is often cultivated as a houseplant.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Exposure to direct sun can scorch the leaves or bleach the distinctive markings. In low light, the plant will survive, but its growth may slow, and its leaf patterns may become dull. Filtered natural light or placement near a north or east-facing window is ideal.","Watering":"Keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Water when the top inch (2–3 cm) of soil feels dry. Use distilled or rainwater if possible, as Calatheas are sensitive to fluoride, chlorine, and mineral build-up in tap water. During winter, reduce watering slightly but do not let the soil dry out completely.","Soil":"Needs a well-draining, rich potting mix with good moisture retention. A combination of peat moss or coco coir, perlite, and pine bark or compost works well. Soil should remain slightly acidic to neutral in pH.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm indoor temperatures ranging from 18–27°C (65–80°F). Avoid exposure to cold drafts or temperatures below 15°C (59°F), which can stress the plant or cause leaf damage. Sudden temperature fluctuations should be avoided.","Humidity":"This plant loves high humidity (60–80%). Dry air can lead to leaf edges browning or curling. Boost humidity with a humidifier, pebble tray, or by grouping it with other tropical plants. Regular misting with clean water also helps but may not be sufficient in very dry environments.","Fertilization":"Feed once a month during the spring and summer growing season with a diluted balanced liquid fertilizer (at half strength). Avoid over-fertilizing, as this may damage the roots or cause leaf discoloration. No need to fertilize in winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Remove yellowing, damaged, or older leaves by cutting them off at the base with sterilized scissors or pruning shears. This helps the plant focus energy on healthy, new growth. Routine pruning also improves airflow and appearance.","Propagation":"Propagation is done through division during repotting. Carefully separate the root clumps, ensuring that each section has at least one healthy stem and root system. Avoid propagating by leaf cuttings, as this method is not effective for Goeppertia species.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nGoeppertia makoyana is considered non-toxic to humans. It is safe to grow in homes with children, and accidental skin contact or ingestion is not harmful. However, ingestion of any plant material may cause mild digestive upset in sensitive individuals or small children.\n\n<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is non-toxic to cats and dogs according to the ASPCA. It is a pet-safe option, making it ideal for homes with curious pets that may occasionally nibble on foliage. That said, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort (vomiting or diarrhea) due to the fibrous nature of the leaves. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone. Goeppertia makoyana does not contain harmful alkaloids, oxalates, or saponins, which are commonly responsible for toxicity in other houseplants."}
Rattlesnake plant (Goeppertia insignis, Calathea lancifolia) Marantaceae

186 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This greenie impresses any plant parent with its beauty. Goeeppertia Insignis (Calathea Lancifolia, Rattlesnake Plant) is an evergreen herbaceous perennial native to the Brazilian jungle. Its voluminous leaves with wavy edges, purple undersides and spots reminiscent of snake skin give it a very distinctive look. The tropical queen can be quite demanding in colder climates, yet always rewards attentive enthusiasts with its exotic charm.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">It is a tropical evergreen perennial native to Brazil and beloved houseplant for numerous greenery enthusiasts worldwide. The plant is praised for its variegated leaves with wavy patterns close to its edges. While the foliage itself is of different shades of green, the undersides are purple. As a potted plant, Calathea Lancifolia typically grows to about 20 inches (50 cm).</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. It can tolerate lower light levels, making it suitable for rooms with filtered sunlight or bright shade. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves and cause fading of its unique patterns. North- or east-facing windows are ideal.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top inch (2–3 cm) of the soil feels dry. Use distilled, filtered, or rainwater, as the plant is sensitive to salts, fluoride, and chlorine commonly found in tap water. Overwatering or waterlogged soil may cause root rot, so ensure proper drainage.","Soil":"Prefers a light, well-aerated potting mix that retains some moisture but drains well. A good mix includes peat or coco coir, perlite, and composted bark. The pH should be slightly acidic to neutral (around 6.0–7.0).","Temperature":"Thrives in a warm and stable environment, ideally between 18–27°C (65–80°F). The plant is sensitive to cold drafts and sudden temperature drops. Avoid exposing it to temperatures below 15°C (59°F) as this can lead to leaf damage and stunted growth.","Humidity":"Goeppertia insignis thrives in high humidity environments. Indoor air should be maintained at above 50%, ideally around 60–75%. Low humidity can lead to crispy, brown leaf edges. Use a humidifier, pebble tray, or frequent misting to maintain adequate moisture levels around the plant.","Fertilization":"Fertilize monthly during the growing season (spring to early autumn) using a diluted balanced liquid fertilizer (at half strength). Do not fertilize in winter when the plant is not actively growing. Over-fertilization can lead to leaf tip burn or root issues.","Pruning":"Remove any damaged, yellowing, or dried leaves to keep the plant tidy and healthy. Use sterilized scissors and cut the leaf stem at the base. Occasional trimming may also help improve air circulation and stimulate new growth.","Propagation":"Best propagated through rhizome division during repotting in spring or early summer. Carefully separate clumps with a clean, sharp knife, ensuring each division has healthy roots and leaves. Avoid propagating by cuttings, as it is generally ineffective.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Rattlesnake Plant is non-toxic to humans. It does not produce harmful compounds or sap, making it a safe plant for homes with children. Ingestion of plant parts is not dangerous, though it is not intended for consumption.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nGoeppertia insignis is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it an excellent pet-friendly plant. Pets that nibble on the leaves might experience mild digestive upset due to fiber content, but no serious toxic reactions are expected.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNone of concern. This plant does not contain calcium oxalates, saponins, alkaloids, or other toxins commonly found in toxic houseplants. It is widely regarded as safe and gentle for indoor spaces."}
Green Velvet Alocasia (Alocasia micholitziana) Araceae

187 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Alocasia micholitziana, commonly known as the Green Velvet Alocasia, is a striking ornamental plant known for its luxurious, velvety foliage. Native to the tropical forests of the Philippines, this plant features deep green, arrowhead-shaped leaves with a soft, velvety texture and prominent silvery-white veins that create a dramatic contrast. Its leaves grow upright on elegant petioles, giving it a sculptural appearance often compared to living art.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">The Green Velvet Alocasia is relatively compact compared to some of its cousins, making it suitable for indoor cultivation, especially for collectors of rare tropical foliage plants. However, it does require specific care conditions, particularly in terms of humidity and water, and is best suited for growers who are comfortable with intermediate-level houseplant maintenance.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sun can scorch its velvety leaves, while too little light can lead to leggy growth and reduced leaf development. An east- or north-facing window with filtered sunlight is ideal.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist, but not soggy. Water when the top inch (2–3 cm) of soil feels dry. Avoid letting the soil dry out completely or sit in waterlogged conditions. Use lukewarm, filtered water if possible to prevent mineral buildup that can damage the roots.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, loose, and airy soil mix. A blend of peat moss or coco coir, perlite, and orchid bark works well to retain some moisture while preventing root rot. The soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral (around 5.5–6.5).","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures between 18–28°C (65–82°F). Keep away from cold drafts and sudden temperature drops. Do not expose the plant to temperatures below 15°C (59°F), as it is sensitive to cold and may suffer stress or enter dormancy.","Humidity":"This tropical plant thrives in high humidity, ideally above 60%. If indoor air is dry (especially during winter), use a humidifier, place the plant on a pebble tray, or mist regularly. Dry air may lead to brown edges and reduced leaf health.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the active growing season (spring through early autumn) with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer (at half strength). Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to salt buildup and root damage. Do not fertilize in winter when the plant’s growth slows down.","Pruning":"Prune only to remove damaged, yellowing, or dead leaves. Use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears and cut as close to the base as possible. Regular cleaning of the leaves with a damp cloth helps maintain their velvety appearance and prevents pests.","Propagation":"Propagated via rhizome division. During repotting, carefully divide the underground rhizomes, ensuring that each division has roots and at least one healthy leaf. Allow cut sections to dry briefly before potting to prevent rot.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nThe Green Velvet Alocasia is toxic to humans if ingested. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause intense irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat, along with swelling, pain, and difficulty swallowing. Skin contact with sap may also cause mild dermatitis in sensitive individuals.\n\n<br>\n\nToxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nAlocasia micholitziana is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion can result in symptoms such as oral irritation, drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Immediate veterinary attention is advised if a pet is suspected of ingesting any part of the plant. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nContains calcium oxalate crystals, which are responsible for its toxicity. These needle-like crystals embed in tissue when chewed or broken, leading to inflammation and discomfort. Keep out of reach of children and animals."}
Christmas Cactus (Schlumbergera bridgesii) Cactaceae

188 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Schlumbergera, commonly known as Christmas Cactus, belongs to the genus of epiphytic forest cacti. It is native to mountain rainforests of southeast Brazil.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Schlumbergera blooms in winter because the flower has genetic memory. Despite the change in geographical latitudes, they continue to live according to nature's established cycle.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Christmas Cactus produces gorgeous lantern-like flowers in various colors: red, yellow, purple, white, and pink. They appear as a chain of bright elongated petals 1-2 in (2-5 cm) in size intertwined at the tips of all stems. Flowers are zygomorphic - it means they are bilaterally symmetrical.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Tiny buds are positioned on the tops of the leaves, indicating that the Christmas Cactus is a member of the cactus family. You can see aerial roots on almost every elongated leaf of the plant, and they take root almost instantly when they come into touch with the soil. The plant appears to migrate slowly from one location to another.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Avoid direct sunlight, especially during the summer months, which can burn the stems. A north or east-facing window is ideal. Inadequate light can result in poor blooming, while excessive light may cause stem segments to turn reddish or yellow.","Watering":"Water when the top inch (2–3 cm) of soil is dry. Water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom, then allow excess moisture to escape completely. Do not let the plant sit in water, as it is susceptible to root rot. Water less during the fall before blooming begins, then resume regular watering once buds form.","Soil":"Needs a light, well-draining soil mix. A good cactus or succulent mix amended with perlite, orchid bark, or sand is ideal. Avoid dense, moisture-retentive soils. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (around 5.5–6.5) supports optimal growth.","Temperature":"Thrives in average household temperatures between 15–24°C (60–75°F). A drop in nighttime temperatures (around 10–13°C / 50–55°F) for several weeks in the fall can help trigger blooming. Avoid cold drafts, sudden temperature shifts, and freezing conditions.","Humidity":"Appreciates moderate to high humidity (50–60%), unlike desert cacti. If your home is dry, especially in winter, consider using a humidity tray, humidifier, or misting (lightly, to avoid fungal issues).","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during the growing season (spring through early autumn) with a diluted balanced liquid fertilizer or a cactus-specific blend. Stop fertilizing in late fall to allow for flowering. Resume feeding in spring once new growth appears.","Pruning":"Prune after flowering by gently twisting or cutting the stem segments. This encourages branching and a fuller plant. Pruned segments can also be used for propagation.","Propagation":"Easily propagated from stem cuttings. Allow cut segments (2–3 joined segments) to callous for a day or two, then place in moist, well-draining soil. Keep in indirect light and maintain slight moisture until roots form in a few weeks.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nSchlumbergera bridgesii is non-toxic to humans. It is considered safe for use around children and poses no significant risk if touched or accidentally ingested in small amounts. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nChristmas Cactus is non-toxic to cats and dogs, according to the ASPCA. However, mild gastrointestinal upset (like vomiting or diarrhea) can occur if large quantities are ingested, mainly due to the plant’s fibrous nature rather than any toxic compound. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of major concern. Unlike many houseplants, Christmas Cactus does not contain calcium oxalates, saponins, or alkaloids, making it one of the safest"}
Audrey Ficus (Ficus benghalensis) Moraceae

189 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">The Audrey Ficus, a cultivar of Ficus benghalensis, is a striking indoor tree admired for its lush, large, and glossy dark green leaves with lighter green or yellowish variegation along the veins, giving it a vibrant and decorative appearance. Native to the Indian subcontinent, Ficus benghalensis is famously known as the Banyan tree and can grow into a massive, spreading tree outdoors. As a houseplant, Audrey Ficus remains more compact but still develops a strong, upright trunk with aerial roots that may form if humidity and conditions are favorable. This plant is valued for its architectural presence and air-purifying qualities.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">Audrey Ficus adapts well to indoor environments and is a favorite among plant enthusiasts who seek a low-maintenance yet visually impressive tropical tree.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate some direct morning or late afternoon sun. Avoid harsh midday sunlight, which may scorch the leaves. It can survive in medium light but growth will slow, and variegation may fade in low-light conditions.","Watering":"Water thoroughly when the top 2–3 cm of soil feel dry. Audrey Ficus prefers consistent moisture but does not tolerate waterlogged soil; ensure excellent drainage. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering causes leaf yellowing and drop.","Soil":"Use a well-draining, rich potting mix with organic matter. A mix designed for indoor trees or general houseplants with added perlite or coarse sand to improve aeration works well.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures ranging from 18–27°C (65–80°F). Protect from drafts, sudden temperature changes, and temperatures below 12°C (54°F), which can cause leaf drop.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity (40–60%). If the indoor air is dry, especially in winter, increase humidity with misting, a humidity tray, or a humidifier to maintain healthy foliage and prevent leaf edges from browning.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Fertilizing is less necessary in fall and winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Prune to shape and control size, ideally in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Remove any dead, damaged, or crossing branches to promote airflow and a neat appearance.","Propagation":"Propagate by stem cuttings or air layering. For cuttings, take semi-hardwood sections, remove lower leaves, and root in moist soil or water under warm, humid conditions.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nFicus benghalensis contains latex sap that can cause skin irritation, redness, or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals upon contact. While the plant is not highly toxic if ingested, it may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort if consumed accidentally, so it is advisable to avoid ingestion.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThe Audrey Ficus is considered toxic to cats and dogs due to its milky sap, which contains furocoumarins and proteolytic enzymes. Exposure can lead to oral irritation, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if chewed or ingested. Skin contact may cause irritation or dermatitis in pets as well.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nThe milky latex contains irritant compounds that affect mucous membranes and skin. Care should be taken when handling the plant, and it is recommended to keep it out of reach of pets and small children."}
Triangle Cactus( Acanthocereus tetragonus) Cactaceae

190 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Triangle Cactus is a tall and unusual succulent that has become popular due to its resistance to low temperatures. It was first described by the famous Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus in the middle of the 18th century under the name Cactus tetragonus, which existed until 1938.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Triangle Cactus, or as it is botanically called, Acanthocereus tetragonus, is a columnar plant that has thick stems and large thorns. The stems of this plant are a dark green color and have several angles, but not more than five. They have large and sharp spines that can grow up to 1.6 inches (4 cm) long, although they are not very numerous. These plants bloom several times a year with white flowers that have a yellow, orange, or red center. The unique thing about these flowers is that they only bloom in the evening and close completely closer to the morning.</p> {"Light":"Prefers full sun to bright indirect light. The Triangle Cactus thrives in intense sunlight but can tolerate some partial shade, especially in very hot climates. For indoor growth, place it near a sunny window to ensure adequate light.","Watering":"Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. During the growing season (spring and summer), watering every 2–3 weeks is generally sufficient, depending on the environment. Reduce watering significantly in fall and winter to prevent root rot. The Triangle Cactus is highly drought-tolerant and prefers dry conditions over excess moisture.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining cactus or succulent mix, typically composed of sand, perlite, and organic matter. Good drainage is critical to avoid waterlogged roots, which can cause rot.","Temperature":"Best suited to warm climates with temperatures between 18–30°C (65–86°F). It is not frost-tolerant and should be kept above 10°C (50°F). Protect from cold drafts and freezing temperatures.","Humidity":"Prefers low to moderate humidity and tolerates dry air well. High humidity combined with poor air circulation can increase the risk of fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Feed once a month during the active growing season with a diluted, balanced cactus fertilizer. Avoid fertilizing during dormancy (fall and winter).","Pruning":"Pruning is generally minimal but can be done to remove any damaged or diseased stems or to control size and shape. Use clean, sharp tools and handle with care due to the sharp spines.","Propagation":"Propagates easily through stem cuttings. Allow cuttings to dry and callous over for several days before planting them in well-draining soil. Rooting occurs within a few weeks under warm conditions.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nAcanthocereus tetragonus is generally non-toxic to humans. However, the plant’s spines can cause physical injury such as puncture wounds, irritation, or infection if handled carelessly. It is advised to wear gloves when handling or pruning to avoid injury.\n<br>\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis cactus is not known to be toxic to cats or dogs. Nevertheless, ingestion of spines can cause oral irritation, discomfort, or injury to pets. It is best to keep the plant out of reach of curious animals to prevent accidental harm.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nThe plant does not contain significant toxic chemicals but poses a mechanical hazard due to its sharp spines rather than chemical toxicity."}
Aglaonema Lady Valentine (Aglaonema Commutatum "Lady Valentine") Araceae

191 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Aglaonema commutatum ‘Lady Valentine’ is a stunning and popular cultivar of the Aglaonema genus, known for its vibrant and attractive foliage. This tropical evergreen perennial is native to Southeast Asia and is prized for its colorful leaves featuring a striking blend of dark green with splashes and speckles of rich pink and red tones, giving it a unique ornamental appeal. The plant grows as a compact, bushy shrub with broad, lance-shaped leaves that can reach up to 20–30 cm in length. Its elegant foliage makes it an excellent choice for indoor decoration, providing a pop of color and lush texture. Lady Valentine is relatively low-maintenance and thrives in typical indoor conditions, making it a favorite among houseplant enthusiasts.</span></blockquote><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate low to medium light conditions. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the colorful leaves or cause fading of their vibrant hues. It is well-suited for spots with filtered light or shaded corners indoors.","Watering":"Keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Water thoroughly when the top 2–3 cm of soil feels dry to the touch. Reduce watering during the winter months to prevent root rot, ensuring the pot has good drainage. Overwatering can cause yellowing leaves and root issues.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, rich potting mix with good aeration. A mix designed for tropical houseplants or a combination of peat moss, perlite, and potting soil works well. Proper drainage is essential to prevent water retention.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is sensitive to cold drafts and temperatures below 15°C (59°F), which may cause leaf damage or slowed growth. Consistent warm temperatures promote healthy growth.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity levels, ideally around 60% or higher. Dry air may cause leaf edges to brown. Use a humidifier, humidity tray, or regular misting to maintain adequate moisture in the air.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer formulated for houseplants. Reduce or suspend feeding in fall and winter.","Pruning":"Remove yellowing or damaged leaves at the base using clean scissors or pruning shears to encourage fresh growth and maintain the plant’s appearance. Pruning is minimal but helps keep the plant tidy.","Propagation":"Propagate by division during repotting or through stem cuttings placed in water or moist soil. Rooting is typically successful within a few weeks under warm, humid conditions.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nAglaonema commutatum ‘Lady Valentine’ contains calcium oxalate crystals, which are toxic if ingested by humans. Contact with the plant’s sap or leaves may cause skin irritation, redness, and itching. Ingesting parts of the plant can lead to oral irritation, swelling of the mouth and throat, difficulty swallowing, and gastrointestinal distress such as nausea or vomiting. It is advised to keep the plant out of reach of children and handle it with care, preferably wearing gloves during pruning or propagation.\n\n<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis cultivar is toxic to cats and dogs due to the presence of calcium oxalate crystals. If ingested by pets, it may cause symptoms including drooling, pawing at the mouth, oral pain, swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. While typically not fatal, ingestion requires prompt veterinary attention to prevent complications. It is recommended to place the plant where pets cannot access it. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe primary toxic compounds are insoluble calcium oxalate crystals found in the plant’s sap and tissues. These crystals cause mechanical irritation and inflammatory reactions upon contact or ingestion."}
Fragrant Plantain Lily( Hosta plantaginea) Asparagaceae

192 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Hosta plantaginea, commonly known as the Fragrant Plantain Lily, is a deciduous perennial valued for its large, lush foliage and highly fragrant flowers. Native to China, this species is unique among hostas for its night-scented, creamy white trumpet-shaped blooms that usually appear in late summer to early fall. The flowers emit a strong, sweet fragrance that attracts pollinators such as moths. The plant forms dense clumps of broad, ovate to lance-shaped leaves that have a smooth texture and rich green color. It grows to about 60–90 cm (2–3 feet) tall and wide, making it an excellent choice for shade gardens, borders, and container planting. The Fragrant Plantain Lily is appreciated not only for its ornamental foliage but also for its delightful floral scent, which adds a sensory dimension to shaded garden spaces.</span></blockquote><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers partial to full shade, thriving best in dappled sunlight or areas with filtered light. Direct, intense sunlight can scorch the leaves, causing browning or leaf burn, especially during hot afternoons. Morning sun or light shade is ideal for maintaining healthy foliage.","Watering":"Requires consistently moist, well-draining soil. Water regularly during the growing season to keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Avoid waterlogging, which can cause root rot. Reduce watering in the dormant winter period.","Soil":"Prefers rich, organic, well-drained soils with good moisture retention. Soils amended with compost or leaf mold enhance growth. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.5) is optimal.","Temperature":"Grows well in temperate climates, tolerating temperatures from about 10°C to 30°C (50°F to 86°F). It is hardy in USDA zones 6–9 and can survive mild frost with adequate mulch protection in colder zones. The plant benefits from a cool dormant period in winter.","Humidity":"Tolerates a range of humidity levels but thrives best in moderate humidity. Good air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases, which can be more common in very humid conditions.","Fertilization":"Apply a balanced slow-release fertilizer or organic compost in early spring to support healthy leaf and flower development. Supplemental feeding during the growing season with liquid fertilizer can encourage robust growth and blooms.","Pruning":"Remove yellowing or damaged leaves to maintain appearance and reduce disease risk. After flowering, cut back spent flower stalks to the base to tidy the plant and direct energy to foliage and root growth.","Propagation":"Propagate primarily by division in early spring or fall. Carefully dig and separate clumps with roots intact, then replant. It can also be grown from seed, but division is preferred for maintaining cultivar traits.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nHosta plantaginea is generally considered non-toxic to humans. However, some individuals may experience mild skin irritation or allergic reactions upon direct contact with the sap, particularly those with sensitive skin. It is advisable to wear gloves when handling the plant to avoid potential dermatitis. Accidental ingestion is rare but can cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort if consumed in large quantities.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nHostas, including Hosta plantaginea, are toxic to cats and dogs. The plant contains saponins, compounds that can cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested by pets. Symptoms may include vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, and lethargy. Although poisoning is usually not fatal, veterinary care is recommended if ingestion occurs to prevent dehydration or secondary complications.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nThe primary toxic agents are saponins, naturally occurring chemicals that disrupt cell membranes and irritate the digestive tract in pets and sensitive individuals. These compounds are concentrated mainly in the leaves and stems."}
Star Jasmine( Trachelospermum jasminoides) Apocynaceae

193 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Star Jasmine, a versatile and sweet-smelling companion, is ready to steal the show.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Whether it's jazzing up your garden, covering a wall, or spreading its fragrance indoors, this plant is the star of the green scene.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Meet Trachelospermum jasminoides, or as we affectionately call it, Star Jasmine. Originating from East Asia, this climbing vine knows how to make an entrance with its fragrant white flowers (that grow to be around 1 inch or 2.5 cm) and evergreen charm. Growing up to 20 ft (6 m), it's a woody wonder that loves to adorn walls, trellises, and any structure that needs a touch of elegance.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in full sun to partial shade. While it blooms best in full sun, it tolerates some shade but with reduced flowering. In hot climates, some afternoon shade can prevent leaf scorch.","Watering":"Requires regular watering during the growing season, keeping the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. It is somewhat drought-tolerant once established but performs best with moderate moisture. Reduce watering in winter.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, fertile soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.5). It adapts well to sandy or loamy soils enriched with organic matter.","Temperature":"Prefers mild to warm climates, growing well in USDA zones 8–10. It tolerates temperatures down to about -7°C (20°F) with some protection. The plant is hardy but may suffer leaf damage in prolonged freezes.","Humidity":"Tolerant of a wide range of humidity levels but thrives in moderate humidity environments. Good air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring and midsummer to promote vigorous growth and flowering. Organic compost or mulch can improve soil fertility and moisture retention.","Pruning":"Prune lightly after flowering to control size and shape. Hard pruning can be done in early spring to rejuvenate older plants or encourage bushier growth.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by softwood or semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late spring or early summer. Layering and division are also effective methods for producing new plants.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nStar Jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides) is generally regarded as non-toxic to humans. However, the plant’s milky sap may cause mild skin irritation or allergic contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals if handled without gloves. Ingestion of plant parts is not common and typically causes only minor discomfort, such as nausea or mild gastrointestinal upset. It is recommended to avoid consumption and wash hands after handling to prevent irritation. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe plant is considered mildly toxic to cats and dogs. The sap contains compounds that can cause mild to moderate gastrointestinal irritation if ingested, resulting in symptoms like vomiting, drooling, or diarrhea. Contact with the sap may also cause skin irritation in pets. Although not usually life-threatening, ingestion should be monitored and veterinary advice sought if symptoms persist or worsen. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe milky latex sap contains cardiac glycosides and other irritant compounds, which can affect the digestive tract and skin. These compounds can cause irritation upon ingestion or dermal contact but are generally not fatal in small amounts. Caution is advised when planting in homes with curious pets or children."}
Haworth's Aeonium( Aeonium haworthii) Crassulaceae

194 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Haworth's Aeonium is where botanical elegance meets easy-care charm. This indoor succulent is not just a plant - it's a statement piece, effortlessly bringing a touch of desert sophistication to your living space or garden.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Aeonium haworthii has rosettes of fleshy, spoon-shaped leaves in shades from deep green to burgundy, creating a visual masterpiece. With a compact stature and a slow-growing nature, it's the perfect succulent companion, standing at about 6 to 12 inches (15-30 cm) tall.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun to partial shade. It performs best with several hours of direct sunlight daily, which enhances leaf coloration and compact growth. In very hot climates, some afternoon shade is beneficial to prevent leaf scorch.","Watering":"Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out completely between watering sessions. Overwatering can cause root rot. During the plant’s active growing period (spring and fall), water moderately. Reduce watering substantially in winter when the plant enters dormancy.","Soil":"Needs well-draining, sandy or gritty soil typical of cactus and succulent mixes. Good drainage is essential to avoid waterlogging and root rot.","Temperature":"Prefers temperate to warm conditions, thriving between 15–26°C (59–79°F). It is frost-sensitive and should be protected from temperatures below 5°C (41°F). In colder zones, it is commonly grown as a container plant and brought indoors during winter.","Humidity":"Tolerates low humidity typical of arid and Mediterranean environments. High humidity is not necessary and can increase the risk of fungal diseases if air circulation is poor.","Fertilization":"Feed lightly during the growing season with a balanced, diluted fertilizer designed for succulents. Fertilizing once a month in spring and early summer is sufficient. Avoid feeding during dormancy.","Pruning":"Prune dead or damaged rosettes to maintain appearance and encourage new growth. Removing flower stalks after blooming helps preserve energy for the plant.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by stem cuttings or leaf cuttings. Allow cuttings to callous over for a few days before planting in well-draining soil. Rooting is typically successful within a few weeks.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nHaworth’s Aeonium is generally considered non-toxic to humans. It does not contain harmful alkaloids or toxins, making it safe to handle and grow indoors or outdoors. However, as with many succulents, the sap may cause mild skin irritation or allergic reactions in very sensitive individuals. It is advisable to wash hands after handling and avoid ingesting any part of the plant. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nAeonium haworthii is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs, posing minimal risk if accidentally chewed or ingested. While not poisonous, ingestion of large amounts might cause mild digestive upset such as vomiting or diarrhea due to fiber content and plant material. Contact with sap may cause minor skin irritation. Overall, it is considered a pet-safe succulent. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNo significant toxic compounds have been identified in Aeonium haworthii. It lacks the alkaloids, glycosides, or oxalates typically responsible for toxicity in some plants, making it safe for home environments with pets and children."}
Pig’s Ears(Cotyledon orbiculata) Crassulaceae

195 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Pig's Ears are an unusual perennial decorative succulent from the Crassulaceae family, which originated in South Africa. In its natural environment, it grows on rocky plains or in grassy areas with a lot of sunlight that allows it to develop properly. It is important to add that the succulent is frost-resistant, so it can be grown in colder climates.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Cotyledon orbiculata is easily identified by its fleshy, gray-green, egg-shaped leaves with red edges and a somewhat shaggy texture. An important feature of the leaves is that they contain natural protection against the sun, which is also called powdery.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The flowers are not as showy as the bell-like leaves, are orange, yellow, or red in color, bloom throughout the year, and are odorless. Grow on slender dark green stems up to 24 inches (60 cm) tall and often drooping.</p> {"Light":"Pig’s Ears thrives in full sun to partial shade. For optimal growth and coloration, it requires several hours of direct sunlight daily but can tolerate some light shade, especially in very hot climates to prevent leaf scorch.","Watering":"Water moderately during the active growing season (spring and summer), allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Reduce watering significantly in the dormant period (fall and winter) to prevent root rot. Overwatering is a common cause of decline.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, sandy or gritty soil, such as a cactus or succulent potting mix. Good drainage is critical to prevent water retention that can lead to root rot.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 15–30°C (59–86°F). It is moderately frost-tender and should be protected from freezing temperatures below 5°C (41°F). In colder regions, it is best grown as a potted plant that can be moved indoors during winter.","Humidity":"Prefers dry to moderate humidity levels. High humidity combined with poor ventilation can increase the risk of fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Feed lightly with a balanced, diluted fertilizer during the growing season, approximately once a month. Avoid fertilizing during dormancy.","Pruning":"Prune to remove dead or damaged leaves and spent flower stalks. Pinching back stems can encourage bushier growth and a more compact shape.","Propagation":"Propagated easily by leaf or stem cuttings. Allow cuttings to dry and callous over for a few days before planting in well-draining soil. Rooting usually occurs within a few weeks under warm conditions.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nCotyledon orbiculata contains mildly toxic compounds, specifically cardiac glycosides, which can affect the heart if ingested in large amounts. While casual contact is generally safe, ingestion of leaves or sap may cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. It is important to keep this plant away from small children and to avoid ingestion. Skin contact with the sap may cause mild irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Proper hand washing after handling is advised.\n\n<br> \n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nPig’s Ears is considered toxic to cats and dogs due to the presence of cardiac glycosides in its sap and leaves. If pets ingest parts of the plant, they may experience vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, weakness, and in severe cases, cardiac irregularities. Immediate veterinary attention is recommended if ingestion is suspected. Contact with the sap may also cause skin irritation in pets. Because of these risks, it is advisable to keep this succulent out of reach of pets.\n\n<br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe plant contains cardiac glycosides, which can interfere with heart function and are responsible for its toxicity. These compounds are common in some members of the Crassulaceae family and serve as a natural defense mechanism against herbivores."}
White Stonecrop (Sedum album) Crassulaceae

196 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Sedum album also has other less popular names such as Worm Grass, Hardy Baby Tears, and Tall White Stonecrop. This plant is perfect for landscape design. For example, it's used for decorating flower beds and houses. The height of the White Stonecrop rug is about 2 inches (2 cm), and during the flowering period - 5 inches (12.7 cm).</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Sedum album also has other less popular names such as Worm Grass, Hardy Baby Tears, and Tall White Stonecrop. This plant is perfect for landscape design. For example, it's used for decorating flower beds and houses. The height of the White Stonecrop rug is about 2 inches (2 cm), and during the flowering period - 5 inches (12.7 cm).</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The green, fleshy leaves are oval in shape and change color to red or brown in the sun.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">During the flowering period, which begins at the age of two years, the leaves turn back green. The tiny flowers of this plant are pink or white in the shape of a star. The flowering period depends on climate conditions and lasts about two months.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun to partial shade. For best growth and leaf coloration, full sun exposure is preferred, but it tolerates some light shade.","Watering":"Needs infrequent watering. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering can cause root rot. It is drought-tolerant once established.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, sandy or rocky soil. It thrives in poor soils where other plants struggle, making it ideal for rockeries and green roofs.","Temperature":"Tolerant of a wide range of temperatures and hardy in USDA zones 3–9. It can survive cold winters and withstand heat, making it very adaptable.","Humidity":"Adapted to dry conditions and tolerates low humidity well. High humidity is generally not required.","Fertilization":"Fertilize sparingly. It generally thrives in nutrient-poor soils, so light feeding once or twice during the growing season is sufficient.","Pruning":"Trim back any dead or leggy growth to maintain a neat appearance and encourage denser mats.","Propagation":"Easily propagated from stem or leaf cuttings. It roots quickly when placed in well-draining soil.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nSedum album is considered non-toxic to humans. It is generally safe to handle and has no known harmful effects if accidentally ingested in small amounts. However, as with many plants, it is best not to consume large quantities without proper knowledge. Skin contact rarely causes irritation.\n\n<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nWhite Stonecrop is regarded as non-toxic to cats and dogs. It poses minimal risk if pets nibble on the plant, and there are no reports of poisoning. Mild digestive upset could theoretically occur if large amounts are ingested, but this is uncommon. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nSedum album contains no known toxic compounds harmful to humans or pets, making it a safe succulent choice for homes and gardens where children and animals are present."}
Oleander( Nerium Oleander) Apocynaceae

197 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Nerium Oleander is a flowering perennial from the Apocynacee family. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant all around the world.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Nerium Oleander is a large evergreen shrub with brownish branches covered with rounded lenticels. The plant has narrow leaves up to 5 inches (15 cm) long, arranged on a short petiole. They are leathery, with a light median vein. The blossoms are large, bright, and connected in inflorescences at the ends of the sprouts. Most often, they are white or pink, rarely red or yellow. The flowering time depends on the climate. It can last from early summer to mid-autumn. The fruits are multi-seeded leaflets. Nerium's seeds have feathery tufts.</p> {"Light":"Oleander thrives in full sun. It requires at least six hours of direct sunlight daily to bloom well and maintain healthy growth. It can tolerate partial shade but flowering may be reduced.","Watering":"Requires moderate watering. Oleander is drought-tolerant once established but prefers consistent moisture for optimal flowering. Water deeply when the top inch of soil is dry, reducing frequency in winter. Avoid waterlogging, as this can cause root rot.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, moderately fertile soil. It tolerates a wide range of soil types including sandy and clay soils but does not thrive in waterlogged conditions. Adding organic matter can improve growth in poorer soils.","Temperature":"Prefers warm climates and grows best in USDA zones 8–10. It can tolerate brief cold spells but sustained freezing temperatures can damage or kill the plant. Ideal growing temperatures range from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).","Humidity":"Oleander is adaptable to different humidity levels and grows well in both dry and moderately humid environments.","Fertilization":"Fertilize monthly during the growing season with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer or liquid fertilizer to encourage vigorous growth and abundant flowers.","Pruning":"Prune after flowering to maintain shape and size. Removal of dead or weak branches encourages better air circulation and healthier growth. Oleander responds well to hard pruning if rejuvenation is needed.","Propagation":"Typically propagated from semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late spring or early summer. Cuttings root readily with proper care. It can also be grown from seeds but this is less common due to slow growth.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nOleander is extremely toxic to humans. All parts of the plant—leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds—contain potent cardiac glycosides such as oleandrin and neriine, which can interfere with heart function if ingested. Symptoms of poisoning include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, irregular heartbeat, dizziness, and in severe cases, death. Even small amounts can be dangerous, especially for children. Skin contact may cause irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Immediate medical attention is required if ingestion is suspected. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nOleander is highly toxic to cats, dogs, and other pets. Ingesting any part of the plant can cause severe poisoning symptoms including drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, abnormal heart rhythms, tremors, seizures, and can be fatal if untreated. Pet owners must exercise extreme caution and avoid planting Oleander where animals have access. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nThe toxic compounds are cardiac glycosides—oleandrin, neriine, and related substances—that disrupt the electrical impulses in the heart muscle, potentially leading to fatal cardiac arrest. These compounds are stable and remain toxic even when the plant is dried. <br>\n\nBecause of its high toxicity, Oleander should always be handled with care, using gloves, and kept out of reach of children and pets. Despite its dangers, it remains popular for ornamental planting due to its striking flowers and tough nature."}
Chinese taro (Alocasia cucullata) Araceae

198 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Chinese Taro is a perennial evergreen herb belonging to the Aracede family's genus Alocasia. Alocasia Cucullata is a typical member of its genus. If you can provide enough space for this plant, it will delight you with its picturesque view.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Alocasia Cucullata loves spacious rooms. The plant has a thick stem, long petioles, and large, heart-shaped leaves with pointed tips. The height can exceed 3.5 feet (1 meter).</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, while too little light may slow growth and cause leaf yellowing. It can tolerate moderate shade but performs best near east or north-facing windows indoors.","Watering":"Likes consistently moist soil but not soggy. Water thoroughly when the top 2–3 cm of soil feels dry. Avoid letting the plant sit in standing water, as this may lead to root rot. During winter or dormant periods, reduce watering frequency but do not let the soil dry out completely.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, rich potting mix high in organic matter. A blend of peat, perlite, and standard potting soil works well to maintain moisture while allowing excess water to drain freely.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is sensitive to cold drafts and should be protected from temperatures below 15°C (59°F), as exposure to cold can cause leaf damage or drop.","Humidity":"Prefers high humidity levels, ideally between 60–80%. Use a humidifier, pebble tray with water, or regular misting to maintain humidity, especially in dry indoor environments or during heating seasons.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce feeding during fall and winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Remove any yellow, damaged, or dead leaves at the base to maintain plant health and appearance. Pruning can also help improve air circulation around the plant.","Propagation":"Propagated mainly by division of rhizomes or offsets during repotting. Separate healthy sections carefully and plant them individually to encourage new growth.","Poisonous":"⚠️⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nChinese Taro contains calcium oxalate crystals in its leaves, stems, and roots, which are highly irritating to human skin and mucous membranes. Contact with the plant sap may cause itching, redness, or rash in sensitive individuals. Ingesting any part of the plant can lead to intense burning and swelling of the mouth, throat, and digestive tract, causing pain, difficulty swallowing, and nausea. Although rarely fatal, ingestion requires prompt medical attention to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nAlocasia cucullata is toxic to cats, dogs, and other pets due to the presence of insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. If ingested, pets may exhibit symptoms such as oral irritation, excessive drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. Immediate veterinary care is important to manage symptoms and prevent dehydration or airway obstruction.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nThe primary toxic compounds are raphides, microscopic needle-shaped calcium oxalate crystals that mechanically irritate tissues upon contact or ingestion. These crystals cause a burning sensation and inflammation, making the plant unsafe for consumption or close contact without protection.<br>\n\nDue to its dramatic foliage and moderate care needs, Chinese Taro is a popular choice for indoor tropical décor but should be handled carefully to avoid irritation and kept out of reach of children and pets."}
Blue Star Fern( Phlebodium aureum) Polypodiaceae

199 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Phlebodium aureum, commonly known as Blue Star Fern, is a unique and attractive fern native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, including the Caribbean and Central and South America. This epiphytic fern is prized for its striking, leathery fronds that display a distinctive blue-green or silvery-blue hue, giving the plant its common name. The fronds are lobed and wavy, creating a lush, star-like appearance when mature. Blue Star Ferns typically grow to about 30–60 cm (12–24 inches) tall and wide, making them ideal for indoor cultivation as a decorative houseplant. Unlike many ferns, this species is relatively tolerant of lower humidity and light conditions, which contributes to its popularity among indoor plant enthusiasts.</span></blockquote><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but tolerates moderate shade. Avoid direct sunlight as it can scorch the fronds and cause browning. East or north-facing windows are ideal indoor locations.","Watering":"Likes consistently moist but well-drained soil. Water when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil begins to dry out. Avoid overwatering or allowing the plant to sit in water to prevent root rot. Mist occasionally to maintain humidity but do not overdo to prevent fungal issues.","Soil":"Requires a rich, well-draining potting mix with good organic content. A mixture designed for ferns or an equal blend of peat moss, perlite, and orchid bark helps retain moisture while ensuring aeration.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is sensitive to cold drafts and temperatures below 10°C (50°F) may cause damage to the plant. Maintaining stable warmth is key for healthy growth.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity levels of 50–70%. Blue Star Fern can tolerate slightly lower humidity compared to other ferns but will thrive with occasional misting, a humidity tray, or use of a humidifier especially in dry indoor environments.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season (spring through early fall) with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer at half strength. Avoid fertilizing during winter months when the plant is less active.","Pruning":"Remove any yellow, brown, or damaged fronds at the base to encourage new growth and maintain a tidy appearance. Regular pruning helps improve air circulation and reduces the risk of pests or disease.","Propagation":"Propagation is most commonly done through division during repotting. Separate healthy rhizomes with attached fronds and roots, and plant them individually. This method ensures the new plants establish quickly.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nBlue Star Fern is generally considered non-toxic to humans. It does not contain irritating or harmful compounds, making it safe to handle and grow indoors. Contact with the plant is unlikely to cause allergic reactions or skin irritation, though sensitive individuals should still exercise general caution when pruning or repotting. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nPhlebodium aureum is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a safe choice for pet-friendly homes. Ingestion is not known to cause poisoning or adverse effects in pets, though excessive chewing or consumption of any plant material could potentially lead to mild digestive upset such as vomiting or diarrhea. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNo toxic compounds of concern have been identified in Blue Star Fern. Its safe nature and attractive foliage contribute to its popularity as an indoor ornamental fern. <br>\n\nBlue Star Fern is an excellent choice for adding lush, tropical greenery to indoor spaces, appreciated for its distinctive blue-tinted fronds and relatively easy care requirements."}
Majesty Palm (Ravenea Rivularis) Arecaceae

200 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Ravenea rivularis, commonly known as the Majesty Palm, is a graceful and stately tropical palm native to the riverbanks and humid environments of Madagascar. With its arching, feather-like fronds and tall, slender trunk, it adds an elegant, rainforest-inspired aesthetic to indoor and outdoor settings alike. Indoors, Majesty Palms typically grow to a manageable height of around 1.5–2.4 meters (5–8 feet), though in their natural environment they can reach up to 30 meters (nearly 100 feet). The deep green fronds are pinnate and symmetrical, radiating from the crown of the trunk in an attractive, fountain-like pattern. While visually stunning, this palm requires a bit more attention than many other indoor plants, particularly regarding light, humidity, and water needs.</span></blockquote><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light for optimal growth. It will tolerate moderate light but may suffer from slowed growth or yellowing fronds in too much shade. Avoid direct sunlight indoors, as it can scorch the fronds, but full sun is well-tolerated outdoors in humid climates. A south- or east-facing window is ideal.","Watering":"Majesty Palms prefer consistently moist soil but not soggy. Water when the top 2–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil feels dry. Ensure the pot has drainage holes and never let the plant sit in water, as root rot is a common issue. Reduce watering slightly in winter, but do not allow the soil to fully dry out.","Soil":"Use a well-draining, moisture-retentive potting mix, ideally formulated for palms or houseplants. A mix of peat, perlite, and a small amount of sand or bark provides good aeration while holding moisture.","Temperature":"Grows best in temperatures between 20–30°C (68–86°F). It is sensitive to cold and should be protected from temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Sudden cold drafts or temperature fluctuations can lead to browning leaf tips.","Humidity":"Thrives in moderate to high humidity (50–70% or higher). Dry indoor air, especially during winter, can lead to browning leaf edges. Increase humidity with a humidifier, pebble tray, or regular misting.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the active growing season (spring to early fall) with a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 or 20-20-20) diluted to half strength. Avoid over-fertilizing, and reduce feeding in the cooler months when the plant’s growth slows.","Pruning":"Remove yellow or brown fronds at the base with clean, sharp scissors. Do not trim green fronds, as they are still photosynthesizing and contributing to the plant’s health. Pruning dead growth improves airflow and appearance.","Propagation":"Propagation is typically done from seeds, but this is a slow and complex process best left to professionals. Majesty Palms do not propagate from cuttings or division.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nMajesty Palm is non-toxic to humans. It poses no known risk through skin contact or ingestion, making it a safe addition to homes with children. Handling the fronds or soil typically causes no irritation. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nRavenea rivularis is non-toxic to cats and dogs, according to the ASPCA. Even if pets chew on the fronds, there are no poisonous compounds present. <br> However, consumption of large amounts of any plant matter may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort (vomiting, drooling, or diarrhea), more due to fiber content than toxicity. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of concern. Unlike many decorative palms (such as Sago Palm), Majesty Palm does not contain cycasin or oxalates and is considered completely pet-safe."}
Marijuana Sativa (Cannabis sativa) Cannabaceae

201 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Cannabis sativa requires full sun when grown outdoors—at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day. Indoors, it thrives under high-intensity grow lights, such as LED or HPS (high-pressure sodium) lights, typically kept on for 18–24 hours per day during the vegetative stage, then reduced to 12 hours during flowering to induce blooming.</span></blockquote><blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></blockquote> {"Light":"Ideal growth occurs between 21–30°C (70–86°F). It is moderately tolerant to heat but does not fare well in cold conditions. Temperatures below 13°C (55°F) can slow growth or cause stress, especially during the flowering phase. Nighttime drops of 5–10°C from daytime temperatures can help promote flowering.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil feels dry. While Cannabis sativa enjoys regular watering, overwatering is one of the most common causes of root rot and stunted growth. The plant prefers slightly drier cycles between watering. Ensure excellent drainage and avoid letting it sit in waterlogged soil.","Soil":"Well-draining, nutrient-rich soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0) is ideal. A high-quality loamy soil mix with perlite or vermiculite supports healthy root development and oxygenation. Many growers also use soilless mixes or hydroponic systems for more controlled nutrient delivery.","Temperature":"Ideal growth occurs between 21–30°C (70–86°F). It is moderately tolerant to heat but does not fare well in cold conditions. Temperatures below 13°C (55°F) can slow growth or cause stress, especially during the flowering phase. Nighttime drops of 5–10°C from daytime temperatures can help promote flowering.","Humidity":"During the vegetative stage, Cannabis sativa prefers moderate humidity levels (50–70%), but as it enters the flowering stage, lower humidity (40–50%) is ideal to prevent mold, bud rot, and other fungal issues. Proper airflow and ventilation are essential, especially in indoor grows.","Fertilization":"This plant is a heavy feeder, especially during the vegetative and early flowering stages. A nitrogen-rich fertilizer is recommended during vegetative growth, followed by a phosphorus- and potassium-rich mix during flowering. Nutrient deficiencies (e.g., nitrogen, calcium, magnesium) are common in poor soils and should be corrected promptly.","Pruning":"Regular pruning helps increase airflow and direct energy to flower-producing areas. Techniques like topping, FIMing, or low-stress training (LST) are commonly used to control height and encourage bushier growth. Remove dead or yellowing leaves and lower branches that receive minimal light.","Propagation":"Cannabis sativa is commonly propagated from seeds, though cloning from cuttings is also practiced to preserve specific genetics. Germination typically takes 2–7 days. Cloning allows for consistent traits, while seed-grown plants show more genetic diversity.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nWhile not fatally toxic, Cannabis sativa contains THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), a psychoactive compound that affects the central nervous system. Ingestion or inhalation can cause euphoria, altered perception, increased appetite, anxiety, or panic in sensitive individuals. Accidental consumption by children may cause serious symptoms, including lethargy, confusion, or vomiting, and should be treated as a medical emergency. Topical exposure (e.g., skin contact with leaves or resin) is generally harmless but can cause mild irritation in rare cases. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nCannabis sativa is toxic to pets, particularly dogs and cats. Ingesting even small amounts can lead to cannabinoid poisoning, which may present as drooling, vomiting, uncoordinated movements, lethargy, dilated pupils, urinary incontinence, or in severe cases, seizures or coma. While not often fatal, it is a veterinary emergency and immediate treatment is recommended. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tTetrahydrocannabinol (THC): The primary psychoactive compound; toxic to pets and potentially harmful in children if ingested. <br>\n\t•\tCannabidiol (CBD): Non-psychoactive but can still influence biological functions. <br>\n\t•\tTerpenes (e.g., myrcene, limonene, pinene): Not toxic in small doses, but may irritate sensitive individuals."}
Goeppertia ornata (formerly Calathea ornata) Marantaceae

202 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Calathea ornata is a species of perennial plant in the family known as the prayer plants. It is native to South America, and is cultivated in temperate countries as a houseplant.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Calathea ornata is a plant that is native to South America and seen in many tropica climates such as Thailand. There are several members of the same family and they are all known for their large leaves, all of which have patterns that are extremely noticeable whilst their colors are stunning. The leaf of the Pin-Stripe Calathea grows at the end of long stems that require the right care and location in order to continue looking as healthy as possible. If kept indoors the plant will not grow much larger than 2ft wide or 2ft tall. This is a plant that looks attractive indoors but it is also possible to keep outdoors and can bring many different areas to life such as patio's, porches and decking. It can also be planted in beds and borders. Due to its foliage, this is a superb plant to put among other plants that have large foliage.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch its delicate leaves, causing them to fade or develop brown edges. It tolerates lower light but may grow more slowly. A spot near an east- or north-facing window is ideal.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) of soil feels dry. Use filtered or distilled water if your tap water contains high levels of fluoride, chlorine, or salts, which can damage the leaves. Reduce watering slightly in winter.","Soil":"Needs a well-draining, rich potting mix with good moisture retention. A blend of peat or coco coir, perlite, and pine bark or orchid bark works well. Ensure the pot has drainage holes to prevent root rot.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm indoor temperatures between 18–26°C (65–79°F). Avoid cold drafts, sudden temperature changes, and prolonged exposure below 15°C (59°F), as the plant is sensitive to cold.","Humidity":"Requires high humidity, ideally above 60%, to thrive. Low humidity can cause leaf tips to turn brown and crispy. Increase humidity using a humidifier, pebble tray, or by grouping it with other plants. Frequent misting can also help, but avoid over-wetting the leaves.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring to early autumn) with a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid over-fertilizing, as it may cause leaf damage.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is needed. Remove yellow or damaged leaves at the base with clean scissors. Regular grooming helps maintain its lush appearance.","Propagation":"Best propagated by division during repotting in spring. Gently separate a healthy cluster of stems and roots, and plant in a new pot with fresh soil. Seed propagation is not common for this species.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nGoeppertia ornata is non-toxic to humans. It is safe to keep in homes with children and is not harmful if touched or accidentally brushed against. However, it is not intended for consumption, and eating any part of the plant may cause mild stomach upset in sensitive individuals due to fiber content.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is non-toxic to pets, including cats and dogs, according to the ASPCA. It is a pet-friendly choice for indoor gardeners. That said, ingestion of leaves may still cause mild digestive upset (e.g., vomiting or diarrhea) due to fiber or irritation, especially in small pets or if consumed in large quantities.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNone known. Contains no toxic alkaloids, glycosides, or essential oils harmful to pets or people."}
Echeveria gibbiflora( Echeveria gibbiflora) Crassulaceae

203 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Echeveria gibbiflora is a small decorative succulent that belongs to the Crassulaceae family and comes from Mexico and Guatemala, where it feels good in a warm climate. The succulent has become popular due to its ease of care and attractive appearance, so it can often be seen on windowsills, in greenhouses, or in hanging pots. It should be added that Echeveria gibbiflora is actively used in traditional medicine due to its beneficial properties.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Echeveria gibbiflora is easily identified by its broad red, green or blue leaves that form a large rosette in the center and grow up to 12 inches (30 cm) tall and 16 inches (40.5 cm) wide. The leaves have a spoon-shaped shape and a smooth texture, sometimes slightly wrinkled, and their tips are brighter than the base and change their color depending on the Light.</p> {"Light":"Prefers full sun to bright, indirect light. Outdoors, it thrives in direct sunlight, which helps maintain compact growth and brings out vivid leaf coloration. Indoors, place near a south- or west-facing window. Insufficient light can cause leggy growth and fading color.","Watering":"Follow the “soak and dry” method: water thoroughly when the soil is completely dry. Allow excess water to drain out fully and avoid letting the plant sit in water. Overwatering is the most common cause of root rot. Reduce watering frequency in winter.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, gritty soil. Use a cactus or succulent mix, or a blend of potting soil, coarse sand, and perlite or pumice. Good drainage is essential to prevent rot.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures between 18–29°C (65–85°F). Not frost-tolerant—temperatures below 4°C (40°F) can damage or kill the plant. In colder climates, it should be grown in containers and brought indoors during winter.","Humidity":"Prefers low to moderate humidity. High humidity and poor air circulation can encourage fungal issues and leaf rot, especially where leaves meet the stem.","Fertilization":"Fertilize sparingly during the growing season (spring to early fall) using a diluted cactus or succulent fertilizer (half-strength, once a month). Do not fertilize in winter.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is needed. Remove dried leaves from the base of the rosette to improve airflow and aesthetics. After flowering, trim spent flower stalks to redirect energy to new growth.","Propagation":"Can be propagated easily through leaf cuttings, offsets (pups), or stem cuttings. Let cuttings callous over for a few days before placing on dry soil. Flower stalks may also produce plantlets. Seeds are an option but are less commonly used.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nEcheveria gibbiflora is non-toxic to humans. It is safe to grow indoors and poses no danger if accidentally touched or handled. However, it is not edible, and ingestion of any plant part could result in mild stomach discomfort due to its fibrous nature. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nAccording to ASPCA guidelines and other trusted sources, Echeveria species, including gibbiflora, are non-toxic to cats and dogs. They are considered pet-safe succulents, making them a good choice for households with animals. Even if pets nibble the leaves, it is unlikely to cause harm, though mild digestive irritation (vomiting or soft stool) could occur from eating foreign plant matter. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone known. Echeveria gibbiflora does not contain harmful saponins, oxalates, alkaloids, or glycosides that are typically responsible for plant toxicity."}
Silver Cock's Comb( Celosia argented) Amaranthaceae

204 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Celosia argentea, commonly known as Silver Cock’s Comb, is a striking ornamental flowering plant appreciated for its vivid, feathery flower spikes and silvery-green foliage. Native to tropical Asia and Africa, this fast-growing annual thrives in warm climates and produces dense, flame-like or crested flower heads that range in color from bright pink, red, orange, yellow, to purple, depending on the variety. The “Silver” name refers to some cultivars that feature shimmering, silvery leaves or pale, almost metallic floral tones.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">The flowers are long-lasting and often used in cut flower arrangements or dried flower crafts due to their texture and durability. In some cultures, young leaves and stems are also consumed as leafy vegetables.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Requires full sun for best growth and vibrant flowering. At least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight per day is recommended. Inadequate sunlight will result in weak stems and poor bloom production.","Watering":"Water regularly but allow the topsoil to dry slightly between waterings. The plant does not like soggy conditions and benefits from consistent, moderate moisture. Avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal problems on the flowers.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, loamy or sandy soil enriched with organic matter. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0) is ideal. Poor drainage can lead to root rot.","Temperature":"Prefers warm conditions between 20–30°C (68–86°F). It is not frost-tolerant, and even light frosts can kill the plant. It grows as an annual in temperate zones but may behave as a short-lived perennial in tropical climates.","Humidity":"Tolerates moderate humidity but prefers good air circulation around the foliage and flowers. Avoid high humidity in enclosed spaces to prevent mildew or botrytis.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (such as 10-10-10) during the growing season to support continuous blooming. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can encourage excessive foliage over flowers.","Pruning":"Pinch back young plants to encourage bushier growth. Regular deadheading (removal of spent flowers) prolongs blooming and improves plant appearance.","Propagation":"Easily grown from seeds, which can be directly sown outdoors after the last frost or started indoors 6–8 weeks earlier. Germination takes about 10–15 days. Transplant carefully as it has a delicate root system.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nCelosia argentea is non-toxic to humans. In fact, the tender young leaves and shoots are edible and commonly eaten as a leafy green in parts of Africa and Asia. It is considered safe for children and adults. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is also non-toxic to pets, including cats and dogs. It is considered safe for households with animals. Accidental chewing or ingestion is unlikely to cause any health issues. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone known. Celosia argentea does not contain alkaloids, glycosides, or saponins that are associated with common plant toxicities.\n"}
Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Fabaceae

205 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Common Beans is a humble yet cherished garden companion. Renowned for its versatility and nutritional value, it's not just a staple in the kitchen but also a joy to nurture in your outdoor garden.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Common Bean is a warm-season plant that grows either like a bush or vine, showing off dope green leaves and cute white or purple flowers. The pods that hold the beans look skinny next to the lush leaves and can be green, yellow, or even purple, adding a pop of color to your garden. The plant usually grows about 1 to 2 feet (30-60 cm) tall and wide, making it a perfect fit for various garden setups.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Common Bean changes with the seasons. It emerges in spring as tender shoots, becomes lush and green in summer, produces pods in maturity, and turns yellow in autumn, signaling harvest time.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day for optimal growth and bean production.","Watering":"Requires consistent moisture, especially during flowering and pod development. Water deeply when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil becomes dry, but avoid overwatering. Good drainage is essential to prevent root rot or fungal disease. Avoid overhead watering to minimize foliar diseases.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, loamy soil rich in organic matter. A pH between 6.0 and 7.5 is suitable. Beans dislike very rich nitrogenous soil, as excess nitrogen can lead to lush foliage but fewer pods.","Temperature":"Ideal growing temperatures range between 18–30°C (65–86°F). Beans are sensitive to frost, so they should be planted after the last frost date. Soil temperature should be above 10°C (50°F) for proper germination.","Humidity":"Grows best in moderate humidity with good air circulation. High humidity combined with wet leaves can encourage fungal issues like powdery mildew or rust.","Fertilization":"Beans generally do not require heavy fertilization due to their nitrogen-fixing capability. If necessary, use a low-nitrogen fertilizer (e.g., 5-10-10) at planting. Over-fertilizing can lead to poor pod development.","Pruning":"No routine pruning is needed. For pole beans, provide vertical support (e.g., trellises or poles) to encourage upward growth. Regular harvesting encourages continued production.","Propagation":"Propagated exclusively by seeds. Sow directly into the ground after danger of frost has passed. Germination occurs in 7–10 days under warm soil conditions. Beans do not transplant well due to sensitive roots.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nRaw beans, especially kidney beans, can be toxic to humans due to the presence of phytohemagglutinin, a naturally occurring lectin. Consumption of as few as 4–5 raw red kidney beans can cause severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Proper cooking (boiling for at least 10 minutes) destroys this toxin and renders the beans safe to eat. Cooked beans are nutritious and widely consumed around the world. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nRaw beans may also be toxic to pets, particularly dogs and cats, due to similar lectin compounds. Ingesting uncooked beans can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Cooked, plain beans in moderation are typically safe for dogs, though not recommended for cats due to their carnivorous diet. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tPhytohemagglutinin: Highly concentrated in red kidney beans; causes gastrointestinal toxicity when raw. <br>\n\t•\tLectins: Found in various beans, especially raw. <br>\n\t•\tSaponins and phytates: Present in small amounts; can cause mild digestive discomfort if not cooked properly but are generally neutralized by thorough cooking."}
Darling Orchid (Phalaenopsis) Orchidaceae

206 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Phalaenopsis, commonly referred to as the Darling Orchid or Moth Orchid, is one of the most popular and widely cultivated orchid genera in the world, especially prized as a decorative houseplant. Native to Southeast Asia and parts of Australia, these epiphytic orchids are known for their long-lasting, elegant flowers that resemble fluttering moths in flight.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">The plants feature thick, leathery, dark green leaves that grow in a basal rosette, with arching flower spikes bearing multiple blooms in shades of white, pink, yellow, purple, and spotted patterns. The blooms can last for several months and the plant can rebloom under proper conditions.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">Phalaenopsis orchids are favored for their graceful beauty, ease of care, and adaptability to indoor environments.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect sunlight. Avoid direct sun, which can scorch the leaves. East- or north-facing windows are ideal. In low light, flowering may be reduced or delayed.","Watering":"Water thoroughly once the potting mix is nearly dry. Typically, this means once every 7–10 days, but frequency varies by environment. Ensure good drainage—Phalaenopsis hates sitting in water. Overwatering is the most common cause of root rot. Use lukewarm, non-chlorinated water if possible.","Soil":"Grows best in a well-draining orchid mix, typically composed of bark, sphagnum moss, charcoal, and perlite. Do not use regular potting soil. Orchid roots require air circulation and quick drainage.","Temperature":"Ideal temperatures range from 18–29°C (65–85°F). They prefer warm days and cooler nights (a 5–10°C drop encourages blooming). Avoid sudden temperature shifts or cold drafts.","Humidity":"Thrives in moderate to high humidity, ideally between 50–70%. Use a humidity tray or room humidifier in dry environments. Proper air circulation is crucial to prevent fungal issues.","Fertilization":"Use a balanced orchid fertilizer (e.g., 20-20-20) diluted to 1/4 to 1/2 strength. Fertilize every 2–4 weeks during the growing season, and reduce feeding slightly during the winter or resting periods.","Pruning":"After flowering, cut the flower spike just above a node (bump) to encourage a secondary bloom, or cut it off completely near the base to allow the plant to rest. Remove dead or yellowing leaves as needed.","Propagation":"Phalaenopsis can be propagated via keikis (baby plants that form on flower spikes), which can be removed and repotted once roots are 2–3 inches long. Propagation via seed is difficult and typically done in lab settings.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nPhalaenopsis orchids are non-toxic to humans and are considered safe to have in households, including around young children. They are not edible, but accidental contact or mild ingestion is not harmful. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThese orchids are also considered non-toxic to pets, including cats and dogs, according to the ASPCA. However, ingestion of any plant material in large amounts can cause mild stomach upset or vomiting due to mechanical irritation.\n\n<br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tNone known. No toxic alkaloids, glycosides, or oxalates are present in Phalaenopsis."}
String of Hearts (Ceropegia woodii) Apocynaceae

207 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">String of Hearts is a trailing succulent-like plant native to South Africa. The delicate heart-shaped foliage and slender vines can reach up to 12' long in its natural environment, and has earned this plant Rosary Vine and Sweetheart Vine nicknames.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This unusual, hardy vining succulent produces pretty, variegated, heart-shaped leaves on tough, wire-like stems. The plant trails nicely and makes an unusual hanging plant. The vines can grow to be two or three feet long. The nearly odorless Chinese lantern flowers are small and a peculiar shade of brownish pink. Some people say these blooms looked like little vases with a rounded base and long, narrow top.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Can tolerate some direct morning or late afternoon sun, but strong midday sun can scorch the leaves. Insufficient light causes leggy growth and loss of leaf color.","Watering":"Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Water thoroughly when dry, then let excess water drain. Overwatering is the most common cause of root rot. In cooler months, reduce watering significantly.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, light soil mix, such as a cactus or succulent mix. You can improve drainage by adding extra perlite or pumice to the potting mix.","Temperature":"Ideal temperature range is 18–27°C (65–80°F). Protect from cold drafts and avoid temperatures below 10°C (50°F). It is not frost-tolerant.","Humidity":"Tolerates average household humidity, but also does well in drier conditions. High humidity is not necessary and can increase the risk of rot if the soil stays too wet.","Fertilization":"Feed with a diluted balanced fertilizer (such as 10-10-10 or 20-20-20) once a month during the spring and summer. Do not fertilize in winter when the plant is dormant.","Pruning":"Prune to control length and encourage bushier growth. Cuttings can be easily propagated in water or soil.","Propagation":"Very easy to propagate via:<br>\n\t•\tStem cuttings placed in water or moist soil <br>\n\t•\tTuber propagation: aerial tubers (bead-like nodes) that form along the stem can be planted directly in soil","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nCeropegia woodii is considered non-toxic to humans. It poses no known health hazards if touched or accidentally ingested in small amounts. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is generally considered non-toxic to pets (cats and dogs), according to multiple houseplant safety sources. However, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort simply due to the fibrous plant material. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tNone documented. No alkaloids, glycosides, or irritants identified in this species."}
Tradescantia Cerinthoides (Tradescantia Cerinthoides) Commelinaceae

208 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Tradescantia cerinthoides is a fast-growing, low-maintenance trailing plant known for its vibrant, colorful foliage and soft, fleshy stems. It’s most famously cultivated as the cultivar ‘Nanouk’, which displays bold pink, purple, green, and white variegated leaves, making it a standout choice for hanging baskets or decorative containers. Native to Central and South America, it thrives indoors as a houseplant and is loved for both its ornamental beauty and ease of care.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">The plant has an attractive spreading habit and produces small, three-petaled flowers that are typically pink or white. While each individual flower is short-lived, they bloom frequently during the growing season, adding to the plant’s charm.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight may scorch the variegated leaves, while too little light can cause the plant to lose its vibrant coloring and become leggy. East or north-facing windows are ideal.","Watering":"Water when the top inch of the soil feels dry. The plant prefers consistently moist but not soggy soil. Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot, and ensure the pot has good drainage. Reduce watering frequency in winter.","Soil":"Prefers a light, well-draining potting mix, such as standard indoor potting soil with added perlite or coarse sand to improve drainage.","Temperature":"Best grown in temperatures between 18–26°C (65–80°F). It is not frost-tolerant and should be protected from cold drafts. Minimum temperature should not fall below 10°C (50°F).","Humidity":"Appreciates moderate to high humidity, especially in dry indoor environments. Mist the plant occasionally or place it near a humidifier if the air is dry.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble houseplant fertilizer at half strength. No fertilization is needed in winter.","Pruning":"Regular pruning helps maintain the plant’s bushy shape and encourages fuller growth. Pinch back leggy stems or trim overgrowth. Cuttings can be rooted easily in water or soil.","Propagation":"Easily propagated through stem cuttings. Simply cut a healthy stem just below a node and place it in water or directly into moist soil. Roots form quickly, and the new plant can be potted once well established.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nMildly toxic. While Tradescantia cerinthoides is not considered highly dangerous to humans, its sap can cause mild skin irritation or allergic reactions, especially in those with sensitive skin. Ingestion may cause mouth irritation, nausea, or vomiting in small children. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nPotentially toxic. This plant can cause mild to moderate irritation in cats and dogs, particularly to the mouth, tongue, and stomach if chewed or ingested. Symptoms may include drooling, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, or loss of appetite. The irritation is typically caused by calcium oxalate crystals or other irritants in the sap. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tPossible presence of oxalates or irritating plant saps <br>\n\t•\tNot known to contain lethal toxins, but still best kept out of reach of pets and children"}
Fishbone Prayer Plant (Ctenanthe Burle-marxii) Marantaceae

209 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Ctenanthe burle-marxii is a species of evergreen perennial with soft hairy, purple tinge-green stems, 15cm (5.5 inch) long. The striking ovate to oblong ovate leaves are hairless, have strong variegation of dark green with upward strokes of silvery-white. The underleaf has a strong burgundy colouring. Ctenanthe burle-marxii have sickle-shaped, dark green markings, prominent main veins and leaf bases of unequal sizes. The stem leaves are much larger than the basal leaves. White flowers are borne in inconspicuous spikes intermittently throughout the year.Ctenanthe burle-marxii is a low growing plant that grows to not much more than 30cm (12 inch) but gets wider and wider.Ctenanthe burle-marxii is native to an area from southern Central America south to southeastern Brazil. During the day this beautiful Ctenanthe plant displays its striking oval pale green leaves with dark green markings in all their glory and then when night falls it folds up it's leaves displaying it's deep purple undersides.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch its delicate leaves, while too little light can dull the color patterns and slow growth. North or east-facing windows are ideal, or filtered light in brighter rooms.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top inch of soil starts to dry, and avoid letting the soil fully dry out. Use distilled or filtered water if your tap water is high in salts or chlorine, as this plant is sensitive to water quality.","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining, peat-based potting mix. A mix formulated for African violets or tropical plants, possibly with added perlite or orchid bark for improved aeration, works well.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm environments between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It does not tolerate cold or drafts well. Avoid exposure to temperatures below 15°C (59°F) for extended periods.","Humidity":"Loves high humidity (over 50%, ideally around 60–70%). Low humidity can cause leaf curling or browning edges. Consider using a humidifier, misting regularly, or placing the pot on a humidity tray to maintain adequate levels indoors.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a diluted, balanced liquid fertilizer. Over-fertilization can lead to root damage or leaf burn, so it’s better to underfeed than overfeed.","Pruning":"Light pruning can help maintain shape and encourage new growth. Remove yellowed or damaged leaves at the base with clean scissors to keep the plant healthy and attractive.","Propagation":"Best propagated by division during repotting. Carefully separate rooted clusters and plant them in fresh, moist soil. Keep new divisions warm and humid until established.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nNon-toxic. Ctenanthe burle-marxii is considered safe for humans, including children. There are no known toxic effects from touching or ingesting the plant. However, as with any plant, ingestion in large quantities could cause mild digestive upset. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nGenerally non-toxic. It is not known to be poisonous to cats or dogs. However, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea, due to the plant material irritating the digestive tract. Supervision is still recommended to prevent chewing on foliage. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tNone confirmed <br>\n\t•\tNo evidence of oxalates or alkaloids in harmful concentrations"}
Japanese Camellia( Camellia japonica) Theaceae

210 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Japanese Camellia is an iconic plant known for its elegant blooms and glossy foliage.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Create serene outdoor spaces with this timeless botanical masterpiece.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Japanese Camellia is seriously impressive - the flowers are huge, like 2 to 5 inches (5-12.5 cm) wide, and they come in all sorts of colors, from soft pink to bright red. Plus, they have all these layers of petals that look so cool. The leaves are always green, too, so you get a really nice backdrop all year round. Best of all, the Camellia blooms in late winter to early spring when everything else is still looking kinda gray and blah. It's like a burst of color just when you need it most!</p> {"Light":"Prefers partial shade to filtered sunlight. Direct, harsh sun can scorch leaves and fade flower color, while too little light reduces blooming. Morning sun with afternoon shade is ideal, or dappled light beneath taller trees.","Watering":"Needs regular, deep watering to keep soil moist but not waterlogged. Good drainage is important to prevent root rot. Mulching helps retain moisture and keep roots cool.","Soil":"Prefers acidic, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. A slightly acidic pH of 5.5 to 6.5 is optimal. Soil that holds moisture but drains well is best; amend heavy clay soils with compost and sand to improve texture.","Temperature":"Thrives in mild, temperate climates with cool winters and moderate summers. It prefers temperatures between 10–21°C (50–70°F) but can tolerate brief cold spells down to about -10°C (14°F) if sheltered. Avoid extreme heat or dry conditions.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity. Indoor plants benefit from occasional misting or placement near a humidity source during dry periods.","Fertilization":"Feed in early spring and mid-summer with a fertilizer formulated for acid-loving plants. Use a slow-release fertilizer or a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid fertilizing in late fall or winter.","Pruning":"Prune lightly after flowering to shape the plant and remove dead or weak branches. Avoid heavy pruning as it can reduce next season’s blooms.","Propagation":"Commonly propagated through semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late summer or by layering. Seeds are less commonly used due to slower growth and variability.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nJapanese Camellia is generally considered non-toxic to humans. However, ingestion of large quantities is not recommended as it may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort, but such cases are rare. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nCamellia japonica is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. Pets chewing on the plant are unlikely to suffer serious health effects, although large ingestion might cause minor digestive upset like vomiting or diarrhea. Overall, it is regarded as safe for households with pets. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tNo known harmful toxins identified in significant amounts <br>\n\t•\tSafe for garden and indoor environments in terms of toxicity"}
Pink Arum Lily (Zantedeschia Rehmannii) Araceae

211 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Pink Calla Lily has become favorite house plant, and it's easy to see why! Its charming, funnel-shaped blooms may be pink, rose, lavender or violet. It is a smaller plant (growing up to 16 in/40 cm) than the white or yellow varieties ... and I think much more attractive. Those long, tapered leaves are deep green, often with faint white spots. You'll find these petite pink callas for sale in nurseries and online flower delivery sites in late winter, spring and summer.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">You can now buy lilies in florist's shops around the holidays, too.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light or partial shade. It thrives in filtered sunlight but can tolerate some morning sun. Avoid intense afternoon sun, which can scorch the leaves.","Watering":"Requires regular watering to keep soil consistently moist during the growing season, but avoid waterlogging. Reduce watering in the dormant period when the foliage dies back.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, rich, organic soil with good moisture retention. A mix with compost or peat moss works well to maintain nutrient levels and moisture balance.","Temperature":"Grows best in mild to warm climates with temperatures between 15–25°C (59–77°F). It is frost-sensitive and should be protected or brought indoors during cold weather below 10°C (50°F).","Humidity":"Enjoys moderate humidity. Indoor plants benefit from occasional misting, especially in dry environments.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer to promote healthy growth and flowering. Avoid fertilizing during dormancy.","Pruning":"Remove yellowing or dead leaves and spent flowers to encourage new growth and maintain plant health.","Propagation":"Propagated mainly by dividing rhizomes during the dormant season. Seeds are rarely used due to slow growth and difficulty.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nZantedeschia rehmannii contains calcium oxalate crystals, which are sharp, needle-like structures that can cause irritation and burning sensations if ingested or if they come in contact with skin or mucous membranes. Ingestion can lead to painful swelling of the mouth, throat, and digestive tract, causing difficulty swallowing and vomiting. Handling the plant without gloves may cause skin irritation or rash in sensitive individuals. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is toxic to cats and dogs. If pets chew or ingest any part of the Pink Arum Lily, they can experience oral irritation, drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, and in severe cases, swelling of the airways which can be dangerous. Immediate veterinary attention is recommended if ingestion occurs. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tCalcium oxalate crystals (raphides) responsible for irritation and toxicity <br>\n\t•\tCauses localized inflammation and pain in mouth, throat, and digestive tract <br>"}
The Heart Of Jesus (Caladium bicolor) Araceae

212 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">If foliage color and pattern are your cup of tea, Caladium bicolor suits your taste. Commonly known as Caladium or Angel Wings, this tropical plant has captured the heart of many with its vibrant, multicolored foliage. It's a favorite among gardeners not only for its unique beauty but also for its ease of care.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Caladium bicolor is a perennial plant native to Central and South America, primarily found in the Amazon rainforest. Those heart-shaped leaves that come in striking colors and patterns set this plant apart. They typically grow to 1-2 feet tall and are perfect as ornamental houseplants or as annual outdoor bedding or borders.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Caladium flowers resemble Calla lily, producing spadix inflorescence. They come in yellow, gold, or green colors and bloom anytime from spring to fall. However, they remain inconspicuous and are often overshadowed by the colorful foliage.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Despite its beauty, Caladium bicolor carries a poisonous characteristic. It contains high amounts of calcium oxalates that can cause mouth swelling, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin irritation when swallowed. So, it's best to keep this plant away from pets and kids.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light to partial shade. Direct sunlight can scorch its delicate leaves, so filtered or dappled light is ideal. Too little light will cause the colors to fade and slow growth.","Watering":"Requires consistent moisture during the growing season, but the soil should never be soggy. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry, ensuring good drainage to prevent root rot. Reduce watering during dormancy in cooler months when the foliage dies back.","Soil":"Grows best in well-draining, rich, organic soil that retains moisture but does not become waterlogged. A mix of peat, compost, and perlite or sand is suitable.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures ranging from 18–27°C (65–80°F). It is sensitive to cold and should be protected from temperatures below 15°C (59°F). It is not frost-tolerant.","Humidity":"Prefers high humidity levels (60–80%). Increase humidity with misting, pebble trays, or a humidifier if grown indoors, especially in dry environments.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during active growth with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Fertilization can be stopped or reduced during dormancy.","Pruning":"Remove yellowing or dead leaves promptly to maintain plant health and appearance. Cut back the foliage during dormancy to prepare for new growth.","Propagation":"Primarily propagated by dividing tubers or rhizomes during the dormant season. Seed propagation is less common due to slow growth.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nCaladium bicolor contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals which can cause severe irritation if ingested or handled improperly. Contact with skin may cause itching, redness, or rash, while ingestion leads to burning and swelling of the mouth, tongue, and throat, difficulty swallowing, and intense pain. In severe cases, it can cause vomiting and gastrointestinal distress. It is important to keep the plant away from children and to wash hands after handling. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe Heart of Jesus is toxic to cats and dogs. If ingested, pets may exhibit symptoms such as drooling, oral irritation, pawing at the mouth, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing due to the calcium oxalate crystals. Prompt veterinary care is essential to prevent complications. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tInsoluble calcium oxalate crystals causing mechanical irritation <br>\n\t•\tLeads to inflammation and pain in oral and digestive tissues"}
Garden Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Asteraceae

213 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Perhaps the easiest vegetable you can grow at home, Lettuce is a popular and well-loved crop worldwide. These plants can grow and thrive in various conditions, making them wonderful options for gardeners of all levels.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a popular, fast-growing leafy vegetable often found in salads, soups, or stews. It is believed that the plant originated from ancient Egypt, where it was used for consumption. Fast forward to today, you'll be able to find hundreds of lettuce varieties in farmer's markets, supermarkets, and garden centers everywhere in the world. Due to Lettuce consisting of more than 70% water, it is one of the few veggies that can't be frozen, canned, or pickled.</p> {"Light":"Prefers full sun to partial shade. Lettuce grows best in cool weather with plenty of sunlight, but can bolt (go to seed) quickly under intense heat.","Watering":"Requires consistent moisture to maintain tender leaves. Water regularly to keep soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Dry conditions cause bitterness and tough leaves.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Adding compost before planting enhances growth and flavor.","Temperature":"Thrives in cool temperatures between 15–20°C (59–68°F). It is a cool-season crop that prefers spring and fall planting. Temperatures above 24°C (75°F) can cause bitterness and early bolting.","Humidity":"This plant will thrive in moderate humidity. Most likely, your home fits within this range. However, occasional misting several times a week would be a great plu:\nEnsure good ventilation of the room.","Fertilization":"Benefit from balanced, nitrogen-rich fertilizers to support leafy growth. Fertilize lightly during the growing season, avoiding excessive nitrogen that can reduce flavor.","Pruning":"Leaves can be harvested as soon as they reach usable size (for leaf varieties), or the whole head can be cut when mature. Harvesting early encourages continued growth for some types.","Propagation":"Grown from seeds, which germinate best in cool soil. Seeds are usually sown directly outdoors or started indoors and transplanted.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nGarden Lettuce is non-toxic and safe for human consumption. It is a common edible vegetable with nutritional benefits including vitamins A, K, and folate, as well as dietary fiber.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nLettuce is generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. However, large quantities can cause mild digestive upset such as diarrhea due to its high fiber content."}
French Lavender (Lavandula dentata) Lamiaceae

214 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The familiar aromatic and sweet scent of this Lavender paired with distinctive foliage and multipurpose flowers is all in a beautiful and easy-to-care plant.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">French Lavender is originally from the Mediterranean area and is quite famous in Provence, France. This species can boast 24 inches (60 cm) tall stems and has fern-like, cute foliage that has teeth-like dented form, hence its Latin name. You can recognize it by its blueish-purple flowers, which grow in spike-like shapes and have a lovely aroma. The flowers blossom from spring to summer and sometimes bloom more than once a year.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun (at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily) for best growth and flowering. Insufficient light can lead to leggy growth and sparse blooms.","Watering":"Prefers moderate to low watering. Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, especially in humid climates.","Soil":"Needs well-drained, sandy or loamy soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH (6.5–8.0). Poor drainage is a common cause of lavender decline. Raised beds or gravelly soils are ideal.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm, temperate to hot climates. Ideal temperature range is 18–30°C (65–86°F). It is not frost-hardy and must be protected or brought indoors in areas with freezing winters.","Humidity":"Tolerates low to moderate humidity. High humidity can encourage fungal diseases, especially if air circulation is poor.","Fertilization":"Minimal feeding is required. Use a light, balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) once in early spring. Over-fertilization can lead to excessive foliage at the expense of blooms.","Pruning":"Prune back after flowering to maintain shape and encourage new growth. Avoid cutting into woody stems, as these may not regenerate. Annual pruning helps prevent legginess and extends plant life.","Propagation":"Easily propagated from semi-hardwood cuttings taken in spring or early summer. Seeds can be used but germination is slow and less reliable than cuttings.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans: <br>\nFrench Lavender is generally safe for human use, especially in aromatherapy, culinary flavoring, and cosmetics. However, large internal consumption of essential oils can cause gastrointestinal upset, drowsiness, or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Essential oil should never be ingested undiluted. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nLavandula dentata is mildly toxic to cats and dogs, primarily due to linalool and linalyl acetate, which are compounds found in the essential oils. If ingested in large quantities, symptoms may include vomiting, nausea, lack of appetite, or lethargy. However, most pets avoid the strong scent, and casual contact is usually harmless. Use caution if planting in areas where pets frequently roam. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tLinalool <br>\n\t•\tLinalyl acetate <br>"}
Watermelon Peperomia (Peperomia argyreia) Piperaceae

215 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Peperomia argyreia, commonly known as Watermelon Peperomia, is a compact, tropical, evergreen houseplant that gets its name from the striking resemblance of its rounded, fleshy leaves to the rind of a watermelon. The foliage is characterized by bold silver and dark green stripes radiating from a reddish central stem. Native to South America, particularly Brazil, Bolivia, and Venezuela, this species is highly favored for its ornamental foliage and easy indoor maintenance. It typically grows in a rosette form and remains low-growing, rarely exceeding 20–30 cm (8–12 in) in height, making it an excellent choice for desktops, shelves, or small plant groupings.</span></blockquote><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. It tolerates moderate light but will lose its vibrant leaf patterns in low light. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves.","Watering":"Water when the top inch of soil feels dry. This plant prefers consistently moist but not soggy soil. It is sensitive to overwatering and prone to root rot if left in waterlogged soil. Reduce watering in the winter months.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining potting mix, such as a blend formulated for houseplants or succulents. Adding perlite or orchid bark can improve aeration.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm indoor temperatures ranging from 18–26°C (65–79°F). It should be protected from drafts and cold temperatures below 10°C (50°F).","Humidity":"Enjoys moderate to high humidity, though it adapts well to average household levels. During dry seasons or in heated rooms, a humidity tray or occasional misting can help.","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength once a month during the growing season (spring to early fall). Avoid fertilizing in winter when growth slows.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is needed. Remove any yellowing or damaged leaves to maintain appearance. Pinching the tips can encourage bushier growth.","Propagation":"Easily propagated via leaf cuttings or stem cuttings in soil or water. Allow cuttings to callous slightly before planting.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nPeperomia argyreia is non-toxic to humans and considered safe to grow around children. It is not intended for consumption, but accidental ingestion is unlikely to cause harm.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is non-toxic to cats and dogs, according to the ASPCA. It’s a safe choice for pet-friendly households. Even if nibbled, it is unlikely to cause adverse effects.<br>\n\n🌱Toxic Compounds:<br>\nNone known."}
Clusia Rosea (Clusia rosea) Clusiaceae

216 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Clusia is a large genus of trees and shrubs native to tropical America. It is characterized by its branches, which grow horizontally, and its leaves, which are thick and tough. The only commonly grown Clusia plant is the autograph tree.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">There are about 150 Clusia species, but Clusia rosea, or the autograph tree, is the only one commonly grown. It is notable for its tendency to grow on top of and strangle other plants. It is an invasive species. Another unusual quality, this species is part of the only genus of plants capable of absorbing carbon dioxide at night. The tree has stiff, dark green or olive colored leathery leaves that grow to about 8 inches long. These leaves are tough enough that they can be carved into, hence the common name "autograph tree." It also blooms pink or white flowers in long flower heads during the summer and small green fruits that ripen to black and eventually split open to reveal bright red seeds. These seeds are very attractive to birds and other fauna.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light but can tolerate some direct sunlight. Outdoors in tropical climates, it does well in full sun to partial shade.","Watering":"Water regularly, allowing the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil to dry out between waterings. It is somewhat drought-tolerant once established, but consistent moisture (not soggy) is ideal. Avoid letting the plant sit in standing water.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, aerated soil mix. A peat-based potting soil amended with perlite or sand works well.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 18–30°C (64–86°F). Not frost-tolerant; avoid exposure to temperatures below 10°C (50°F).","Humidity":"Tolerates average household humidity but prefers moderate to high humidity. Occasional misting or a nearby humidifier can benefit the plant in drier environments.","Fertilization":"Feed with a balanced liquid fertilizer once a month during the growing season (spring to early autumn). Reduce feeding in winter.","Pruning":"Can be pruned to maintain a desired shape or size. Pruning also helps encourage fuller, bushier growth.","Propagation":"Propagated easily via stem cuttings placed in water or moist soil. Allow cuttings to root in a warm, humid environment.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nClusia rosea is mildly toxic to humans if ingested. The sap may also cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. It is best to keep the plant out of reach of small children who might chew on the leaves.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nClusia rosea is considered toxic to pets. If ingested, it may cause symptoms such as vomiting, drooling, and gastrointestinal upset in cats and dogs.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nThe plant contains unknown irritants in its latex-like sap, which can be mildly toxic if consumed or if it comes in contact with skin or mucous membranes."}
Baby Sun Rose(Mesembryanthemum cordifolium ) Aizoaceae

217 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Mesembryanthemum cordifolium, commonly known as Baby Sun Rose or Heartleaf Ice Plant, is a fast-growing, low-spreading succulent native to South Africa. It’s a popular groundcover in warm climates and also cultivated in containers or hanging baskets for its trailing habit. The plant is characterized by its fleshy, heart-shaped green leaves and small, daisy-like flowers that range from bright magenta to pink. These flowers open during the day in the presence of sunlight and close at night or on cloudy days.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">This sun-loving succulent is often grown for ornamental purposes due to its dense mat-forming nature, attractive foliage, and vibrant blooms. It’s drought-tolerant, low-maintenance, and excellent for erosion control on slopes or in rock gardens.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Thrives in full sun but can tolerate partial shade. However, flowering is most prolific with ample sunlight.","Watering":"As a succulent, it requires infrequent watering. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering may lead to root rot.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, sandy or gritty soil. Cactus or succulent potting mixes work well.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures (ideal range: 20–30°C / 68–86°F). It is frost-sensitive and should be protected or brought indoors when temperatures fall below 5°C (41°F).","Humidity":"Tolerates a range of humidity levels but does best in low to moderate humidity. Ensure good air circulation to avoid fungal issues.","Fertilization":"Not a heavy feeder. A light feeding of diluted balanced fertilizer once or twice during the growing season (spring and summer) is sufficient.","Pruning":"Can be pruned back to maintain shape or control spread. Pinching tips will encourage bushier growth.","Propagation":"Easily propagated via stem cuttings. Simply cut a healthy stem and allow it to dry for a day before placing it in soil. It roots quickly and easily.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nMesembryanthemum cordifolium is non-toxic to humans and is considered safe to grow in gardens or homes where children are present.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is generally considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. However, consuming large amounts of any plant material may cause mild digestive upset (such as vomiting or diarrhea) due to the fibrous nature of the foliage."}
Zebra Haworthia(Haworthiopsis attenuata) Asphodelaceae

218 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Haworthiopsis attenuata, commonly known as Zebra Haworthia, is a compact, slow-growing succulent native to the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It forms small rosettes of thick, dark green, pointed leaves that are covered with distinctive white horizontal bands on the outer surfaces—resembling a zebra pattern, hence the common name. This plant is a favorite among succulent collectors and indoor plant enthusiasts due to its low maintenance requirements and striking appearance.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">Unlike some succulents, Zebra Haworthia prefers indirect light and tolerates lower light conditions better than many others, making it ideal for offices and shaded interiors. It produces slender flower stalks bearing small, tubular white flowers—though these are typically secondary to the ornamental foliage.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate partial shade. Direct sunlight can cause leaf scorching, especially in hot climates. Indoors, place near an east or west-facing window.","Watering":"Water deeply but infrequently. Allow the soil to dry completely between waterings. Reduce watering in winter when the plant goes semi-dormant. Avoid letting water sit in the rosette to prevent rot.","Soil":"Needs a well-draining succulent or cactus mix. Amend standard potting soil with sand, pumice, or perlite if necessary.","Temperature":"Thrives in typical indoor temperatures ranging from 18–26°C (65–80°F). Protect from frost; do not expose to temperatures below 10°C (50°F).","Humidity":"Tolerates low humidity well. Does not require additional humidity and thrives in dry indoor air.","Fertilization":"Fertilize sparingly—use a diluted (half-strength) cactus fertilizer once a month during the growing season. Avoid feeding in the dormant winter months.","Pruning":"Rarely needs pruning. Simply remove any dried or withered leaves at the base to maintain appearance and plant health.","Propagation":"Easily propagated via offsets, which grow in clusters around the base. Gently separate them from the parent plant and allow the cut surfaces to dry for a day or two before planting in dry soil. Water lightly after a week.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nHaworthiopsis attenuata is non-toxic to humans and safe to handle. It is not edible but poses no risk if accidentally touched.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is non-toxic to cats and dogs. According to the ASPCA, it is pet-friendly and considered a safe succulent option for homes with animals.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNone. It does not contain saponins, alkaloids, or other known plant toxins."}
Common Fig (Ficus carica) Moraceae

219 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Common Fig is a perennial flowering plant that belongs to the Moraceae family and is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean. It is known all over the world for its edible fruits, which look like pear-shaped bags in a green, yellow, red, or purple color.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The flesh is very sweet and filled with dark seeds. The plant can grow up to 32.8 ft (10 m) tall and has large dissected or entire leaves with three-lobed edges and a bright green color.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The flowers, on the other hand, are located inside a special type of floral structure known as syconia and are sometimes hard to spot. Today, this plant is actively used in various fields, becoming more and more common every year.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun for at least 6–8 hours a day. Insufficient light will result in poor fruit production and leggy growth.","Watering":"Young fig trees need regular watering to establish roots, but mature trees are relatively drought-tolerant. Water deeply and infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Avoid waterlogging, which can cause root rot.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, loamy or sandy soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH (6.0–7.5). Figs can tolerate poor soils but perform best with good drainage and moderate fertility.","Temperature":"Figs thrive in warm climates with temperatures between 21–30°C (70–86°F). They can tolerate short periods of frost (down to -9°C or 15°F for hardy varieties), but container-grown plants should be brought indoors or protected in winter in colder climates.","Humidity":"Adapts well to low and moderate humidity. High humidity may promote fungal leaf diseases if air circulation is poor.","Fertilization":"Apply a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) once a month during the growing season. Avoid overfertilizing, which may result in excessive foliage at the expense of fruit production.","Pruning":"Prune during the dormant season (late winter) to maintain shape, remove dead or weak branches, and encourage airflow. Fig trees benefit from thinning and reduction in overcrowded branches to improve fruit yield and quality.","Propagation":"Easily propagated through hardwood cuttings taken in late winter or early spring. Also propagated by layering or from seed (though seed-grown trees may not be true to variety).","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe fruit of the fig tree is completely edible and non-toxic. However, the sap (latex) from the leaves and stems can cause skin irritation, rashes, or photosensitivity in some individuals. This is due to compounds called furocoumarins found in the milky latex. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nFicus carica is toxic to cats and dogs. If ingested, it may cause symptoms such as vomiting, drooling, diarrhea, skin irritation, and potentially more severe reactions depending on the quantity consumed. The sap can also cause skin reactions if touched.\n\n<br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tFurocoumarins (e.g., psoralen) <br>\n\t•\tProteolytic enzymes (in sap)"}
Thyme( Thymus vulgaris) Lamiaceae

220 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Thyme is a flowering plant often used in the garden as a ground cover plant. Its fragrant leaves with flowers are common ingredients in cooking and medicine. Lucky for us plant lovers, this fragrant herb can also be grown at home!</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Thymus vulgaris grows in the southern part of Italy. It is part of the mint family Lamiaceae.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">This plant belongs to perennials with a straight stem reaching up to 0,66 feet (20 cm) in size.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The leaves are gray-green in color. Flowers come in different shades of pink. They can also be white. In the wild, thyme can be found in forest regions.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun for optimal growth and oil production. A minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight daily is ideal. In lower light conditions, growth will be slower and flavor may diminish.","Watering":"Water sparingly. Thyme is drought-tolerant once established. Allow the soil to dry out between waterings, and avoid overhead watering to reduce the risk of fungal diseases.","Soil":"Prefers well-drained, sandy or rocky soil with a slightly alkaline to neutral pH (6.0–8.0). Avoid heavy, moisture-retentive soils which can cause root rot.","Temperature":"Grows best in temperatures between 16–28°C (60–82°F). Hardy in USDA zones 5–9. It can survive light frosts but may need protection in extremely cold or wet winters.","Humidity":"Thrives in dry to moderate humidity. Good air circulation is essential to prevent mildew or other fungal issues.","Fertilization":"Thyme does not require heavy feeding. Fertilize once in spring with a light application of compost or a diluted balanced fertilizer. Overfertilization can reduce the flavor intensity of the leaves.","Pruning":"Regular light pruning helps maintain a compact shape and encourages new growth. After flowering, cut back about one-third of the plant to promote bushiness and prevent woody stems.","Propagation":"Propagated by seed, cuttings, or division. Cuttings root easily in moist, well-drained soil. Seeds can be slow to germinate but are viable.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThymus vulgaris is non-toxic and safe for human consumption, widely used in cooking and herbal medicine. Large medicinal doses, especially of concentrated thyme oil, may cause digestive irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, but typical culinary use is entirely safe.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThyme is generally safe for pets when grown in the garden or home. However, thyme essential oil can be toxic if ingested in concentrated form and may cause symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, or liver issues in pets. Always use caution with essential oils and avoid giving them to animals.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\n\t•\tThymol and carvacrol (potent essential oils—safe in plant form but strong in extracts).<br>"}
Dragon Fruit Cactus( Selenicereus undatus) Cactaceae

221 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Selenicereus undatus, widely known as the Dragon Fruit Cactus or White-Fleshed Pitaya, is a sprawling, climbing cactus native to Central America. This epiphytic cactus is famous for producing large, fragrant, night-blooming flowers and vibrant, pink-skinned fruits with white flesh speckled with tiny black seeds. The fruits are mildly sweet and packed with nutrients, often used in smoothies, fruit salads, and desserts.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">The plant has three-sided, fleshy green stems with small clusters of spines along the ridges. It uses aerial roots to cling to surfaces and can grow aggressively under the right conditions. Due to its fast growth, exotic appearance, and edible fruit, it’s cultivated commercially and increasingly grown at home in tropical and subtropical climates—or indoors in large containers with proper support and light.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Requires full sun for optimal growth and fruit production. At least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily is ideal. Indoors, place in the brightest location available or supplement with grow lights.","Watering":"Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to nearly dry out between waterings. During the active growing season (spring to fall), water when the top 5–8 cm (2–3 in) of soil is dry. In winter, reduce watering significantly. Overwatering can lead to root rot.","Soil":"Prefers a well-draining cactus mix or sandy loam with organic matter. Good drainage is essential. A mix of potting soil, perlite, and coarse sand works well in containers.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm temperatures between 20–35°C (68–95°F). It is not frost-tolerant and should be protected from temperatures below 5°C (41°F). In cooler regions, grow indoors or in a greenhouse.","Humidity":"Tolerates a wide range of humidity levels but prefers moderate humidity with good airflow. Avoid overly humid and stagnant environments that encourage fungal issues.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season with a balanced or low-nitrogen cactus fertilizer to encourage blooms and fruiting. Reduce feeding in fall and winter.","Pruning":"Prune in late winter or early spring to control size, shape, and improve airflow. Remove damaged or overcrowded stems to prevent fungal problems and promote better light penetration.","Propagation":"Easily propagated via stem cuttings. Allow cuttings to dry for a few days before planting in well-draining soil. It can also be grown from seed, but fruiting will take several years.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nDragon Fruit Cactus is non-toxic to humans. Both the fruit and plant are safe to handle and consume. The fruit is edible, nutritious, and often considered a superfood. However, the cactus stems are not typically eaten and can cause mild stomach upset if consumed raw.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is non-toxic to pets. The fruit and stems are not known to contain any compounds harmful to cats or dogs. While not intended for animal consumption, ingestion is generally safe and unlikely to cause harm.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNone known."}
Peanut Cactus (Lobivia silvestrii) Cactaceae

222 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Lobivia silvestrii, commonly known as the Peanut Cactus, is a small, mat-forming cactus native to Argentina. It gets its name from the elongated, finger-like stems that resemble peanuts in shape and grow in dense clumps. These green stems are soft-spined and can reach up to 10 cm (4 inches) long and about 1.5 cm (0.6 inches) wide.</span><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">One of the most charming features of the Peanut Cactus is its spectacular flowering display. During the spring and summer, it produces large, vibrant, funnel-shaped blooms in shades of orange, red, or occasionally yellow, which contrast beautifully with its compact green stems. Due to its manageable size and low maintenance needs, it’s a popular choice for windowsills, rock gardens, and hanging containers.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, direct sunlight for at least 4–6 hours per day. Outdoors, it thrives in full sun; indoors, place near a south- or west-facing window. If grown in low light, it may become elongated and lose its compact shape.","Watering":"Water thoroughly but infrequently. Allow the soil to completely dry out between waterings. During the growing season (spring to early fall), water once every 1–2 weeks. In winter, reduce watering to once a month or less to allow for dormancy.","Soil":"Requires well-draining cactus or succulent soil. A mixture of potting soil with sand, perlite, or pumice is ideal to prevent water retention.","Temperature":"Ideal temperature range is 15–30°C (59–86°F). It is frost-sensitive and should be protected from temperatures below -2°C (28°F). In colder regions, overwinter indoors in a cool, dry, bright area.","Humidity":"Tolerates low humidity well. Avoid placing in overly humid environments which can lead to fungal issues or rot.","Fertilization":"Fertilize lightly during the growing season with a low-nitrogen cactus fertilizer every 4–6 weeks. Do not fertilize in winter.","Pruning":"No major pruning is needed. Remove dead or damaged stems as needed. Clumps can be divided to control spread or for propagation.","Propagation":"Very easily propagated through stem cuttings. Simply cut or twist off a segment, let it callous for a few days, then plant in dry soil. Rooting typically occurs within a few weeks.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Peanut Cactus is non-toxic to humans. It poses no risk if touched or accidentally ingested in small amounts, though it is not intended for consumption. Its spines are soft and not harmful.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nLobivia silvestrii is non-toxic to cats and dogs. It is considered a pet-safe cactus. Ingestion of small amounts may cause minor digestive irritation due to plant fiber, but no serious effects are expected.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNone known."}
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) Caryophyllaceae

223 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Carnation is a cool flowering plant that smells great and has lots of colors. It's from the Mediterranean, and people have been growing it for ages. Plus, it's really easy to take care of!</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Carnations, also known as Dianthus caryophyllus, have these narrow, pointy leaves that grow in pairs, which look pretty cool on their wiry stems. The best part about carnations is their petals - they come in pink, red, white, yellow, and even some two-color combos. And they're not just any petals - they're ruffled and look like pom-poms! Carnations usually grow to be around 1-2 feet (2.5-5 cm) tall, with flower sizes between 1-3 inches (2.5-7.5 cm). They bloom a lot in the spring and summer, but sometimes you can see them blooming in the fall too!</p> {"Light":"Thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal flowering. In very hot climates, it can benefit from some afternoon shade to prevent flower fading.","Watering":"Water regularly but moderately, keeping the soil slightly moist but not soggy. Allow the top layer of soil to dry slightly between waterings. Avoid wetting the foliage and flowers to prevent fungal issues.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, fertile soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH (6.7–7.5). Avoid heavy clay soils that retain too much water.","Temperature":"Best grown in temperatures between 15–24°C (59–75°F). Carnations prefer mild climates and may struggle in extreme heat or humidity. They can tolerate light frost but should be protected from prolonged freezing.","Humidity":"Performs best in moderate humidity. High humidity with poor airflow can lead to fungal diseases like rust and mildew. Good air circulation around the plant is essential.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer or one high in phosphorus to support blooming. Avoid excessive nitrogen, which promotes foliage over flowers.","Pruning":"Deadhead spent blooms regularly to encourage continued flowering and maintain neatness. Cut back stems after flowering to promote bushier growth. For cut flower use, harvest stems just as buds begin to open.","Propagation":"Carnations can be propagated by stem cuttings, division, or seeds. Cuttings taken in late summer can be rooted in moist, sterile media and overwintered indoors or in a greenhouse.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nDianthus caryophyllus is generally non-toxic to humans, though contact with the sap may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals. The petals are sometimes used as edible garnishes but should only be consumed in moderation and if pesticide-free. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nCarnations are mildly toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea, and skin contact may cause mild dermatitis. Reactions are usually not severe or life-threatening. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tTriterpenoid saponins <br>\n\t•\tMild irritants in sap <br>"}
Northern white-cedar(Thuja occidentalis) Cupressaceae

224 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Thuja occidentalis, also known as northern white-cedar or eastern arborvitae, is an evergreen coniferous tree, in the cypress family Cupressacede, which is native to Canada and the United States, but widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The name arborvitae is particularly used in the horticultural trade in the United States. It is Latin for "tree of life" - due to the supposed medicinal properties of the sap, bark, and twigs.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Despite its common names, it is not a true cedar in the genus Cedrus, nor is it related to the Australian white cedar, Melia azedarach. Unlike the closely related western red-cedar (Thuja plicata), northern white-cedar is only a small or medium-sized tree, growing to a height of 15 m (49 ft) tall with a 0.9 m (3.0 ft) trunk diameter, exceptionally to 38 metres (125 ft) tall and 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) diameter. The tree is often stunted or prostrate in less favorable locations. The bark is red-brown, furrowed and peels in narrow, longitudinal strips.</p> {"Light":"Prefers full sun to partial shade. At least 4–6 hours of sunlight daily is ideal for healthy, compact growth. Too much shade can lead to thinning foliage and leggy branches.","Watering":"Requires regular watering, especially when young or newly planted. Water deeply once a week during dry periods. Mature trees are moderately drought-tolerant but benefit from occasional deep watering during extended dry spells.","Soil":"Grows best in moist, well-draining soil, but tolerates a wide range of soil types including loam, sandy loam, and clay. Slightly alkaline to neutral soil pH (6.0–8.0) is preferred.","Temperature":"Hardy to USDA Zones 2–7, it tolerates cold winters down to −40°C (−40°F). It prefers cool to temperate climates and may struggle in extreme heat and drought.","Humidity":"Thrives in moderate to high humidity. In very dry climates, occasional misting or mulching around the base helps maintain necessary moisture levels.","Fertilization":"Apply a balanced slow-release fertilizer in early spring, especially for younger or container-grown plants. Mature trees generally do not require frequent feeding.","Pruning":"Prune in early spring or mid-summer to shape or control size. Light, regular pruning helps maintain a compact, tidy appearance. Avoid cutting back into old wood as it may not regrow.","Propagation":"Propagated by semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer or seed, though seed propagation is slow and less reliable. Cuttings root well in humid conditions with bottom heat.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThuja occidentalis contains compounds that can be toxic if ingested in large amounts. The essential oils (especially thujone) found in the foliage and bark are neurotoxic and irritant. Consumption can lead to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and seizures in severe cases. Topical contact may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis tree is considered toxic to pets, particularly if they chew on the foliage or bark. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, tremors, or convulsions. Pets should be discouraged from chewing on or ingesting any part of the plant. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tThujone (a neurotoxic ketone) <br>\n\t•\tEssential oils (irritant to skin and mucosa) <br>"}
Keeled Oxtongue( Gasteria carinata) Asphodelaceae

225 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Keeled Oxtongue is a slow-growing, compact succulent native to South Africa. It's known for its thick, rough-textured leaves that grow in opposite rows, resembling a boat's keel - hence the name. The leaves are deep green with white speckles and sometimes feature ridges or a slightly curved shape. This plant stays small indoors, rarely exceeding 8 inches (20 cm) tall, making it a great fit for desks, windowsills, or mixed succulent arrangements. In ideal conditions, it may produce a tall flower spike with tubular, pinkish-orange blooms.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light but can tolerate lower light levels, making it excellent for indoor conditions. Too much direct sun can cause leaf scorching, while too little light may result in leggy growth.","Watering":"Water sparingly, allowing the soil to completely dry out between waterings. In the active growing season (spring and fall), water once every 10–14 days. During winter dormancy, reduce watering to once a month or less. Avoid water sitting in the rosette to prevent rot.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining cactus or succulent mix. A blend of potting soil with added perlite, pumice, or coarse sand works well. Good drainage is essential to prevent root rot.","Temperature":"Ideal temperature range is 15–27°C (59–81°F). It can tolerate short periods of cooler temperatures but should be protected from frost and not exposed to temperatures below 5°C (41°F).","Humidity":"Adapts well to low humidity. Does not require misting or additional humidity and thrives in average household conditions.","Fertilization":"Fertilize lightly during the growing season (spring to early autumn) with a diluted, balanced liquid fertilizer (¼ to ½ strength) every 4–6 weeks. Do not fertilize in winter.","Pruning":"Minimal pruning is needed. Remove dead or dried leaves by gently pulling or cutting them away at the base. Dead flower stalks can also be trimmed after blooming.","Propagation":"Propagated easily by leaf cuttings, offsets, or seed. Offsets form at the base of mature plants and can be separated and replanted once they have a few roots. Leaf cuttings should be dried for several days before planting.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nGasteria carinata is considered non-toxic to humans. It is safe to touch and handle, and accidental ingestion of small amounts is not known to cause harm. However, it is not intended for consumption. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is non-toxic to cats and dogs, according to ASPCA guidelines and other succulent safety resources. While ingestion might cause mild stomach upset in sensitive pets (due to fibrous leaves or soil contamination), it is not known to contain harmful compounds. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\nNone of toxicological concern are identified."}
Candelabra aloe( Aloe arborescens) Asphodelaceae

226 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Aloe arborescens, commonly known as the Candelabra Aloe, is a fast-growing, shrubby succulent native to southern Africa, especially in the mountainous regions of South Africa, Malawi, and Mozambique. It is one of the most striking aloes in cultivation due to its dramatic structure and brilliant winter flowers. This multi-branched plant can grow up to 2–3 meters (6.5–10 feet) tall and wide, forming dense thickets with a tree-like appearance—hence the species name arborescens, meaning “tree-like.”</span></blockquote><blockquote><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">The plant is best known for its long, arching leaves edged with soft teeth, and its vibrant orange to red tubular flowers that bloom in tall, candle-like spikes (inflorescences) during winter. These nectar-rich blooms are a favorite of hummingbirds, bees, and sunbirds. In its native range, it is often used as a living fence or protective barrier.</span></blockquote><blockquote><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">Besides its ornamental value, Aloe arborescens is prized for its medicinal uses, particularly in traditional medicine and natural remedies for burns, skin irritations, and immune support. It is also widely cultivated as a drought-tolerant landscape plant in Mediterranean and arid climates.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6 hours of direct light daily. While it tolerates partial shade, it will flower best in bright locations. Indoors, place near a south-facing window or supplement with a grow light.","Watering":"Water deeply but infrequently. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering is the most common cause of decline. During the active growing season (spring to fall), water every 10–14 days; reduce to once a month in winter.","Soil":"Requires well-draining, sandy or gritty soil. A cactus or succulent mix is ideal. In heavy soils, amend with sand, pumice, or perlite to ensure proper drainage and avoid root rot.","Temperature":"Prefers warm climates and grows best in temperatures between 18–30°C (64–86°F). It is mildly frost-tolerant (down to around -4°C or 25°F), but extended freezing will damage or kill the plant. In colder regions, it should be grown in containers and brought indoors during winter.","Humidity":"Thrives in low to moderate humidity. Does not require misting or extra moisture and may rot in excessively humid environments.","Fertilization":"Apply a diluted cactus fertilizer or balanced slow-release fertilizer once per month during the growing season. Do not fertilize in winter.","Pruning":"Remove old flower stalks and any dead or damaged leaves to maintain appearance. Prune back branches if the plant becomes too large or leggy.","Propagation":"Propagated easily from stem cuttings or pups (basal offshoots). Allow cuttings to callous for a few days before planting in dry, sandy soil. Seeds can also be used but germinate slowly.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nAloe arborescens is generally non-toxic to humans when used externally. The gel inside the leaves has soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, similar to Aloe vera, and is used topically for burns, wounds, and skin conditions. However, ingestion of the latex (yellow sap beneath the skin) can act as a strong laxative and may cause cramping, diarrhea, and electrolyte imbalance if consumed in excess. Internal use should only be done under medical supervision. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nLike many aloes, Aloe arborescens is toxic to cats and dogs if ingested. It contains compounds such as anthraquinones that can cause vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and tremors. Pet owners should keep the plant out of reach of curious animals. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tAnthraquinone glycosides (aloin, emodin) – cause gastrointestinal upset <br>\n\t•\tSaponins – mild irritants"}
Lemon Button Fern (Nephrolepis cordifolia) Nephrolepidaceae

227 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">The Lemon Button Fern (Nephrolepis cordifolia ‘Duffii’) is a compact, evergreen fern known for its small, round, button-like leaflets and subtle citrusy fragrance—hence the name “lemon button.” Native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Australia, this cultivar is a dwarf version of the larger sword fern (Nephrolepis cordifolia), growing only about 30 cm (12 in) tall and spreading in a dense, arching form.</span></blockquote><blockquote><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">This fern is prized as a low-maintenance houseplant or terrarium plant due to its tidy growth habit and tolerance of lower light conditions. It produces fine-textured fronds on thin, wiry stems that are both delicate in appearance and resilient in structure. While it prefers moist, humid environments, it’s more forgiving than many other ferns, making it a great choice for beginner plant lovers.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light but tolerates low light conditions. Avoid direct sun, especially intense afternoon rays, which can scorch its fronds. It also thrives under fluorescent lighting, making it suitable for offices or windowless rooms.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water thoroughly when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil feels dry. Avoid letting the plant dry out completely, as it may cause the fronds to turn brown and crispy. Reduce watering slightly in winter.","Soil":"Thrives in rich, well-draining soil that retains some moisture. A mix of peat moss, perlite, and potting soil is ideal. Avoid compacted or heavy soils that retain too much water.","Temperature":"Ideal temperature range is 16–27°C (60–80°F). It cannot tolerate frost and should be kept above 10°C (50°F) at all times. Sudden cold drafts can damage the foliage.","Humidity":"Loves high humidity (above 50%) but is more adaptable than many ferns. To boost humidity, place the plant on a pebble tray with water, mist regularly, or use a humidifier—especially in dry indoor environments.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season (spring through early fall) with a diluted liquid fertilizer (half-strength). Avoid overfertilizing, as it can cause leaf tip burn.","Pruning":"Trim away any yellow or brown fronds at the base to keep the plant tidy and encourage new growth. Routine grooming helps prevent overcrowding and improves airflow.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by division. Gently remove the plant from its pot and divide the root ball, ensuring each section has healthy roots and fronds. Replant in fresh soil and keep moist until established.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe Lemon Button Fern is non-toxic to humans. It is safe to handle, grow indoors, and have around children. There are no known toxic compounds or irritants in this fern.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nNephrolepis cordifolia ‘Duffii’ is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-safe houseplant. It is listed as safe by the ASPCA. Ingestion of large quantities may cause mild stomach upset due to plant fiber, but no harmful substances are present.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNone identified."}
Baby's Tears (Soleirolia soleirolii) Urticaceae

228 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">How can you not fall in love with these tiny bean-shaped leaves? Their delicate uniqueness surely catches plant lovers' eyes. By the way, the care is so easy!</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The Mediterranean region is native to the Baby's Tears plant, particularly Western islands, including Sardinia and Corsica. It is not very tall and it grows horizontally. In its natural habitat, it is sometimes perceived as an average weed.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Gardeners usually use it as a mat appearance in various compositions. The most common color is bright green; however, there are others, such as white, gold, yellow, and variegated.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">By the way, it produces small flowers during late spring and early summer. They have no petals; the color is creamy white. The plant prefers warm and humid environments.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Baby's Tears plant is safe for cats and dogs.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. It can tolerate lower light conditions, but its growth may slow, and the foliage may become sparse. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the delicate leaves. Near a north or east-facing window is ideal indoors.","Watering":"Keep the soil consistently moist, but not soggy. Baby’s Tears has shallow roots and dries out quickly—especially in warm or dry environments. Water thoroughly when the surface of the soil begins to dry, but ensure good drainage to prevent root rot. It may require daily or every-other-day watering in very warm conditions.","Soil":"Prefers rich, well-draining soil with good moisture retention. A mix of peat, perlite, and potting soil works well. The soil should stay lightly damp without becoming waterlogged.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 15–24°C (59–75°F). It does not tolerate frost and should be kept above 10°C (50°F). Sudden temperature drops or cold drafts can damage its delicate foliage.","Humidity":"Loves high humidity. Dry air will cause the leaves to curl and brown. Ideal for bathrooms, kitchens, terrariums, or rooms with humidifiers. Misting can help in dry conditions, but bottom watering is often more effective.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season (spring through early fall) with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer at ¼ to ½ strength. Avoid overfertilizing, as this plant is sensitive to chemical buildup.","Pruning":"Trim back any leggy, brown, or overgrown stems to encourage a fuller, denser shape. Regular trimming helps maintain its compact, tidy appearance and prevents it from overgrowing its space.","Propagation":"Extremely easy to propagate by division or stem cuttings. Simply separate a small rooted section from the mother plant and replant it in moist soil. The plant readily spreads from nodes that contact the soil.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nBaby’s Tears is considered non-toxic to humans. It is safe to grow indoors and handle without risk. It contains no known irritants or harmful compounds.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is non-toxic to cats and dogs, making it a pet-safe option for households with curious animals. It is not known to cause any adverse effects if chewed or ingested in small amounts.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNone identified."}
Mother of Thousands (Kalanchoe daigremontiana) Crassulaceae

229 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Mother of Thousands (Kalanchoe daigremontiana) is a striking succulent native to Madagascar, renowned for its unique reproductive strategy and dramatic appearance. This plant features thick, fleshy, lance-shaped leaves with distinctive brown or purple spots along their undersides. What makes it especially fascinating is its ability to produce numerous tiny plantlets along the edges of its leaves—hence the nickname “Mother of Thousands.” These plantlets easily root upon touching soil, allowing rapid and prolific propagation.</span></blockquote><blockquote><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">The plant typically grows up to 1 meter (3 feet) tall with an upright, shrubby habit. Its architectural form and ease of propagation make it popular in succulent collections and xeriscaping. It produces small, tubular, bell-shaped pink or reddish flowers during the growing season, though flowering is less common when grown indoors.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light to full sun. At least 4–6 hours of sunlight daily will promote healthy growth and flowering. Too little light results in leggy growth and fewer plantlets.","Watering":"Water moderately during the growing season, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering can cause root rot. During winter dormancy, reduce watering significantly.","Soil":"Requires well-draining soil, such as a cactus or succulent mix. Adding sand or perlite improves drainage.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 18–30°C (65–86°F). It is frost-sensitive and should be kept above 10°C (50°F). Protect from cold drafts and freezing temperatures.","Humidity":"Tolerates low to moderate humidity well. Does not require extra humidity and prefers dry air to prevent fungal problems.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during active growth with a diluted, balanced succulent fertilizer. Avoid fertilizing during dormancy.","Pruning":"Remove dead or dying leaves and trim excessive plantlets if necessary to control spread and maintain appearance.","Propagation":"Propagates effortlessly through the tiny plantlets produced along leaf margins. These plantlets root quickly when they fall or are placed on soil. It can also be propagated from stem cuttings.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nMother of Thousands contains toxic compounds called bufadienolides, which are cardiac glycosides. These substances can affect heart function if ingested, potentially leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and in severe cases, heart arrhythmias or toxicity. Therefore, ingestion by humans should be avoided. Skin contact typically does not cause irritation, but sensitive individuals may experience mild reactions.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is toxic to cats and dogs due to the presence of cardiac glycosides. If ingested, pets may show signs such as drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, abnormal heart rhythms, or even sudden death in severe cases. It is important to keep Kalanchoe daigremontiana well out of reach of pets and children.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\n\t•\tBufadienolides (cardiac glycosides): These compounds interfere with cardiac muscle function and can cause toxicity.<br>"}
Crepe-myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) Lythraceae

230 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Lagerstroemia indica (also known as crêpe myrtle, crepeflower) is a species in the genus Lagerstroemia in the family Lythraceae, which is native to the Indian Subcontinent (hence the name indica), and also to Southeast Asia, China, Korea and Japan.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Lagerstroemia indica is an often multi-stemmed, deciduous tree with a wide spreading, flat topped, rounded, or even spike shaped open habit. Planted in full sun or under canopy, the tree is a popular nesting shrub for songbirds and wrens. Low maintenance needs make it a common municipal planting in parks, along sidewalks, highway medians and in parking lots.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Like the southern magnolia, the crape myrtle has come to symbolize the American South because of its extensive planting and ability to thrive in hot, humid summer climates with regular precipitation. It is one of only a few trees/shrubs to offer brilliant color in late summer through autumn, at a time when many flowering plants have exhausted their blooms. In arid climates, it requires supplemental watering and some shade in the very hottest areas. The plant must have hot summers in order to flower successfully, otherwise it will show weak bloom and is more vulnerable to fungal diseases.</p> {"Light":"Requires full sun (at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily) to flower well and maintain compact growth. In shaded locations, flowering will be reduced and the plant may become leggy.","Watering":"Water regularly during the first growing season to establish roots. Once established, Crepe Myrtle is drought-tolerant but benefits from occasional deep watering during prolonged dry periods, especially in summer.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 5.0–7.0). It can tolerate a range of soil types including sandy, loamy, or clay soils but does not tolerate waterlogged conditions.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm climates with temperatures between 15–35°C (59–95°F). It is moderately frost-tolerant but young plants may suffer damage at temperatures below -7°C (20°F). Mature plants can withstand brief cold snaps.","Humidity":"Tolerant of a wide range of humidity levels but prefers moderate humidity. Good air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Fertilize in early spring and midsummer with a balanced fertilizer to promote vigorous growth and flowering. Avoid excessive nitrogen, which can encourage leaf growth over blooms.","Pruning":"Prune in late winter or early spring to remove dead or weak branches and shape the plant. Light pruning encourages dense growth and more prolific blooming. Avoid heavy “topping,” which can weaken the tree and reduce flowering quality.","Propagation":"Propagated by softwood cuttings in late spring or early summer or by seed. Cuttings root readily under warm, humid conditions.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nCrepe Myrtle is non-toxic to humans. It poses no known poisoning risk if touched or accidentally ingested. It is safe to grow indoors or outdoors around children.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs. There are no reports of adverse effects from ingestion or contact. It is safe to have in homes with pets.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nNone identified."}
Apple( Malus domestica) Rosaceae

231 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Malus domestica, commonly known as the Apple tree, is a deciduous fruit tree cultivated worldwide for its sweet, crisp fruit. Originating in Central Asia, the apple tree has been extensively bred to produce thousands of cultivars with diverse flavors, colors, and uses. Apple trees typically grow between 3 to 12 meters (10 to 40 feet) tall, depending on the rootstock and variety.</span></blockquote><blockquote><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">The tree features broad, ovate leaves with serrated edges and produces fragrant white to pink flowers in spring, which later develop into the familiar round fruits. Apples vary widely in color from green and yellow to red and bi-colored shades. Apples are consumed fresh, cooked, or processed into juice, cider, and various food products.</span></blockquote><blockquote><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">Beyond its agricultural importance, the apple tree is valued as an ornamental tree in gardens and landscapes due to its attractive flowers and seasonal foliage.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Requires full sun—at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily—for healthy growth, flowering, and fruit production. Shaded conditions reduce fruit yield and quality.","Watering":"Needs regular watering, especially during flowering, fruit set, and dry spells. Maintain consistent soil moisture but avoid waterlogging. Deep watering encourages healthy root development.","Soil":"Grows best in well-drained, fertile loamy soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Good drainage is essential to prevent root diseases.","Temperature":"Prefers temperate climates with cold winters (chilling requirement of 500–1000 hours below 7°C/45°F) to break dormancy. Thrives in temperatures between 15–24°C (59–75°F) during growing season but is frost-sensitive during bloom.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity. High humidity combined with poor air circulation can increase risk of fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Apply balanced fertilizer annually in early spring. Additional feeding during fruit development can enhance yield and fruit size.","Pruning":"Prune in late winter or early spring to remove dead or crowded branches, improve air circulation, and shape the tree. Proper pruning promotes sunlight penetration and fruit quality.","Propagation":"Propagated primarily by grafting desirable cultivars onto rootstocks to control size and vigor. Also propagated by seeds, but seedlings vary widely.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nApple fruits are edible and widely consumed, providing nutritional benefits. However, apple seeds contain small amounts of amygdalin, which can release cyanide when metabolized in large quantities. Accidental ingestion of a few seeds is generally harmless, but consumption of large quantities should be avoided.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nApple flesh is safe and non-toxic to pets when given in moderation. However, apple seeds, stems, and leaves contain cyanogenic glycosides and are toxic to cats and dogs if ingested in significant amounts, potentially causing symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, or breathing difficulties.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\n\t•\tAmygdalin (cyanogenic glycoside) found in seeds, stems, and leaves."}
Barbados Lily (Hippeastrum Striatum) Amaryllidaceae

232 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The genus Hippeastrum encompasses 75 species; they are referred to as Amaryllis. Most are from tropical South America and are hybrids.A beautiful exotic perennial bulbous plant; growing all year around in the (sub) -tropics, indoors and in the glass house.It produces 3 to 6 glossy strap-like leaves. The blooms come from two on a stem; it last 4 - 7 days; the flowers are trumpet shaped.The Barbados lily is attractive to bees and butterflies; the flowers are fragrant. The bulb has medicinal properties and is used against asthma, bronchitis, constipation and respiratory diseases. It contains the phytochemicals Galanthamine and Lycorine.In India, fresh bulbs are used for the healing of wounds; against tumors and piles.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light to partial sun. It can tolerate some direct morning or late afternoon sun but avoid intense midday sun which may scorch the leaves.","Watering":"Water moderately during active growth, keeping the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Reduce watering after flowering, allowing the soil to dry slightly. During dormancy (typically summer), water sparingly.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, fertile soil, ideally a mix of potting soil, sand, and organic matter. Good drainage is essential to prevent bulb rot.","Temperature":"Thrives in temperatures between 16–27°C (60–80°F). Protect from frost and cold drafts, keeping it above 10°C (50°F).","Humidity":"Tolerates average indoor humidity well. It does not require high humidity but benefits from occasional misting in very dry conditions.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during the growing and flowering period with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Stop fertilizing during dormancy.","Pruning":"Remove spent flowers and yellowing leaves to maintain appearance and reduce disease risk. After flowering, allow the foliage to remain until it yellows naturally to replenish the bulb.","Propagation":"Propagated by dividing offsets (small bulbs) that form around the parent bulb or by seed, though seed propagation is slower and less common.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nHippeastrum striatum contains toxic alkaloids, particularly lycorine, which can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain if ingested. Skin contact may cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals. It is advisable to keep the plant out of reach of children and avoid ingestion. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThis plant is toxic to cats and dogs due to the presence of alkaloids like lycorine. Ingestion can lead to symptoms such as drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, tremors, and in severe cases, more serious health issues. Veterinary care should be sought immediately if ingestion is suspected. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tLycorine and related alkaloids, which are toxic when ingested."}
Seaside Petunia (Calibrachoa parviflora) Solanaceae

233 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Commonly known as Seaside Petunia, Calibrachoa is a charming flowering plant perfect for homes and offices. Its abundant blossoms with a variety of hues attract even non-enthusiastic gardeners.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Belonging to the Solanacee family, Seaside Petunia is a close relative of the Common Petunia. This flowering plant is native to coastal regions and doesn't reach more than 1-2 ft (30-60 cm) in height and width. When spring comes, this greenie produces many trumpet-shaped flowers that can vary from purple to yellow in color. Its foliage is bright green in color, has a hairy texture and ovate shape, and grows densely around the plant's stem.</p> {"Light":"Prefers full sun for best flowering and growth but can tolerate partial shade. Insufficient sunlight may lead to reduced bloom production.","Watering":"Requires moderate watering. Water regularly during dry periods but allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Avoid waterlogging, which can cause root rot.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, sandy or loamy soil. It tolerates poor, nutrient-deficient soils typical of coastal habitats but performs best in soils with moderate fertility.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm climates with temperatures between 15–30°C (59–86°F). It is frost-sensitive and should be protected from freezing temperatures.","Humidity":"Adapted to moderate to low humidity, reflecting its native coastal environment. Good air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer to encourage continuous blooming.","Pruning":"Deadhead spent flowers regularly to promote new blooms and prevent legginess. Light trimming can encourage bushier growth.","Propagation":"Propagated by seeds or stem cuttings. Seeds can be sown indoors before the last frost, while cuttings root readily in moist conditions.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nCalibrachoa parviflora is generally considered non-toxic to humans. It poses no significant risk if touched or accidentally ingested in small amounts. However, as with many plants in the Solanaceae family, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild digestive discomfort.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nThis plant is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs, though ingestion of large amounts may cause mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhea. It is safe to keep around pets with usual precautions.<br>\n\nToxic Compounds:<br>\nContains no known harmful alkaloids or toxins in quantities hazardous to humans or pets."}
Rue (Ruta graveolens) Rutaceae

234 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Ruta graveolens is a type of Ruta cultivated as both an ornamental plant and an herb. This plant is identified by its bluish leaves and ability to thrive in hot and dry soil conditions. In addition to its aesthetic qualities, Rue is also used in culinary applications and as a natural insect repellent and incense.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Common Rue is native to the Balkan Peninsula but is now widespread all over the globe. It can grow to 2-3 feet (60-90 cm) in height and 1-2 feet (30-60 cm) in width. The leaves of the Common Rue are bluish-green, alternate, and bi-pinnate, meaning they have two sets of leaflets on either side of the stem. The leaflets are narrow and pointed, and the edges are slightly serrated. The leaves are the most commonly used part for culinary purposes. They have a strong, bitter flavor and are used sparingly as a seasoning in many dishes.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">The flowers of Ruta graveolens are small, yellow, and arranged in clusters at the top of the stem. They have five petals and numerous stamens, and they are very fragrant. The fruit of the Common Rue is a small, woody capsule that contains several small, hard seeds that are round and black. The fruit is not edible and is primarily used for propagating new plants.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">While consuming small amounts of Rue as a food flavoring is generally safe but taking large doses can lead to serious health problems, including gastric pain, vomiting, liver damage, and even death. Pregnant women should strictly avoid Rue, which can cause abortion and birth defects.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in full sun, which enhances its compact growth and essential oil production. Partial shade is tolerated but may lead to leggier growth.","Watering":"Requires moderate to low watering. Let the soil dry between waterings. Overwatering or poorly drained soil can lead to root rot.","Soil":"Prefers well-drained, moderately fertile soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH (6.5–8.0). It tolerates poor, dry, and rocky soils once established.","Temperature":"Prefers temperate to warm climates, thriving in 15–30°C (59–86°F). It is hardy in USDA zones 4–9 but may die back in very cold winters, regrowing in spring.","Humidity":"Does well in low to moderate humidity. High humidity combined with poor airflow may encourage fungal problems.","Fertilization":"Fertilize lightly once in spring, if at all. Too much fertilizer reduces the concentration of aromatic compounds and can make the plant floppy.","Pruning":"Light pruning can be done after flowering to shape the plant and prevent it from becoming woody. Wear gloves when handling, as Rue can cause skin reactions.","Propagation":"Propagated by seeds, cuttings, or division. Seeds germinate slowly but reliably. Cuttings root easily in well-draining soil in warm conditions.","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nRuta graveolens is considered toxic to humans, especially when consumed in large amounts or when the essential oils are used improperly. The plant contains phototoxic compounds that can cause severe skin irritation, blistering, and rashes when skin contact is followed by sun exposure (a condition known as phytophotodermatitis). Ingestion of large quantities can cause vomiting, abdominal pain, liver and kidney damage, and in some cases, may be fatal. Rue is not recommended for internal use unless under supervision of a qualified practitioner. <br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nRue is toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, tremors, and liver damage. Contact with the plant may also lead to skin irritation in pets. It should not be grown in areas accessible to animals prone to chewing on foliage. <br>\n\nToxic Compounds: <br>\n\t•\tFuranocoumarins – responsible for phototoxic reactions on the skin <br>\n\t•\tAlkaloids – including arborinine and graveoline, which are toxic when ingested <br>\n\t•\tEssential oils – can be highly irritating internally and externally"}
Highbush Blueberry( Vaccinium corymbosum) Ericaceae

235 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Growing Highbush blueberries isn't a tough thing. If you're ready to do a little experiment, you might enjoy the journey of adding flavor and color to your backyard.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Highbush blueberry, scientifically known as _Vaccinium corymbosum_, is a deciduous shrub native to eastern North America. This plant is trendy for its edible fruits and attractive fall color, making it a great addition to landscapes. Highbush blueberry is also good for landscaping design.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Compared to Lowbush Blueberry, the Highbush Blueberry has an erect, multi-stemmed, and rounded form. The shrub usually grows to a height of 8-10 ft (2.4-3 m), making it easier for pickers to harvest the fruits when ripe. The berries become blue or lavender in color when ripe in August. They grow in clusters and have an ovate shape.</p> {"Light":"Prefers full sun for optimal fruit production. At least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight per day is recommended.","Watering":"Requires consistent moisture, especially during flowering and fruiting periods. Soil should be kept moist but not soggy. Mulching helps retain soil moisture.","Soil":"Grows best in acidic (pH 4.5–5.5), well-drained, and organically rich soils. It does not tolerate alkaline or heavy clay soils. Amending with peat moss or pine bark can improve soil conditions.","Temperature":"Thrives in cool to temperate climates. Hardy in USDA zones 3 to 8. While it tolerates cold winters, late spring frosts can damage blooms.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity. Good airflow around the plant helps prevent fungal diseases like powdery mildew or leaf spot.","Fertilization":"Use acid-loving plant fertilizers (like azalea or rhododendron blends). Avoid overfertilizing, as excessive nitrogen can damage roots and reduce fruit yield.","Pruning":"Annual pruning in late winter or early spring helps maintain shape, improve airflow, and promote healthy new growth and fruiting.","Propagation":"Can be propagated by softwood cuttings, hardwood cuttings, or seed, though vegetative propagation ensures true-to-type plants.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nVaccinium corymbosum is non-toxic to humans. The berries are edible and highly nutritious, rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, vitamin K, and fiber. All other parts of the plant are generally considered safe but are not typically consumed.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nHighbush Blueberries are non-toxic to cats and dogs. In small amounts, the berries are safe if consumed by pets. However, large quantities may cause digestive upset, such as diarrhea or vomiting, due to the high fiber content. Always avoid feeding pets sweetened or processed blueberry products.<br>\n\nImportant Note:<br>\nWhile the berries are safe, unripe fruits and leaves contain small amounts of compounds that could cause mild stomach upset if ingested in large amounts. Supervision is still advised."}
Rhipsalis (Rhipsalis baccifera) Cactaceae

236 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Rhipsalis baccifera, commonly known as Rhipsalis, Mistletoe Cactus, or Spaghetti Cactus, is a unique, epiphytic cactus native to tropical and subtropical regions of Central and South America, parts of the Caribbean, and even tropical Africa and Sri Lanka—making it one of the only cactus species that naturally occurs outside the Americas. Unlike desert cacti, Rhipsalis has long, slender, trailing stems that are cylindrical and often branching, giving it a draping, delicate appearance ideal for hanging baskets or high shelves.</span></blockquote><blockquote><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">This tropical cactus prefers shade and high humidity and is adapted to grow on trees (epiphytic) or rocks (lithophytic) in rainforest environments. It produces tiny white or pale green flowers followed by small, translucent white or pink berries that resemble mistletoe, hence the name.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light. Avoid direct sun, which can scorch its delicate stems. Can adapt to lower light conditions but will grow more slowly.","Watering":"Water regularly, allowing the top 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) of the soil to dry out between waterings. Unlike desert cacti, Rhipsalis enjoys more consistent moisture but should never sit in soggy soil. Reduce watering in winter.","Soil":"Requires a well-draining, light mix—ideally a cactus/succulent mix with added orchid bark or peat. Since it’s an epiphyte, it benefits from a loose, airy substrate.","Temperature":"Prefers warm temperatures between 18–27°C (65–80°F). It should be protected from temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Not frost-tolerant.","Humidity":"Prefers high humidity (50–70%) and may struggle in dry indoor environments. Regular misting or using a humidity tray can help, especially in winter or air-conditioned rooms.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season (spring and summer) with a diluted cactus or balanced houseplant fertilizer. Do not fertilize in winter.","Pruning":"Can be trimmed to shape or to encourage bushier growth. Use clean, sharp scissors and trim just above a node.","Propagation":"Easily propagated by stem cuttings. Allow cut ends to callous for a day or two before planting in moist, well-draining soil.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br->\nRhipsalis baccifera is non-toxic to humans. The berries are not considered edible and should not be consumed, but they are not known to be harmful if accidentally ingested in small amounts.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nRhipsalis is non-toxic to cats and dogs, according to the ASPCA and other reputable sources. This makes it a safe choice for households with pets. However, like with any non-food plant, overconsumption of any part may cause mild stomach upset (e.g., vomiting or diarrhea), mainly due to fiber, not toxins."}
Dragon Tail Plant (Epipremnum pinnatum) Araceae

237 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Epipremnum pinnatum is a vine from the Araceae family. In the wild, Dragon Tail Plant lives in the rainforests of Southeast Asia, India, and Australia. This plant is unpretentious in care - that is why it is common among gardeners around the world, even in temperate climates.</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">In the wild, the Dragon Tail Plant reaches a length of 12 meters (40 feet); however, at home, the length of the plant rarely exceeds 2-3 meters. It is a branching plant with large leaves (up to 40 centimeters or 16 inches in diameter). The leaves are long, having a slit. The size of the plant can depend on the breed, but the bizarre shape of the leaves and ease of care are common to all representatives of this species.</p> {"Light":"Prefers bright, indirect light. Tolerates low light, but growth will be slower and fenestrations may not develop. Avoid direct sun, which can scorch the foliage.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–5 cm (1–2 inches) of soil feels dry. It prefers evenly moist but not soggy soil. Reduce watering frequency during cooler months.","Soil":"Use a well-draining, chunky mix—such as a combination of potting soil, perlite, orchid bark, and peat or coco coir. This mimics its natural, airy environment.","Temperature":"Thrives in warm environments between 18–29°C (65–85°F). Should be protected from cold drafts or temperatures below 10°C (50°F).","Humidity":"Appreciates moderate to high humidity levels (above 50%). If the air is too dry, leaf tips may brown. Consider misting or using a humidifier if needed.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during the growing season (spring to early autumn) with a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength.","Pruning":"Epipremnum pinnatum needs pruning of withered sprouts. Pruning will also allow you to control the shape and size of your plant.","Propagation":"Propagates easily from stem cuttings placed in water or moist soil. Ensure each cutting has at least one node (the bump where roots and leaves grow).","Poisonous":"⚠️Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nEpipremnum pinnatum contains insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. If ingested, it can cause oral irritation, burning, swelling of the mouth and throat, and in rare cases, gastrointestinal distress. Keep out of reach of young children.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nToxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion may cause drooling, vomiting, pawing at the mouth, and oral irritation. In more sensitive pets, swelling of the mouth or throat may occur. Seek veterinary advice if ingestion is suspected."}
Kumquat(Citrus japonica) Rutaceae

238 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">The Kumquat is a small, slow-growing citrus tree or shrub native to South and East Asia, especially China, where it has been cultivated for centuries. It is distinct among citrus fruits in that the entire fruit is edible, including the peel, which is sweet, while the pulp inside is tart and tangy. The plant produces fragrant white flowers and small, oval to round orange fruits typically 2–4 cm in diameter.</span></blockquote><blockquote><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">Kumquat trees have dense, glossy green foliage and are often grown both for their ornamental beauty and their tasty, vitamin-rich fruit. They can be cultivated in containers or in-ground and are popular in bonsai, patio gardening, and subtropical landscaping.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Thrives in full sun, needing at least 6–8 hours of direct light daily. Indoors, place near a very bright window or under grow lights if needed.","Watering":"Water regularly during the growing season to keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Let the top few centimeters of soil dry between waterings. Reduce watering frequency in winter.","Soil":"Use well-draining, slightly acidic soil. A sandy loam or high-quality citrus potting mix is ideal. Good drainage is critical to prevent root rot.","Temperature":"Prefers warm climates between 18–30°C (65–86°F). Tolerates light frosts, especially the Nagami kumquat variety, but extended freezes below -3°C (27°F) can cause damage. Move container-grown plants indoors or provide frost protection in winter.","Humidity":"Average humidity is sufficient, but avoid very dry indoor air. Mist occasionally if kept indoors during winter when heating systems dry the air.","Fertilization":"Feed every 4–6 weeks during the growing season with a citrus-specific fertilizer rich in nitrogen and micronutrients like iron and magnesium. Avoid over-fertilizing during winter dormancy.","Pruning":"Prune in early spring to maintain shape and encourage airflow. Remove any dead or crossing branches. Kumquats are naturally compact but may require shaping if grown ornamentally.","Propagation":"Can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, or more commonly, grafted onto rootstocks (like trifoliate orange) for stronger growth and better disease resistance.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nKumquats are non-toxic and completely edible for humans. In fact, both the skin and pulp can be consumed raw or used in marmalades, sauces, and desserts. Rich in vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants.\n<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nThe fruit itself is generally considered safe in small amounts for pets. However, citrus peels, leaves, and essential oils contain compounds like limonene and linalool, which can be mildly toxic to cats and dogs. Ingestion of large quantities may cause vomiting, diarrhea, or sensitivity. Keep leaves and peels out of reach of pets and avoid giving kumquats as a treat."}
Fuchsia (Fuchsia magellanica) Onagraceae

239 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Fuchsia magellanica, commonly known as the hardy fuchsia or hummingbird fuchsia, is a deciduous flowering shrub native to the southern regions of South America, particularly Chile and Argentina. It is one of the hardiest species in the genus Fuchsia, and is grown both for its vibrant ornamental value and its resilience in cooler climates. The plant features slender, arching branches adorned with small, ovate green leaves and produces striking, pendant-shaped flowers that range in color from vivid purples and pinks to red and magenta, often with contrasting petals and sepals.</span></blockquote><blockquote><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">These uniquely shaped blossoms, resembling tiny dancing ballerinas, bloom profusely from late spring through fall and are highly attractive to pollinators such as hummingbirds and bees.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Prefers partial shade or filtered sunlight, especially in hot climates. In cooler climates, it can tolerate more direct sun as long as the soil remains moist.","Watering":"Enjoys consistently moist, well-drained soil. It does not tolerate drought well. During hot or dry periods, regular watering is essential to prevent wilting and flower drop.","Soil":"Thrives in rich, loamy, slightly acidic to neutral soil with good drainage. Amending soil with compost improves health and flowering.","Temperature":"Fuchsia magellanica is considered hardy to USDA Zones 6–9, meaning it can tolerate light frost and cold winters down to around -10°C to -12°C (10–15°F). In very cold regions, it may die back to the ground in winter but will regrow in spring from its roots.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate to high humidity. Dry indoor air or very arid outdoor conditions can cause the buds to drop or leaves to brown.","Fertilization":"Feed every 2–4 weeks during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer to encourage continuous blooming. Reduce or stop feeding in fall and winter.","Pruning":"Prune in early spring to encourage bushier growth and to remove any winter-damaged stems. Regular deadheading (removal of spent flowers) encourages more blooming. It can also be trained as a standard (small tree form) with proper care.","Propagation":"Easily propagated through softwood cuttings taken in spring or summer. It can also self-seed in favorable conditions, though hybrids may not come true to type.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nFuchsia magellanica is non-toxic to humans. The small dark purple berries it produces in late summer are edible, though not commonly consumed due to their bland flavor. The flowers are also edible and sometimes used decoratively in salads or desserts. <br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs): <br>\nFuchsia magellanica is considered non-toxic to cats and dogs according to the ASPCA and other major plant safety databases. It’s safe to grow in households or gardens shared with pets, although ingestion of large amounts of any plant material could cause mild digestive upset simply due to fiber content."}
Coin-Leaf Peperomia( Peperomia polybotrya) Piperaceae

240 <p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Peperomia polybotrya is a plant from the Piperacee family. These green beauties come from South America, namely Brazil and Ecuador. The good news is everyone can grow them indoors, even beginners!</p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">Coin-Leaf Peperomia has the appearance of a small bush. It can reach up to 24 inches (60 cm) in height. Its foliage resembles the leaves of water lilies. In the summer, the plant produces elongated peduncles with greenish-yellow inflorescences.</p> {"Light":"Thrives in bright, indirect light. It can tolerate medium light but should be protected from direct sun, which may scorch its leaves. In low light, the plant may grow leggy or lose its vibrant leaf color.","Watering":"Water when the top 2–3 cm (1 inch) of soil is dry. It stores water in its thick leaves, so it is somewhat drought-tolerant. Overwatering is the most common issue and can lead to root rot. Ensure pots have good drainage.","Soil":"Does best in a well-draining, peat-based potting mix, such as one formulated for houseplants or succulents. You can also add perlite or orchid bark to improve aeration.","Temperature":"Prefers warm indoor temperatures between 18°C to 26°C (65°F to 80°F). It is not frost-tolerant and should be kept away from cold drafts. Outdoors, it’s suitable for USDA Zones 10–12.","Humidity":"Prefers moderate humidity, but tolerates dry indoor air reasonably well. Occasional misting or a nearby humidity tray can help during winter months or in dry climates.","Fertilization":"Feed monthly during spring and summer with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer. Feeding can be reduced or paused during fall and winter.","Pruning":"Very low-maintenance. Remove yellow or damaged leaves to keep the plant looking tidy. Occasional pruning of leggy stems helps maintain a compact shape.","Propagation":"Easily propagated through leaf or stem cuttings, which root readily in water or moist soil. This makes it a great plant to share with friends.","Poisonous":" ✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nPeperomia polybotrya is non-toxic to humans and is considered safe to grow in households with children.<br>\n\n✅Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\nAccording to the ASPCA and pet safety sources, this plant is non-toxic to cats and dogs. It’s a pet-safe houseplant option, though it’s still best to discourage pets from chewing on the leaves, as ingestion of large amounts of any plant may cause mild digestive discomfort."}
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Vitaceae

241 <blockquote><span style="font-kerning: none;">Vitis vinifera, commonly known as the grapevine, is a deciduous woody vine native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and southwestern Asia. It is one of the oldest cultivated fruit plants in the world, grown primarily for its fruit—grapes—which are used for eating fresh, drying into raisins, or making wine, juice, and vinegar.</span></blockquote><blockquote><br><span style="font-kerning: none;">The grapevine has a climbing growth habit and can reach 15–20 meters (50–65 feet) in length if left unpruned, though in cultivation it is typically trained along trellises or supports. The leaves are large, lobed, and bright green, providing dense seasonal foliage. In spring to early summer, the vine produces small greenish flowers that develop into tight clusters of grapes, which can be green, red, black, purple, or golden depending on the cultivar.</span></blockquote><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 13.8px;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></p> {"Light":"Requires full sun—at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily—to produce healthy fruit and maintain vigorous growth.","Watering":"Young vines need regular watering to establish strong roots. Once mature, grapevines are relatively drought-tolerant but still benefit from consistent watering during dry periods, especially while fruit is forming. Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot and fungal issues.","Soil":"Prefers well-draining, slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 5.5–7.0). Loamy or sandy soil types with good organic matter content are ideal. Poor drainage or compacted soils can lead to root diseases.","Temperature":"Grows best in warm temperate to subtropical climates. Hardy in USDA Zones 7–10. Cold-hardy varieties exist that can withstand brief frosts, but extended freezing temperatures may damage vines or reduce yields.","Humidity":"Moderate humidity is ideal. Too much humidity combined with poor air circulation may promote fungal diseases like powdery mildew or botrytis bunch rot.","Fertilization":"Apply a balanced fertilizer in early spring as growth begins. Avoid over-fertilizing with nitrogen, as this encourages leafy growth at the expense of fruit production.","Pruning":"Pruning is essential and done during the dormant season (late winter). Grapevines need to be heavily pruned annually to promote good airflow, sunlight penetration, and productive fruiting wood. Training the vine properly on trellises also improves fruit quality and ease of harvest.","Propagation":"Propagated by hardwood cuttings, grafting, or layering. Cuttings taken in winter root easily and are the most common method for home gardeners.","Poisonous":"✅Toxicity to Humans:<br>\nThe fruit and leaves of Vitis vinifera are non-toxic to humans and widely consumed. However, the seeds may be a choking hazard for young children and should be avoided by those with seed sensitivities.<br>\n\n⚠️Toxicity to Pets (Cats & Dogs):<br>\n⚠️ Toxic to Dogs and Cats.\nGrapes and raisins—whether fresh, dried, cooked, or seedless—are highly toxic to dogs and potentially toxic to cats, though the exact toxic compound is still unknown. Even small quantities can cause acute kidney failure in some dogs. All parts of the plant (including leaves and stems) should be kept away from pets as a precaution.<br>\n\nSymptoms of grape toxicity in pets may include:<br>\n\t•\tVomiting<br>\n\t•\tDiarrhea<br>\n\t•\tLethargy<r>\n\t•\tLoss of appetite<br>\n\t•\tAbdominal pain<br>\n\t•\tKidney failure (within 24–72 hours)<br>\n\nIf ingestion is suspected, contact a veterinarian immediately."}